Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The network spillover effect of knowledge has been playing an increasingly significant role in the development of industrial innovation. The urban cooperation matrix of China’s new energy automobile industry is built based on new energy automobile patent data, and the structure and evolution process of China’s new energy automobile industry are depicted. On this basis, the spatial Dubin model (SDM) is used to calculate the network spillover effect, and its results are compared with the results of spillover effect based on the relationship of spatial contiguity and distance of cities. The results show that the innovation activities of China’s new energy automobile industry have begun to take shape, and a certain scale of innovation network has been formed. However, the innovation cooperation among cities and enterprises is not close. The innovation activities of new energy automobile industry are mainly concentrated in large cities, and from such cities, the innovation activities have strongly radiation to surrounding regions. The R&D investment of enterprises plays the key role in promoting the innovation and development of the local new energy automobile industry, but it has not produced significant spillover effect on the countrywide scale.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Constructing innovation networks and cultivating innovation corridors are important to realize regional innovation development. Based on the data of patent transfer from 1987 to 2018, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of technology transfer network at different scales in the Yellow River Basin, and proposes the cultivation path of Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xi’an innovation corridor. Firstly, it is found that a majority of technology transfer within the basin is switching from inter-provincial transfer to intra-provincial transfer, with provincial capitals being the main source of technology. Xi’an is the primary source of technology transfer network, and cities, such as Zhengzhou, Qingdao, and Jinan, are secondary sources. Moreover, the technology sources outside the Yellow River Basin are mainly located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other developed urban agglomerations. In addition, Xi’an, Jinan, Qingdao and other high-level central cities have become the main receiving areas of technology transfer. This study concludes that the construction of inter-provincial innovation network should focus on the construction of Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xi’an innovation corridor, in order to realize the matching and coordination of industrial technological advantages and technological demands of different cities, promote the construction of Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xi’an high-quality development cooperation belt, and then accelerate the innovation-driven development process of the Yellow River Basin.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Science and technology innovation center plays an important role in transforming the mode of economic development and enhancing industrial competitiveness. The formation and development of science and technology innovation center depend on the gathering of innovative talents, the support of first-rate universities and research institutions, and the cooperation and mutual promotion between innovation organizations and enterprises. In the course of future development, China should build a multi-level network system of science and technology innovation centers with international centers which can connect to global innovation networks, national centers which are capable of leading national science and technology research and development and technology transfer, regional centers which can promote regional development of science and technology and high-tech industrialization, and local centers which can promote development of technological innovation and industrial with local characteristics. Meanwhile, innovative milieu with openness and inclusion, attraction to talents and the construction of top universities and research institutions are all important to the construction of the science and technology innovation center. On the basis of taking enterprises as the main body of innovation activities, planning and building various scientific research and development, innovation and industrialization platform should be implemented by government to incubate a group of leading scientific and technological innovation enterprises with global influence.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As green and low-carbon transition has gained world-wide recognition and become the inherent requirement of fully building a modern socialist China, the consumption of critical metals will increase drastically in the next decades. Meanwhile, this will mean a continually increasing potential of critical metals recycling. Facing changes and pandemic unseen in a century and increasing geopolitical conflicts, it has become a strategic consensus on the national security level for Western countries like the United States and Europe Union to acknowledge and enhance the role of recycling in secure provision of critical metals. Here, in this article, we have discussed the future potentials and major challenges of critical metals recycling and reviewed the strategies proposed by the main industrialized countries. Based on this, we aim to help formulate China’s national strategies and countermeasures regarding critical metals recycling and thus contribute to supporting the achievement of China’s “dual carbon” ambition and its green and low-carbon transition in the next decades.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Quarantine and isolation are effective means to prevent transmission of COVID-19, but the problems arised during the period of quarantine and isolation are worth pondering. This article first streamlines five types of problems during the recent period of quarantine and isolation. Based on a brief review of related research on domestic and international literature, the article argues that it will be a suitable approach to carry out research from the perspective of spatial organization combined with the concept of systems theory. Then, it explores the reasons of the aforementioned problems from the objective laws of spatial organization and systems theory. It points out that the lack of systematical consideration of quarantine and isolation decisions in theory and the absence of preparations for switching from normal to abnormal status in practice are the fundamental reasons. Finally, three policy suggestions have been proposed from the perspectives of the optimization of spatial organization system, the enhancement of infrastructure and capabilities, and the backup mechanism and drills.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The research infrastructure is the basic and strategic platform of scientific and technological innovation. In the last decade, China’s research infrastructure has achieved leapfrog development in the level of observation, manufacturing, management, data acquisition, data sharing and utilization, which supports China’s scientific and technological innovation activities at a higher level. Looking into the future, the scientific research paradigm is transforming. The network, data, and computing platform will not only support the development of major science and technology infrastructure and field stations in larger, more accurate, and more advanced approach, but also contribute to the transformation of scientific research paradigm. It will become an “accelerator” and “multiplier” for major scientific and technological breakthroughs. It is also the key support for China to become the forefront of innovative countries and to enter the world’s science and technology strength.