Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2024-04-11
Abstract： Font emphasis has been demonstrated to attract attention and to facilitate language processing at all levels in young adults, and it may also help the elderly reduce the negative effects of declining working memory and visual ability. While there are considerable discrepancies in emotional information processing between the elderly and younger adults and the previous findings have been almost focused on neutral sentences, the present study aimed to examine the effects of font emphasis on emotional information processing and its aging changes. In the study, the author designed a sentence reading task in which sentences were embedded with keywords. The experimental sentences consist of 8-13 words, and the keywords which the emphasis status was controlled were all two-word verbs. In the emphasized condition, the keywords were presented in red font, and the other words in the sentence were presented in black font. In the control condition, all words of the sentence were presented in black font. In addition, the emotionality of the keywords was manipulated to be negative, positive, and neutral. We recruited 24 older adults (60-68 years old) and an equal number of younger adults (18-29 years old) to record prefrontal cortex activation while they read. In the experiment, sentences were presented word by word using a fixed-step paradigm. And the hemodynamic responses of the participants’ prefrontal cortex were recorded by using the LIGHTNIRS. Both HbO and HbR data were analyzed. The data were processed by using the NIRS_KIT software, and task-related β-values were calculated for the different conditions using general linear model. To obtain a clearer picture of the extent to which brain activation is enhanced during emotional processing, the β-values in the emotional condition were subtracted from those in the neutral condition. The HbR results showed that there was a significant interaction among age, emotion and font status in channels 8 and 16 (located at the right ventrolateral prefrontal lobe; rVLPFC). Further analyses revealed that in the control condition, compared to young adults, older adults showed a trend toward lower activation on the rVLPFC when reading positive words and higher activation when reading negative words. In the emphasized condition, the activation differences between older and younger adults disappeared. By observing the data, it can be found that when reading positive words, font emphasis leads to an upward trend in the activation of this brain region in older people and a decrease in activation in younger people; when reading negative words, font emphasis leads to a decrease in activation intensity in older people and an increase in activation intensity in younger people. These findings provide evidence that font emphasis, dependent on rVLPFC, captures attention in a bottom-up manner during emotional information processing, enhances readers’ appraisal and integration of emotional information, and facilitates controlled processing of emotional information. Furthermore, font emphasis has a different mechanism for older versus younger adults. Font emphasis produces positive affective effects in older adults, but stimulates negative affective preferences in younger adults.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-04-17 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： The existing technologies for protecting IPv6 nodes by address hopping rely on time synchronization or event synchronization, utilizing the good mobility feature of IPv6 and multiple care-of address registration mechanisms, this paper proposed a proactive defense scheme of IPv6 based on virtual mobile. By assigning a dynamically changing care-of address to an IPv6 node, the IPv6 node presented the continuously moving feature in the network, reduced the attack probability of an attacker, and ensured the continuity of communications. Theoretical analysis and experimental tests show that the scheme has good anti-attack ability and less system overhead.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-04-17 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： In order to test the defensive capability of IPv6 firewall to against potential IPv6 network threats, this paper studied IPv6 firewall defensive capability testing technology. Through the research of IPv6 protocol, this paper constructed five kinds of test packets with security risks, such as ICMPv6, single extended header, multi-extension header, fragmentation and address scopes, proposed a firewall testing framework with C/S architecture, built independent test modules for every kind of testing based the framework and test packets, set up test environments that can be used to test stateful firewalls, and provided appropriate test methods. Using the method, this paper tested a Cisco ASA5505 firewall and found its advantages and disadvantages.
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