Subjects: Mathematics >> Statistics and Probability Subjects: Statistics >> Mathematical Statistics Subjects: Information Science and Systems Science >> Basic Disciplines of Information Science and Systems Science submitted time 2024-04-11
Abstract： Statistical independence is a core concept in statistics and machine learning. Representing and measuring independence are of fundamental importance in related fields. Copula theory provides the tool for representing statistical independence, while Copula Entropy (CE) presents the tool for measuring statistical independence. This paper first introduces the theory of CE, including its definition, theorem, properties, and estimation method. The theoretical applications of CE to structure learning, association discovery, variable selection, causal discovery, system identification, time lag estimation, domain adaptation, multivariate normality test, two-sample test, and change point detection are reviewed. The relationships between the former four applications and their connection to correlation and causality are discussed. The frameworks based on CE, the kernel method, and distance correlation for measuring statistical independence and conditional independence are compared. The advantage of CE over other independence and conditional independence measures is evaluated. The applications of CE in theoretical physics, astrophysics, geophysics, theoretical chemistry, cheminformatics, materials science, hydrology, climatology, meteorology, environmental science, ecology, animal morphology, agronomy, cognitive neuroscience, motor neuroscience, computational neuroscience, psychology, system biology, bioinformatics, clinical diagnostics, geriatrics, psychiatry, public health, economics, management, sociology, pedagogy, computational linguistics, mass media, law, political science, military science, informatics, energy, food engineering, architecture, civil engineering, transportation, manufacturing, reliability, metallurgy, chemical engineering, aeronautics and astronautics, weapon, automobile, electronics, communication, high performance computing, cybersecurity, remote sensing, and finance are briefly introduced.
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Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Understand the cropland use situation, analyze management countermeasures, and explore the regional suitable cropland use mode are important prerequisites for the implementation of the strictest protection of cultivated land strategy with Chinese characteristics. At present, the cropland resource utilization in China is facing the five issues of non-agricultural, non-grain, fragmentation, marginalization, and ecological degradation. This study estimates the spatial-temporal changes of these cropland use issues in China, analyzes the challenges of cropland use governance from the aspects of complex driving factors, phase characteristics, cognitive differences of responsible subjects, and dynamic changes of external factors. On this basis, the countermeasures of cropland use are put forward to provide insights for building China into a more beautiful country with harmonious development between humans and nature.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The eco-environmental conservation and Beautiful China have entered the critical phase. Urbanized areas serve as important spatial carriers in the Beautiful China initiative scenarios, but the most prominent challenges in human-environment relationship and difficult points in building Beautiful China. This study focuses on the physical urban area, and utilizing big data technology to reexamine the spatiotemporal distribution and grouped evolution characteristics of impervious surface in cities, as well as the structural features of urban flow networks from space of flows. Moreover, preliminary thoughts and policy recommendations are provided for promoting high-quality development in urbanized areas of the new era. More efforts should be made in promoting the people-oriented urban construction, introducing the classified guidance on the diversified development path of cities, establishing green, resilient, and healthy urban sustainable models, strengthening technological innovation in smart city, implementing regular urban physical examination, etc., to achieve the realization for Chinese path to urbanization and modernization and Beautiful China initiative.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Located in the Wumeng Mountain region of southern China, encompassed with vast range of stretching between Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces, Shuicheng, Guizhou Province, has long been plagued by karst landscapes, rocky desertification along with the poverty that comes with it. It used to be a national key county for poverty alleviation and development, and by the end of 2016, its poverty incidence rate still was 18.9%. As the designated support organization of Shuicheng, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), during the battle against poverty, making use of the local ecological environment and resource, and its industrial foundation, promoted a large number of scientific and technological achievements transformation, and helped Shuicheng build characteristic industries in accordance with local conditions, which helped remove Shuicheng from the poverty county list in March 2020 successfully. In 2020, Shuicheng stepped on the road towards rural vitalization. CAS will continue to help Shuicheng upgrade its industries in a scientific way, improve its quality and efficiency, so that the county can go well on the road to vitalization.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The current international situation is complicated and unstable, and China is in the midst of an important economic transition as it deals with the twin concerns of energy security and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (referred to as dual carbon goals). Although the dual carbon goals aim a strong emphasis on energy security, certain emission reduction strategies will place restrictions on energy security that is directly connected, such as energy supply and grid load, making it challenging to simultaneously fulfill the optimization goal. China now has the task of figuring out how to rationalize and optimize the coordinated promotion of the two. Electric vehicles are one of the most effective ways to attain both sides and reduce the tension between energy security and dual carbon goals since they offer numerous advantages in terms of energy savings, energy storage, and emission reduction. This study suggests creating a bilateral integration and coordination system guaranteed by the policy network and based on energy storage technology by first reducing policy inconsistencies; giving the electric vehicle industry’s guarantee role full play in creating a network of suitable policies; increasing the energy storage role of electric vehicles as they stand; and creating a system of bilateral integration and coordination with joint policy and technology.