Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The dual system model of behavior learning recognizes two distinct systems: goal-directed system and habitual system. The goal-directed system, encoding the action-outcome behavior, is associated with caudate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The habitual system, concerning stimulus-response behaviors, is associated with the putamen and supplementary motor area (SMA). Research paradigms for these two behavioral learning systems mainly include outcome devaluation and contingency degradation paradigms. A large number of studies have found a dynamic defect of goal-direct learning system and habitual learning system in obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, addiction and other mental disorders.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2023-02-27 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： Rural territorial space security is not only an important part of the national security system but also the focus of territorial space planning and an important basis for realizing ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization. In addition to regional, comprehensive, and complex characteristics, rural space security has typical dynamic characteristics. Rural spaces in different periods have faced security challenges with different development goals. It is a novel exploration of the microgeographic scale to study territorial space security based on rural space. Therefore, this study takes the loess hilly region as the research area. Based on remote sensing data and statistical data, the rural territorial space security of 323 administrative villages in 18 townships in Lintao County of Dingxi City, Gansu Province, China, was quantitatively evaluated using the entropy method and spatial autocorrelation analysis method, and with the help of geographic detectors, factors affecting rural territorial space security were identified. In addition, due to the geographical particularity of the selected study area, this study fully considers the regionality and localization of the indicators in constructing the relevant evaluation index system, which makes the evaluation results more scientific. The results are as follows: (1) The overall rural territorial space security is at a moderate level in Lintao, with the level of living space security> production space security>ecological space security. Villages with a high safety level (69.73% ) are primarily distributed in the irrigated agricultural areas of the Tao River Valley, whereas villages with a low safety level (30.27% ) are primarily distributed in the dry farming areas in the northern and eastern hilly and mountainous areas of the county. (2) The rural territorial space security in Lintao County has obvious spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial distribution is dominated by three types: high-high (18.52% ), low-high (0.62% ), and low-low (9.26% ). The spatial correlation between villages in the county is mainly positive correlation type and exhibits obvious agglomeration and distribution characteristics. The negative correlation types of village and town units are less distributed and more scattered, indicating their weaker spatial heterogeneity. (3) Topography, population size, government investment, and locational connections have a significant impact on the level of rural territorial space security, and the degree of impact on different townships varies. Based on these findings, subsequent research can focus on the long-term evolution process of rural territorial space security and its driving mechanism and pay attention to the understanding and change of rural territorial space security by different subjects (countries and villagers) in different periods. In the next step, attention should also be paid to the implementation and assessment system of rural territorial space security construction, and explore the establishment of a more rational and fair territorial space security evaluation system to more effectively promote the management practice of territorial space and provide services for the sustainable development of territorial space.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：通过探究不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳的营养成分及矿物元素含量变化，旨在为其开发利用提供理论依据。采用国家标准方法对不同生长时期（60、90、120、150日龄）虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分（水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、多糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸）及矿物元素[5种常量元素——钠（Na）、钾（K）、镁（Mg）、铝（Al）、钙（Ca）和8种微量元素——铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、硒（Se）、锰（Mn）、镉（Cd）、砷（As）、锶（Sr）]的含量（干物质基础）进行测定。结果表明：不同生长时期时，粗灰分均是虎斑乌贼内壳的主要成分，含量为89.98%~92.06%，其含量随着生长不断增加，表现为150日龄时显著高于其他日龄时（P<0.05）；粗蛋白质的含量为2.82%~3.11%，其含量随着生长不断增加，表现为150日龄时显著高于60日龄时（P<0.05）；水分含量为3.93%~6.21%，其含量随着生长不断降低，表现为60日龄时显著高于其他日龄时（P<0.05）；相对于其他营养成分，虎斑乌贼内壳中其中粗脂肪、多糖含量较少，分别为0.41%~0.47%、0.34%~0.38%。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中均检测出17种氨基酸，其中7种必需氨基酸（EAA）。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中总氨基酸（TAA）、EAA和酸性氨基酸（AAA）含量分别为2.79%~2.93%、0.87%~0.98%和0.69%~0.87%，其中AAA含量随着生长不断增加，表现为150日龄时显著高于其他日龄时（P<0.05）。各生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳中均以谷氨酸（Glu）含量（0.31%~0.43%）最高，组氨酸（His）含量（0.03%~0.07%）最低。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中均检测出7种脂肪酸，包括3种饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、1种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和3种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）；在脂肪酸组分中以C22:6n-3、C16:0和C18:0为主，其中C22:6n-3含量（35.68%~37.62%）最高。生长时期对常量元素Na、Mg、Al和Ca及微量元素Cu、Zn和Sr含量有显著影响（P<0.05），尤其是Ca、Mg、Zn含量，随着生长不断增加；重金属元素Cd、As含量很低，分别为0.001~0.003 mg/g和0.012~0.030 mg/g。综上所述，虎斑乌贼内壳营养丰富，Ca、Mg、Zn含量高，且随着生长不断增加，具有良好的开发应用前景。
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