Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 2015, the United Nations adopted the Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in which land degradation neutrality (LDN) is one of the important targets of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 15.3). However, due to varies indicative symptoms of land degradation in different climatic/geographical zones and land use types, the complexity of factors affecting land degradation or improvement, and the limits of spatial and temporal scope to define land degradation, for a long time, there was lack of common accepted methodology to identify land degradation, and short of key data set to establish reference baselines, and measure progress of SDG 15.3, which hinders the realization of SDG 15.3 by 2030. As a typical representative of a data-intensive scientific paradigm, Big Earth Data provides the possibility to solve this data gap. Focusing on two important aspects of SDG 15.3 reporting, namely baseline determination and progress monitoring, this article introduces the key challenges we faced, the potential of Big Earth Data and the practices we have taken. Finally, the prospects for harnessing Big Earth Data to facilitate SDG 15.3 in the future are outlined.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Desert Ecosystem Research Network in China now is consist of 26 national ecological stations, the network layout covers the eight major deserts, the four major sandy lands, the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the karst and other special environments, and undertakes the tasks of positioning observation, monitoring and evaluation, scientific research, demonstration services and base construction of desert ecosystems in China by more than 20 years’ establishment. Relying on the network of ecological stations, large desert and Gobi comprehensive scientific investigations are organized to fill the final blank of desert scientific research in China; the Chinese scheme of comprehensive desertification control is explored, the classical models of the four typical regions are integrated, and industry and discipline standards are formulated. In the new era, the network of desert ecological stations should be based on the advantages of the industry, strengthen the network-connected cooperation, optimize the layout of the network, improve observation technology, expand the scale of research, face the major strategic needs of the country, serve regional social and economic development, answer social and scientific concerns, and provide all-round scientific and technological support for the achievement of the 2030 sustainable development goals.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Desert is the typical original ecosystem in arid and semi-arid zones of China and is characterized by its unique structure, functions and services. This study, based on the national forestry standard Assessment Criteria of Desert Ecosystem Services in China and the fifth National Desertification and Sandification Monitoring data, first estimated the total value of China’s desert ecosystem services in 2014 to be 4227.9 billion CNY (in 2014 prices), of which, wind break and sand fixation, hydrological regulation, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration consisted of 40.1%, 24.2%, 18.1% and 17.0%, respectively, and biodiversity conservation and landscape recreation together accounted for less than 1%. By eliminating the impacts of price change, the real value of China’s desert ecosystem services was increased by 120.2 billion CNY (in 2014 prices) from 2009 to 2014, of which improvement in wind break and sand fixation service contributed the most (by 47.5%). We tried to measure the equilibrium degree of ecological protection and economic growth by the ratio of ecosystem service value to GDP. The ratios of the provincial regions wholly or partly covered by desert ecosystem all decreased during 2009 and 2014, with a decrease range between 19.4% and 38.8%, which indicates that the speed of desert ecosystem function raising and service enhancement was slower than regional economic growth. The protection and rehabilitation of desert ecosystem needs to be accelerated along with economic growth, thus a higher equilibrium degree of economic growth and function raising and service enhancement of desert ecosystem can be achieved in the northwestern arid and semi-arid regions in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Desertification, since initial recognition in 1927 and common definition in 1992, through its vicissitudes, is still one of the serious global environmental issues face the world and exists as the bottleneck of the development. Desertification threats the terrestrial ecological security and limits the sustainability of socio-economic development. In consideration of the impacts of desertification, an “Earth Cancer” and a persistent disease, the authors contribute four prescriptions of “good medicines” for the global initiatives to combat desertification, on the basic framework of Chinese strategies and experiences of “four horizontal beams and eight pillars”, in line with the 15.3 goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); namely, development of Protocol of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and unification of Weights and Measures” (benchmarks and indicators) of the implementation and compliance of the UNCCD; setting up of global observation network to monitor the area change of dryland change; compilation of global natural desert (heritage) directory to leave behind landscape of aboriginal sand sea for future generations; initiation of “global governance action to combat desertification” to strive for achieving the target of Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) at 2030.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：
: β diversity reflects the different composition of species between communities and is prevalent topic in ecological research. Based on the community survey sites in Beishan and Manongshan areas of Dunhuang of Bray-Curtis index of 79 plants, this study analyzed the relationship between community and climatic factors, soil factors and geographical distance. The results showed a geographical decay pattern of plant communities in the Beishan and Manongshan areas of Dunhuang, and the β diversity was dominated by βsim. The β diversity and its turnover components were significantly affected by climate, soil, and geographical distance. Multiple regression analysis (MRM) showed that climate, and soil factors and geographical distance affected β diversity and its turnover components differently, and the effects of climate and soil factors were more important than the geographical distance. These results indicated that β diversity of plant community species in the Beishan and Manongshan areas of Dunhuang resulted from habitat filtration and dispersal restriction. Species composition of communities differed greatly, and habitat filtration accounted for a large proportion of species turnover
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-04-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：利用柴达木盆地8个气象站1960—2014年气温和降水的日值数据，分析该区域极端气候的时空变化趋势、周期特征及极端降水对南亚季风和西风环流变化的响应。结果表明：1960—2014年柴达木盆地极端温度总体表现出显著的变暖趋势，变化幅度在空间上表现为由西向东逐渐降低；极端降水频率、降水量和降水强度均有所增加，但中西部地区变化速率远小于东部，仅连续无雨日数通过了显著性检验。平均温差、霜冻日数、冷夜日数的周期特征较弱，结冰日数和生长季日数的显著周期都有变长的趋势，而最低气温的显著周期有变短趋势；极端降水指标均有显著的周期特征，其中连续无雨日数和最大5日降水量的显著周期有变短趋势。同时，南亚季风环流与各极端降水指标间相关振荡的凝聚性很强，具有较强的关联性；而西风环流只与普通日降水强度存在着较强的共振关系。研究结果可为柴达木盆地可持续发展和生态环境保护提供理论与实践参考。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2020-01-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： 利用土壤深层水分渗漏仪和水分自动监测系统获取相应的监测数据，分析干旱区季节性河流（库姆塔格沙漠东南部崔木土沟）沟道内部的洪水入渗过程及不同深度土壤水分变化规律。结果表明：① 河道内以砂粒为主，土壤最大持水量在26.08%～31.75%。② 监测期内，每次洪水过程，水分均能入渗到200 cm以下的土层，但50 cm以下土层的水分入渗基本为非饱和入渗；每次入渗过程，湿润锋到达土层的深度与入渗时间具有良好的线性相关关系，但这一相关关系在春、夏季具有明显的分异，春季水分入渗更为缓慢。③ 监测期内，160 cm土层共出现4次明显的连续渗漏过程，渗漏总量为2 165.8 mm，最大渗漏强度为21.4 mm·（2h）-1，160 cm土壤水分渗漏速率随土壤水分含量增加呈指数增加趋势，但每次开始出现连续渗漏的土壤初始含水率并不一致。该研究可为进一步揭示干旱区河流廊道生态系统生存、变化提供了科学支撑。
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