分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2017-11-02
摘要： An improved algebraic reconstruction technique(ART) with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS) is presented in this paper for determining two-dimensional distribution of H2O concentration and temperature in a simulated combustion flame. This work aims to simulate the reconstruction of spectroscopic measurements by a multi-view parallel-beam scanning geometry and analyze the effects of projection rays on reconstruction accuracy. It finally proved that reconstruction quality dramatically increases with increasing number of projection rays until they are more than 180 for 20×20 grid, and after that point, the number of projection rays has little impact on reconstruction accuracy. It is clear that the temperature reconstruction results are more accurate than the water vapor concentration by traditional concentration calculation method, the study in this article also proposed an innovative way to reduce the error of concentration reconstruction and improve the reconstruction quality greatly, the capability of this new method is evaluated by appropriate assessment parameters. By using this new approach, the concentration reconstruction accuracy is not only badly improved, but also a suitable parallel-beam arrangement is put forward for sake of high reconstruction accuracy and simplicity of experimental validation. At last, a bimodal structure of combustion region is assumed to demonstrate the robustness and universality of the proposed method. Numerical investigation indicates that the proposed TDLAS tomographic algorithm is capable for accurate temperature and concentration profiles detection, this feasible formula for reconstruction research is expected to resolve several key issues in practical combustion devices.
分类： 生物学 >> 生物进化论 提交时间： 2024-07-16
摘要： The Tyrannosauridae, which is characterized by specialized pachydont dentition and putative bone-cracking predatory strategies, is one of the most extensively studied theropod lineages. Although tooth replacement patterns, crucial for understanding feeding behaviors, have been thoroughly studied in this group, studies on non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids are relatively scarce. This study utilizes high-resolution CT data to investigate the tooth replacement pattern in two specimens of Guanlong wucaii, a Late Jurassic tyrannosauroid, and provides insights into the evolution of tooth replacement across Tyrannosauroidea. Second-generation replacement teeth, a rarity observed mainly in giant predatory theropods (e.g. some tyrannosaurids), were detected in the dentary dentition of the juvenile Guanlong. Zahnreihen reconstructions display a consistent cephalad alternating tooth replacement pattern in the maxilla and the dentary of both of the examined individuals, with Z-spacing values exceeding 2.0. As Guanlong grows, the Z-spacing value in the maxillary dentition increases, resembling the ontogenetic changes documented in the Tyrannosauridae. Additionally, like Tarbosaurus, Guanlong also displays a discontinuity between the tooth replacement waves at the premaxilla-maxilla boundary. This study thus demonstrates that some tyrannosaurid-like tooth replacement patterns were acquired before the origin of the Tyrannosauridae.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-02
摘要： The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is designed to precisely measure the properties of the Higgs boson, study electroweak interactions at the Z-boson peak, and search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. As a component of the 4th Conceptual CEPC detector, the drift chamber facilitates the measurement of charged particles. This study implemented a Geant4-based simulation and track reconstruction for the drift chamber. For the simulation, detector construction and response were implemented and added to the CEPC simulation chain. The development of track reconstruction involved track finding using the Combinatorial Kalman Filter method and track fitting using the tool of GenFit. Using the simulated data, the tracking performance was studied. The results showed that both the reconstruction resolution and tracking efficiency satisfied the requirements of the CEPC experiment.
分类： 物理学 >> 交叉学科物理及相关领域的科学与技术 提交时间： 2024-01-17
摘要： A 20-kiloton liquid scintillator detector is designed in the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) for multiple physics purposes, including the determination of the neutrino mass ordering through reactor neutrinos, as well as measuring supernova neutrinos, solar neutrinos, and atmosphere neutrinos to explore different physics topics. Efficient reconstruction algorithms are needed to achieve these physics goals in a wide energy range from MeV to GeV. In this paper, we present a novel method for reconstructing the energy of events using hit information from 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and the OCCUPANCY method. Our algorithm exhibits good performance in accurate energy reconstruction, validated with electron Monte Carlo samples spanning kinetic energies from 10~MeV to 1~GeV.
