• 锡尔河流域哈萨克斯坦境内农田土壤 粒度特征及空间异质性

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract: This article takes the farmland soils in the Syr Darya River Basin of Kazakhstan as the research object, combining classical statistics and geostatistics methods, and investigates the characteristics of soil grain size and spatial heterogeneity in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Results showed that the distribution characteristics of soil particles with different particle sizes in each study area were similar, and the average content of particles with particle sizes of 0.25-0.05 mm and 0.05-0.01 mm is the highest. Except for subzone 3, the content of soil particles with a particle size of 1.0-0.25 mm has strong variability, while that of other sizes has a moderate degree of variability; Except for soil particles with a particle size of 1.0-0.05 mm in subzone 1, the nugget coefficient of soil particle content of other particle sizes is all < 40%, and that of each particle size in subzone 2 is all < 50%, in subzone 3, except for soil particles with a particle size of < 0.001 mm, the nugget coefficient of soil particle content of other particle sizes is < 40%. These findings revealed that the composition of soil particles in each study area has been affected by varying degrees of random factors; The Kriging interpolation method was used to interpolate the content of soil particles of different sizes in the study area. The interpolation results showed that the content of soil particles of different sizes in the study area demonstrated different distribution characteristics in the spatial distribution. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the rational use of farmland soil and the improvement of degraded soil.

  • 基于Cubist 模型的天山北坡草地鼠群密度时空分布特征

    Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2022-08-09 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:鼠害是影响草原生态健康的重要因素,了解小型啮齿动物种群密度时空分布特征,对精准的鼠害综合防治具有重要意义。以往对小型啮齿动物时空分布的研究多局限于静态的站点分布或小范围的种群密度时间变化分析,缺乏对较大时空尺度小型啮齿动物种群密度变化的分析。从已发表的文献中收集了天山北坡草地19822015年小尺度的有效洞口密度实地调查信息,同时结合环境因子数据,再根据海拔将研究区划分为900 m和>900 m 2类,运用Cubist模型和随机森林模型,分析有效洞口密度时空分布。结果表明:(1)19822015年天山北坡海拔900 m地区的有效洞口密度总体呈增加趋势,而海拔>900 m的地区总体呈减少趋势。基于Cubist模型构建有效洞口密度与环境因子的模型拟合精度明显优于随机森林模型。(2)植被状况、气象因子和放牧强度是天山北坡有效洞口密度时空分布主要的环境驱动因素。在天山北坡内海拔900 m和>900 m的地区中,有效洞口密度的驱动机制存在着显著差异。(3)在海拔900 m地区,影响有效洞口密度时空分布主要是叶面积指数,而对于海拔>900 m地区为归一化植被指数。这可能是受到大沙鼠(Rhom⁃bomys opimus)和黄兔尾鼠(Eolagurus luteus)消耗不同类型植被的影响。

  • 南疆盆地亏缺灌溉和覆膜对油莎豆 生物量及产量的影响

    Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Other Disciplines of Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science submitted time 2022-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:研究南疆盆地油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)滴灌覆膜的效果和最适宜的灌溉制度,为构建南疆盆地油莎豆节水高产管理栽培模式提供参考。通过1 a的试验,在覆膜(M)和不覆膜(NM)条件下,设置3种水分处理水平,即:CK 处理(对照,以当地常用灌溉量 5316.45 m3 hm-2 )、T1 处理(灌溉量为 3431.40 m3 hm-2)和 T2 处理(灌溉量为4133.85 m3hm-2 ),灌溉频率为6~10 d,研究覆膜和水分控制对油莎豆生长、品质、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)油莎豆的密度受水处理的影响显著(P<0.05),而根冠比受水处理影响不显著(P>0.05)。(2)覆膜处理的草粗脂肪、可溶性淀粉、可溶性糖含量比未覆膜平均提高58.82%、3.35%和17.20%,覆膜处理块茎的粗脂肪含量、可溶性淀粉、可溶性糖含量均高于未覆膜的,分别增加了7.48%、2.56%和2.55%,且水处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),但是均在T2处理达到最大。(3)产量和水分利用效率随灌溉量增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中覆膜条件下, T2处理的草和块茎的产量最大,分别为 3974.55 kghm-2和 5253.85 kghm-2,较 CK 处理分别显著增加 6.45%和 36.95%(P<0.05),较未覆膜条件下, T2和CK平均产量显著增加29.41%和34.76%(P<0.05),水分利用效率也在T2处理达到最大值,其中覆膜处理下,草和块茎在T2处理的水分利用效率较CK显著提高38.63%和34.33%(P<0.05);与T2(覆膜)处理相比,未覆膜条件下CK、T2处理的草和块茎的水分利用效率分别显著提高38.91%和34.33%(P<0.05),覆膜处理对草的水分利用效率差异不显著(P>0.05),但是对块茎的水分利用效率差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,在覆膜条件下,灌溉定额为133.85 m3 hm-(2T2)时,不仅提高了油莎豆的品质和产量,也提高了水分利用效率,节约水资源。