Subjects: Other Disciplines submitted time 2024-07-16
Abstract： Most of the previous studies on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have used questionnaires and behavioral experiments, and more objective ERP, near-infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques have been used to study the attention deficits in children with ADHD in-depth, which have demonstrated the neurological basis for the existence of the attention processing deficits, but they have not explored and investigated further whether the attention processing deficits are in the early or late stages of the attentional processing process. Examining the neural mechanisms of visuospatial attention span in children with ADHD using event-related potential techniques is an effective pathway to exploring this central theme. Research hypotheses: (1) Children in the ADHD group and control children will be significantly more correct in the small range than in the large range condition of the cue-size task, and will be significantly faster in response time than in the large range condition. (2) If children in the ADHD group have an attentional deficit in attentional range processing, it is predicted that this deficit is not present in the early perceptual stage but in the late cognitive control stage, and that it will be reflected primarily in the P3 component./t/nNineteen children in the ADHD group aged 7-9 years were screened from 1229 students in an elementary school using the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (SNAP-IV Parent Version) and the Conners’ Child Behavior Questionnaire (PSQ Parent Version), and 19 children in the control group, who were of comparable age and intelligence level, were also selected. The neural mechanisms of visuospatial attention in the ADHD and control groups were examined using a cue-size task paradigm. The experimental design was a 2 (participant type: ADHD group, control group) × 2 (cue stimulus type: large range, small range) mixed design. Where participant type (ADHD group, control group) was the between-group variable and cue stimulus type (large range, small range) was the within-group variable. The dependent variables were the correct rate and response time in the large-range condition and the small-range condition and the mean amplitude of the P1, N2, and P3 components of the EEG data elicited./t/nThe results showed that children in the ADHD group were significantly less correct during the attentional range cue size task compared to children in the control group; on the P1 component, activation on P1 was significantly higher in both groups in the small range condition than in the large range condition, and in the large range condition, children in the control group induced a more correct positive wave on P1 than children in the ADHD group; on the N2 component, activation on N2 was higher in the small range condition than in the large range, with a nonsignificant difference between the two groups; on the P3 component, positive activation was significantly higher in the small range condition than in the large range condition in children in the ADHD group, with a nonsignificant difference in the control group, and corrected P3 positive waves were induced by children in the control group compared to children in the ADHD group in the large range condition, with no significant difference in the small range condition./t/nThe conclusions shows that, firstly, the correct rates of children in the ADHD group were significantly lower than those of the control group in both the large and small range conditions, indicating that there were deficits in visuospatial attentional range processing in children in the ADHD group, and the correct rates of the two groups were significantly higher than those in the large range condition in the small range condition, and the response times were significantly faster than those in the large range condition, which verified the Spotlight Theory of Attention. Second, compared with the control group, children in the ADHD group had attentional deficits in attentional range processing, and such deficits existed mainly in the late cognitive control stage of attentional processing. This was characterized by deficits in response inhibition and cognitive control of limited attentional resources and inadequate information processing.
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Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2023-09-03
Abstract： Time Perspective (TP) is a crucial psychological framework that allows individuals to classify, organize, and manage their life and social experiences. Achieving a balance between the past, present, and future is essential for optimizing social adaptation, facilitating well-being, and promoting mental health. However, the theoretical framework and underlying mechanisms linking balanced time perspective (BTP) to mental health remain unclear due to the lack of clarity in its concept and limited measurement methods. Based on the review of existing studies, a dual-pathway theoretical framework has been developed. This framework encompasses different conceptual orientations of BTP and could serve to clarify the direct and indirect paths, as well as the potential boundary conditions, between the 'time shift orientation' and 'general healthy orientation' aspects of BTP and mental health. Future research should aim to clearly distinguish between these different conceptual orientations of BTP, focus on developing measurement methods for 'time shift orientation' BTP, and deepen both theoretical and empirical exploration of BTP and mental health, particularly within the context of Chinese culture.
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