分类： 物理学 >> 电磁学、光学、声学、传热、经典力学和流体动力学 提交时间： 2023-09-06
摘要： Theaim of this researchis to reconstruct the 3D X-ray refractive index gradient mapsbythe proposed vector Radon transform and its inverse, assuming that the small-angle deviation condition is met. Theoretical analysesshowthat the X-ray beam can be modeled as a streamline with continuous change of direction in a rowwhen measured in one grating period, which allowsthe extraction of the refraction angle signals.Experimental results show thatall the 2D refraction signals of different directions can be acquired by a standard circular scanning procedure, which is typically used in the X-ray differential phase-contrast computed tomography. Furthermore, the 3D refractive index gradient maps that contain the directional density changes, can also be accurately reconstructed.
分类： 物理学 >> 电磁学、光学、声学、传热、经典力学和流体动力学 提交时间： 2018-11-11
摘要： Successive images of a scene are captured and then further processed to achieve the moving object tracking. However, due to modulation rate limitations of the spatial light modulator in single-pixel imaging (SPI) system, the imaging frame rate cannot meet the high-resolution and real-time requirements for object tracking. In this paper, we demonstrate a fast object tracking technique based on SPI with an ultra-low sampling rate that is independent of imaging. We construct modulation information that satisfies the projection conditions and can transform 2D images into 1D projection curves. The 1D projection curves, which provide the location information of the moving object, can be obtained with high resolution in real-time, and then the tracking of the moving object is realized. A background subtraction technique for tracking moving objects that removes static components from a scene is also proposed. The proposed technique is verified by computational simulations and laboratory experiments. In the laboratory experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to track moving objects with less than 0.2% of the measurements established by the Nyquist criterion, and it presents a resolution of 256×256 pixels at ~177 fps. The reported technique accelerates the tracking speed of SPI and provides an efficient strategy for remote sensing and biomedical applications.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-09
摘要： The performance and strategies used in electron reconstruction and selection at CMS are presented based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV at the CERN LHC. The paper focuses on prompt isolated electrons with transverse momenta ranging from about 5 to a few 100 GeV. A detailed description is given of the algorithms used to cluster energy in the electromagnetic calorimeter and to reconstruct electron trajectories in the tracker. The electron momentum is estimated by combining the energy measurement in the calorimeter with the momentum measurement in the tracker. Benchmark selection criteria are presented, and their performances assessed using Z, Upsilon, and J/psi decays into electron-positron pairs. The spectra of the observables relevant to electron reconstruction and selection as well as their global efficiencies are well reproduced by Monte Carlo simulations. The momentum scale is calibrated with an uncertainty smaller than 0.3%. The momentum resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays ranges from 1.7 to 4.5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 粒子加速器 提交时间： 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要： In order to improve aerodynamic performance and efficiency, monitoring the geometry and position information of the internal structure with the aero-engine under various operational statuses is an important task. In this paper, a novel design of industrial computed tomography (ICT) system with a linac as x-ray source is proposed to complete the task. The major advantage of the proposed system is that it can provide visualized images of internal structures of the running aero-engine without physical disturbance, which makes it possible to extract the accurate geometry information. The main idea behind this design is to measure the projection data from various views for reconstructions making use of the rotations of the aero-engine blades, instead of the mechanical rotations in the conventional ICT system. However, due to high speed rotation of the aero-engine blades, the system faces more challenges than conventional ICT systems both in data acquisitions and reconstruction algorithms. The challenges and corresponding solutions are presented in this paper. In conclusion, the proposed ICT system provides a powerful tool for monitoring the running aero-engines.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核材料与工艺技术 提交时间： 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要： Properties of two algorithms for iterative reconstruction of SPECT images, LS-MLEM and LS-OSEM,are studied and compared with the ML-EM algorithm in this paper. By using projection data of heavy-noise, their effectiveness in improving SPECT image quality is evaluated. A phantom with hot and cold lesion is used in the investigation. The reconstructed images using LS-MLEM or LS-OSEM show that there is not a rapid increase in image noise,and the best estimate is assuming that the reconstructed images satisfy the statistical model. The major advantage of using LS-MLEM or LS-OSEM algorithm in SPECT imaging is in their ability to accurately control for heavy-noise. And LS-OSEM algorithm obviously improves the convergence rate.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2021-12-31