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the establishment of the first human diploid cell line derived from aborted fetal tissue in the 1960s, human embryoderived cells have been widely used in biomedical field and significantly contributes to improving human health. In recent years, human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), have shown great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, and thus received great attention from governments and the public. However, due to various factors such as history, culture, religious beliefs, ethics and morality, research and application involving human embryo-derived cells have been controversial worldwide. This study explores the history and progress of human embryo-derived cells in the field of biomedicine, and analyzes the evolution of regulatory systems in different countries, with the aim of facilitating the improvement of China’s regulatory framework and technical requirements in this field.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As the cornerstone of modern information technology, chips are the strategic commanding heights of competition game and industrial development of countries all over the world. In recent years, the United States has taken advantage of its technological advances to successively introduce chip laws against China, which seriously violates the laws of market economy and has a significant impact on the global semiconductor industry chain. This study first sorts out the development pattern of the global semiconductor industry, and then introduces the background, content and purpose of CHIPS and Science Act of 2022. Then, it analyzes the impact of the Act on the global chip market, China’s chip industry and other related industries, and China’s economy. Finally, it puts forward countermeasures based on China’s actual conditions.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
YAO Jinglong
CHEN Haitao
ZHANG Changsheng
YANG Min
WANG Weiqiang
WEI Yuansong
PAN Gang
WANG Yawei
LUO Yao
ZHONG Hui
ZHANG Zhenqiu
Abstract： Under the guidance of the new development paradigm, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has started a series of pioneering international cooperation in the Belt and Road countries with scientific and technological innovation, especially along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. CAS advanced the practical cooperation with the research institutions of the countries to improve their research and innovation capabilities. Taking the example of high-quality development, the China-Sri Lanka Joint Center for Education and Research (CSL-CER), satisfied the Sri Lanka’s demands for science and education. This paper describes the progress and significance of achieved results by promoting high-quality development, and suggests for the development of CSL-CER in the future.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： To promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is one of the key points of China’s national science and technology innovation policy. Nevertheless, due to the particularity, complexity, and professionalism of technological achievements, being difficult to transform scientific and technological achievements is a worldwide common problem. There are many issues worth discussing and exploring in China’s transformation of scientific and technological achievements, especially when it comes to whether research institutes can transform their achievements by establishing enterprises, the answers remain controversial. The authors intend to take the field of information technology as an example, by analyzing the advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of several main forms of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, such as intellectual property rights licensing or transferring, industry-university-institute cooperation, and spin offs, to give some opinions on this issue.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In today’s rapidly advancing technological landscape, science communication is closely intertwined with technological innovation, serving as a crucial element in influencing a country’s technological competitiveness and competing for the global scientific and technological discourse. This study delves into the historical context of science communication and the theoretical research and paradigm shifts surrounding it. It explores the symbiotic relationship between science communication and technological innovation, uncovering the mechanisms of their interactions. On this basis, the study examines exemplary practices in promoting science communication in major developed countries. In light of China’s current state of science communication, tentative strategies are proposed to enhance the nation’s endeavors in the realm of science communication.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening the collaborative innovation of various innovation actors is an effective way to implement the national strategy of achieving a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance. China needs to learn from the mature countries when in the important period of promoting and developing the collaborative innovation among actors. Based on reviewing the concepts and organizational modes of collaborative innovation in the literature, this work carries out a case study of Germany’s four major public research institutes and finds five collaborative innovation organizational modes: project-type, integrated-type, alliance-type, platformtype and network-type. Then, the study analyzes and summarizes the characteristics, the advantages, and the suitable application situation of the different modes from the perspectives of the innovation objectives, the collaborative actors, the organizational mechanisms, the investment way, the government’s role, the collaborative effectiveness, etc. Policy enlightenment is proposed in the conclusion.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： How to seize the opportunity window opened by the fourth industrial revolution and enhance the international competitive advantage of advanced manufacturing has become an important issue concerned by existing research and policy practitioners. This study analyzes the background, characteristics, and influence of the fourth industrial revolution on the development of advanced manufacturing industry. Based on this, it discusses the development status and problems of four types of advanced manufacturing industries, including digitally empowered new infrastructure industries, intelligent manufacturing high-end equipment industries, brand-oriented new consumption industries, and science-based industries. The development paths of “fusion innovation”, “intelligent manufacturing upgrade”, “quality improvement”, and “seize the initiative” are designed. Finally, it is proposed to improve the innovation system for advanced manufacturing, establish a compatible and interoperable industrial standard system, modernize advanced manufacturing, cultivate an open and inclusive industrial application ecology, and promote the continuous implementation of supporting policies for advanced manufacturing.