摘要： The muon radiography imaging technique for high-atomic-number objects (Z) and large-volume objects via muon transmission imaging and muon multiple scattering imaging remains a popular topic in the field of radiation detection imaging. However, few imaging studies have been reported on low and medium Z objects at the centimeter scale. This paper presents an imaging system that consists of three layers of a position-sensitive detector and four plastic scintillation detectors. It acquires data by coincidence detection technique of cosmic-ray muon and its secondary particles. A 3D imaging algorithm based on the density of the coinciding muon trajectory was developed, and 4D imaging that takes the atomic number dimension into account by considering the secondary particle ratio information was achieved. The resultant reconstructed 3D images could distinguish between a series of cubes with 5-mm side lengths and 2-mm intervals. If the imaging time is more than 20 days, this method can distinguish intervals with a width of 1 mm. The 4D images can specify target objects with low, medium, and high Z values.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-13
GUO Yue
WANG Liang-Liang
JU Xu-Dong
WU Ling-Hui
XIU Qing-Lei
WANG Hai-Xia
DONG Ming-Yi
HU Jing-Ran
LI Wei-Dong
LI Wei-Guo
LIU Huai-Min
OU-YANG Qun
SHEN Xiao-Yan
YUAN Ye
ZHANG Yao
摘要： Considering the aging effects of existing Inner Drift Chamber (IDC) of BES\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral3}, a GEM based inner tracker is proposed to be designed and constructed as an upgrade candidate for IDC. This paper introduces a full simulation package of CGEM-IT with a simplified digitization model, describes the development of the softwares for cluster reconstruction and track fitting algorithm based on Kalman filter method for CGEM-IT. Preliminary results from the reconstruction algorithms are obtained using a Monte Carlo sample of single muon events in CGEM-IT.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 分类： 核科学技术 >> 核仪器、仪表 提交时间： 2024-02-07
摘要： A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector. To address the issue of long processing time in traditional offline position reconstruction methods, this paper proposes an FPGA-based online position reconstruction method, grounded in the micro time projection chamber principle. This method encapsulates key technical aspects: self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of delay chain length, fast sorting and coordinate matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory (RAM) addresses, and precise start point merging technique utilizing a circular combined RAM. The performance test of the self-adaptive serial link shows the bit error rate of the link is better than 10^-12 at a confidence level of 99%, ensuring reliable data transmission. The combined experiment of the readout electronics and the Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm, surpassing the current method's resolution level of 5 mm. The beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beam online, thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction method. The online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods such as bubble sorting and traversal searching, simplifying the design of logic firmware and reducing the time complexity from O(n^2) to O(n). This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 粒子加速器 提交时间： 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要： A direct incident fluence measurement method based on amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging device (a-Si EPID) has been developed for pretreatment verification of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The EPID-based incident fluence conversion method deconvolves EPID images to the primary response distribution based on measured lateral scatter kernels in the EPID detector using Conjugate Gradient algorithm. The primary response is converted to the incident fluence based on measured fluence conversion matrix which corrects for off-axis position dependence of the a-Si EPID response and the horn beam profile caused by flatting filter. To verify feasibility and accuracy of this method, square fields of various sizes and two IMRT plans were delivered. The dose distributions computed based on EPID-derived incident fluence were compared with the measurement data. For all square field sizes except the smallest field (2 cm), the mean dose differences in cross-line dose profiles were within 1% excluding the penumbra region, and gamma passing percentages with a 2%/2 mm criterion were about 99%. For two IMRT plans, the least gamma passing percentage for all eight IMRT fields was 98.14% with 2%/3 mm criteria. It can be concluded that our direct EPID-based incident fluence conversion method is accurate and capable of being applied to pretreatment dose verification in clinical routines.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 粒子加速器 提交时间： 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要： Direct demodulation method (DDM) was applied to reconstruct -ray spectra. Boosted Richardson-Lucy iteration was introduced into DDM. Monte Carlo method (here GEANT 4) was proposed to calibrate response function and establish response matrix. First, gauss function was regarded as total energy peak. Spectra line was simulated with nine gauss functions. And afterwards DDM was applied to reconstruct the simulated spectra line and determine peak positions and areas. Compared with original spectra, for case that peak position interval was about 1/3 full width half maximum (FWHM), the error of rebuilding peak position was 2 channels. The rest of peaks could be searched accurately. The relative errors of all peaks area were less than 4%. Then, three key factors, including noise, background, response matrix, were discussed. Finally, DDM was applied to calibrate the field NaI gamma spectrometer. The errors of U, Th, K were less than 5%. Comprehensive studies have shown that it is feasible to reconstruct gamma-ray spectra with DDM. DDM can significantly pseudo-improve energy resolution of gamma spectrometer, effectively decompose doublets whose peak potential interval is 1/3 FHWM, and accurately search peak and calculate areas. DDM can restrain noise strongly but is greatly influenced by background. And DDM can improve the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analysis in combination with the conventional spectrum analysis method.
分类： 动力与电气工程 >> 工程热物理学 提交时间： 2017-06-22 合作期刊: 《热科学学报》
摘要： Performance improvement was attained in data reconstructions of 2-dimensional tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART) algorithm was adopted for data reconstruction. The data obtained in an experiment for the measurement of temperature and concentration fields of gas flows were used. The measurement theory is based upon the Beer-Lambert law, and the measurement system consists of a tunable laser, collimators, detectors, and an analyzer. Methane was used as a fuel for combustion with air in the Bunsen-type burner. The data used for the reconstruction are from the optical signals of 8-laser beams passed on a cross-section of the methane flame. The performances of MART algorithm in data reconstruction were validated and compared with those obtained by Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) algorithm.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间： 2024-07-04
摘要： Cosmic-ray muons are highly penetrating background-radiation particles found in natural environments. In this study, we develop and test a plastic scintillator muon detector based on machine-learning algorithms. The detector underwent muon position-resolution tests at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou using a mul tiwire drift chamber (MWDC) experimental platform. In the simulation, the same structural and performance parameters were maintained to ensure the reliability of the simulation results. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm was used as the position-reconstruction algorithm owing to its optimal performance. The re sults of the Time Difference of Arrival algorithm were incorporated as one of the features of the GPR model to reconstruct the muon hit positions. The accuracy of the position reconstruction was evaluated by comparing the experimental results with Geant4 simulation results. In the simulation, large-area plastic scintillator detectors achieved a position resolution better than 20 mm. In the experimental-platform tests, the position resolutions of the test detectors were 27.9 mm. We also analyzed factors affecting the position resolution, including the crit ical angle of the total internal reflection of the photomultiplier tubes and distribution of muons in the MWDC. Simulations were performed to image both large objects and objects with different atomic numbers. The results showed that the system could image high- and low-Z materials in the constructed model and distinguish objects with significant density differences. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed system, thereby providing a new detector system for muon-imaging applications.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2023-07-06