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The digital and intelligent integration transformation of manufacturing industry has become an important driving force for the high-quality development of traditional manufacturing enterprises. This study clarifies the main research context and key issues of scholars on the digital and intelligent integration transformation of manufacturing industry, refines the goals, main elements, and influencing factors of digital and intelligent integration transformation of manufacturing industry, builds a power network model for the transformation and development of digital and intelligent integration of manufacturing industry according to the system feedback principle of system dynamics, analyzes the mechanism of action between various elements of the system, and establishes a set of scientific integration evaluation index system on this basis. Thus, it provides a theoretical reference for further research on the transformation and development of digital and intelligent integration in manufacturing.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Energy consumption during production processes in the industry is a main source of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, for China’s dual-carbon goals, industrial enterprises need to focus on reducing energy waste to achieve energy-efficient production, thereby effectively reducing carbon emissions in industrial production. In recent years, with the continuous development and popularization of digital technology, digital energy management systems have played a crucial role in energy saving by visualizing invisible energy in the industry. In this context, this study first analyses the current status of digital energy management system applications in the UK, the US, Germany, and Sweden, summarizes their characteristics and conditions, and compares the differences between China’s energy management system development and other countries’. Furthermore, this study explores the challenges faced by the government, technology, and enterprises in promoting the deployment of energy management systems in Chinese industrial enterprises. Next, the study proposes to analyse energy consumption from the perspective of product rather than factory, production lines, or machines. The concept of “unit product energy consumption label based on production steps” is defined, and a methodological framework for digital energy consumption data analysis based on this label is constructed. This study further discusses the roles of the major stakeholders, including governments, enterprises, digital energy management system technology providers, certification bodies, etc., in achieving standardization and unified analysis of energy consumption labels and puts forward suggestions for the government to develop digital energy management systems in the industry to reduce carbon emissions. The suggestions include: continuing to promote the construction of energy management systems in enterprises; continuously supporting the cooperative development among various stakeholders; gradually determining energy consumption benchmarks by product and production steps; and actively leading enterprises to benchmark industry best practices.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With the extensive application and innovation of digital technology in the energy sector, digital technology has become increasingly crucial for the power industry to achieve the goal of reducing pollution and carbon emissions. How digital technology enables electric power enterprises to achieve this goal has attracted much attention. Firstly, the study analyzes the progress of digital technology applications in pollution reduction and carbon reduction in electric power enterprises. Then, it identifies the existing problems in the current application of digital technology in the power industry for reducing pollution and carbon emissions. Finally, it explores the potential ways and approaches of emerging digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and digital twins in enabling electric power enterprises to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, along with corresponding implementation strategies.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the 21st century, a new round of world scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has accelerated. Especially after the international financial crisis, countries have strengthened their scientific and technological strategic layout and R&D investment. The international scientific and technological competition has become increasingly fierce, and science and technology policy has become a key factor determining the success or failure of technological competition. This study analyzes the historical evolution of policy documents such as science and technology planning, strategic guidelines and research reports issued by the U.S. government and the long-term R&D input data of the federal government in the past two decades, with a view to revealing the development and evolution characteristics of the U.S. science and technology policy, and thus providing a certain explanation for the relative decline of the U.S. science and technology leading position. It shows that the relative decline of the United States’ global leadership in science and technology is closely related to the relatively stable development of science and technology policies, the weakening of strategic leadership of major science and technology plans, the year-on-year decline of government R&D investment intensity and the decline of emphasis on frontier basic research. This has important implications for China’s scientific and technological development: scientific and technological development is not only a long-term strategic undertaking, but also a highly competitive undertaking. The improvement of scientific and technological competitiveness is the result of the national long-term scientific and technological strategy-oriented layout, the steady increase in R&D investment intensity and the accumulation of major scientific and technological innovation breakthroughs.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee attaches great importance to open cooperation in science, technology and innovation (STI). Since the 18th National Congress of CPC, the inter-governmental science and technology (S&T) cooperation has been continuously strengthened, as well as the international S&T cooperation and exchanges have been deepened, which led China’s gradual change changed from a participant to a leader in global innovation governance. Entering a new stage of development, changes in the international situation and self-reliance in S&T put forward higher requirements for open cooperation in STI. Nevertheless, there are still difficulties such as scattered resources and difficult coordination in open cooperation in STI, and some open innovation reform measures have not yet been implemented, which is not conducive to accelerating the construction of an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness. The evaluation finds that there are not only external environmental problems caused by changeable global situation, but also long-standing internal institutional problems. Some problems exist for a long time and are difficult to break through, and some are caused by too principled policies, coupled with poor implementation and fear of difficulties. All these problems lead to the difficulty and slow effect of the measures. To solve these chronic problems, we should closely focus on the idea of whice “S&T policy should be firmly implemented” and coordinate the construction of national innovation system, as well as the reform of open cooperation policy on STI. Focus on adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee on S&T, persevering in promoting opening up, accelerating the optimization of policies and systems to attract overseas talents, improving the ability and level of global innovation resources allocation, supporting the global development of various STI platforms, and giving play to the role of enterprises as the main force of double cycle to precisely implement policy and give targeted treatment.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Promoting the integrated development of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain is of great significance to the high-quality development of the economy, and its essence is to reduce the various barriers faced by the flow of innovation elements across organizational boundaries, improve the allocation efficiency, better stimulate the main role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. This study analyzes “four chain” integration and puts forward the following suggestions. First, promote the systematic layout and systematic implementation of scientific and technological innovation policies. Second, explore the construction of “big science and technology intermediaries”, and build a deliberative decision-making mechanism and market-oriented pricing mechanism that conform to the law of innovation. Third, accelerate the formulation of implementation rules for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and clarify the boundaries of responsibilities and rights. Fourth, focus on the development needs of the industrial chain innovation chain, and make forward-looking deployment and construction of the talent chain. Fifth, strengthen the supporting role of fiscal and taxation policies in scientific and technological innovation. Sixth, strengthen the innovation of application scenarios and help increase the market acceptance of domestic new technologies and new products.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The EU Natura 2000 protected area network, covering nearly 19% of the land and 10% of the sea in the EU, has played an important role in protecting biodiversity and enhancing regional socio-economic well-being, and is regarded as the most successful protected area network in the world. Its successful experience is mainly reflected in five aspects. (1) The adoption of regional biodiversity conservation legislation and the promotion of compliance with the law by member countries to promote the construction of the protected area network. (2) The establishment of a decision-making and implementation mechanism that combines the EU resolution process and the participation of multiple subjects in the whole process, which enhances the scientificity of decision-making and the enthusiasm of all relevant subjects to participate. (3) The promoting strategic planning based on a holistic perspective to improve the connectivity and rational spatial layout of the protected area network. (4) The coordinating development goals, developing multi-channel funding sources, and promoting the formulation of scientific management plans for protected areas with a funding application and assessment system. And (5) the recording and disclosing protected area site data to help scientific research and management model innovation. These experiences have important implications for the selection of global biodiversity cooperative governance paths and models, China’s leadership in promoting the formulation of global biodiversity governance strategies and policies, and the construction and optimization of China’s protected areas system with national parks as the mainstay.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China’s national park reform has entered a new stage of promoting reform based on the protected area system. The national park team of the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) took the lead in putting forward the construction plan of the TP protected area, which is dominated by national park in area and function. The TP national park group, including “small group” which refer to national park, and “large group” which refer to different protected areas, innovates the long-term mechanism for the construction of national ecological security barriers on TP. The national park group requires the overall management of the group. Nevertheless, there are still problems on TP, not only within a single national park, but also among national parks and between national park and other protected areas. In line with the new requirements of the reform of the national park, and focusing on the problems of TP protected area system, it is needed to accelerate the establishment of a trans provincial management system led by the central government of the TP national park group, and improve the relevant supporting systems at the same time, such as the establishment of national park and the guarantee of financial funds. It is also necessary to coordinate the multiple objectives of ecological protection and driving the synchronous modernization of local herdsmen. The vast number of herdsmen should participate the management and operation and become the continuous beneficiaries and active supporters of the national park group.
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