摘要： Proton computed tomography (CT) has a distinct practical significance in clinical applications. It eliminates 35% errors caused by the transformation of Hounsfield unit (HU) to relative stopping power (RSP) valueswhen using X-ray CT for positioning andtreatment planning systems (TPSs). Following the development of FLASH proton therapy, there are increased requirements for accurate and rapid positioning in TPSs. Thus, anewrapid proton CT imaging mode is proposed based on sparsely sampled projections. The proton beam wasboosted to 350 MeV by a compact proton linear accelerator (linac). In this study,thecomparisons of the proton scattering with the energyof 350 MeV and 230 MeV are conducted based on GEANT4simulations.Asthe sparsely sampledinformation associated with beam acquisitions at 12angles is not enough for reconstruction, X-ray CT is used as a prior image. The RSP map generated by converting the X-ray CT was constructed based onMonte Carlo simulations. Consideringtheestimationof the most likely path (MLP), the prior image-constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) algorithm isused to reconstruct images from twodifferent phantoms using sparse protonprojections of 350 MeV parallel proton beam. The results show that it is feasible to realize the proton image reconstruction with the rapid protonCT imaging proposed in this paper. It can produce RSP maps withmuchhigher accuracy for TPSs and fast positioning to achieve ultra-fast imaging for real-time image-guided radiotherapy(IGRT) in clinical proton therapyapplications.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间： 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要： The Dragon-I linear induction accelerator (LIA) at China Academy of Engineering Physics generates 20 MeV flash X-rays mainly for radiography applications in fluid dynamics. Its spectral information is quite important for diagnostic X-ray imaging applications, but because of its short pulse and great radiation intensity, direct measurement is impossible. In this work, we propose a new method based on transmission measurements to obtain the flash X-ray spectrum. Pure iron cylinders were used as attenuation material, and alanine dosimeters were attached on their rear bottom to record the dose after different degrees of attenuation. Iterative least square method was used to unfold the spectrum, while Geant4 Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the X-ray spectrum. The unfolded spectrum and the simulated spectrum have a high degree of consistency, with the reduced chi-square value of 0.044. This shows that the method is reliable in estimating megavoltage high-intensity X-ray spectrum.
分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2022-11-25 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： The pelvic morphology, and whether the pelvic fin is present or absent in the earliest jawed vertebrates are key in interpreting the origin of vertebrate paired fins. Parayunnanolepis xitunensis, an antiarch placoderm from the Early Devonian of Yunnan, South China, was previously described to possess the earliest evidence of both dermal and endoskeletal pelvic girdles, presumably for the attachment of the pelvic fins. Here, we redescribe the pelvic region of the holotype based on high-resolution computed tomographic data. Instead of having two large plates previously designated as dermal pelvic girdles, Parayunnanolepis possesses three pairs of lateral pelvic plates, and one large oval median pelvic plate. The paired pelvic plates are flat ventral plates, and differ from other dermal pelvic girdles in lacking a dorsal extension. There is no definitive evidence for the presence of an endoskeletal pelvic girdle in Parayunnanolepis, although the possibility cannot be ruled out. A comparison of the dermal pelvic plates in various jawed stem-gnathostomes suggests the presence of both paired and median pelvic plates is shared by different lineages and might be plesiomorphic. The jawed stem-gnathostomes may have recruited the ventral dermal skeleton of the post-thoracic body into different functional units.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地球科学史 提交时间： 2018-10-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Regional tree-ring width chronology of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was constructed from 8 sites in the forest-steppe belt situated in the foothills of the Selenga River basin, Russia. Moisture information contained in tree-ring width chronology was obtained through linear regression reconstruction models of annual August–July precipitation and annual water discharge of the Selenga River during the period 1767–2015. Comparison of the smoothed series allowed estimating long-term variation component of these moisture regime parameters with a high precision. At the same time, regional drought indices are less correlated with pine radial growth, because they have contribution of the other environmental variables, which are much less reflected in the tree-ring of the investigated pine forest stands. Reconstructed dynamic of the moisture regime parameters is supported by documental evident of many socially significant events in the regional history, such as crop failures caused by both droughts and floods, and catastrophic fire in the Irkutsk City in 1879. Also, dependence of the amount of precipitation in the study area on the atmospheric circulation in Central Asia is revealed to have a similar pattern with other regions, i.e., a negative relationship of precipitation with the development of large high atmospheric pressure area within its center in the Altai and Tianshan mountains.
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