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Improving carbon sequestration capacity through ecological construction is one of the important ways to achieve the goal of “carbon neutrality” in China. Based on the analysis of the current situation and trend of ecological carbon sequestration in China, this study summarizes the main challenges in the increment of ecosystem carbon sink in China. The current situation and trend, the significant carbon sequestration capacity of forests, the recovery phase of carbon sequestration capacity of grassland, and the carbon sequestration benefits of major ecological projects are also surveyed. Then, the new challenges of China are analyzed, including the backlog of over-mature forests affecting the carbon sequestration capacity of forests, the limited land area suitable for planting forests and grasses, the less diversified investment mechanism of ecological engineering, the imperfect supporting policies and measures for ecological carbon sequestration, and the increasing demand for forest products. To make sure the “peak carbon emissions” and “carbon neutrality” goals reached as schedule, the study points out that it is necessary to optimize the layout of ecological construction and to improve the capacity of ecological carbon sequestration through the optimization of the internal structure of ecosystem and the regional coordination of ecological construction. In terms of the optimization of the internal structure of the ecosystem, several policy suggestions are put forward: restarting orderly renewal and forests logging, enhancing the ecological carbon sequestration capacity of the grassland, and fully implementing the water diversion project on the western line. For example, some related research suggestions are proposed on forest management, including redesigning the forest regeneration route, conducting pilot programs in some forest areas, constructing modern standard system of forest logging, and improving basic facilities of intermediate cuttings. In terms of the land layout optimization of ecological construction, this study suggests that the government should establish an overall planning with differentiated regional carbon neutrality path, promote the coordination of regional ecological protection and clean energy, accelerate the improvement of ecological environment, and utilize national land space highly efficiently.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are the three largest urban agglomerations in China, and have been increasingly becoming the core engines of China’s economic growth. Nevertheless, rapid regional urbanization accompanying high-intensity human activities has also brought enormous social and environmental pressure in these urban agglomerations, posing a grand challenge to urban and regional sustainability. This study conducts a cross-urban agglomeration comparison of the ecological and environmental changes over the past two decades. Using a combination of remotely sensed data, in-situ monitoring data, and environmental statistic data, the changes in four dimensions are quantified, namely ecological quality, environmental quality, resource and energy use efficiency, and eco-environmental governance capacity. Further, the effectiveness of environmental policies and initiatives is evaluated at the national and urban agglomeration levels. It is found that the quality of ecological land has increased steadily since 2000, with increased provision of ecosystem services. Air quality and water quality have been substantially improved, and the use of resources and energy efficiency have been greatly improved. The pollution emissions per unit GDP have been greatly reduced. The ecological and environmental infrastructures have become increasingly available, along with gradually strengthened governance capacity on environmental protection and ecological restoration. The National 10th to 13th Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection played a significant role in environmental protection and ecological restoration across mega urban agglomerations. The environmental challenges, of urban agglomerations faced now and in the future, are also discussed, so as to the policies and actions that need to be addressed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Food system is the foundation of human society, thus the sustainable transition of food system is one of the key topics towards global sustainability. Facing the global climate crisis, regional conflict, and pandemic that unseen in a century, it becomes critical to build a sustainable food system in line with the Chinese context for ensuring its grain and food security, national nutrition and health, social justice, ecological balance, market effectiveness, and system resilience. To address these focuses, this study analyzed the main issues and challenges faced by China’s current food system, and decoded the relationship between food system and sustainable development goals of the United Nations from supply, demand, and security guarantee mechanism perspectives. Based on these, this study developed a conceptual framework for sustainable food system from life cycle, global, and system perspectives. This study further identified six key dimensions, including security, health, justice, greenness, economy, and resilience, for constructing the strategic framework of China’s sustainable food system, and proposed paths ahead for implementation. We hope to provide some system reflections on how to ensure China’s food security in the new era and further to contribute to sustainable global food system transition with Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： none
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Field scientific observation and research station is the innovation base for researchers in the field of ecology, geosciences, agriculture, environmental science, material science, and other fields to carry out long-term observation and scientific research. It is the indispensable and important component of national science and technology innovation system. Based on multi-year followup investigation, combined with the current national science and technology innovation and ecological civilization construction requirements, the experts from the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, advise that the importance and coordination of field scientific observation research should be enhanced on the national level, as well as the stable support for the field observation stations, thus strengthening this important base for the fundamental research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since 2013 when the “Belt and Road Initiative” was proposed, China and Indonesia have achieved serval progresses with a series of mature frameworks and protocols. The “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” initiative is one of major top-level designs for China to strengthen international cooperation for pursuing mutual benefit. Indonesian geographical advantage is outstanding because it locates at the intersection of the designed two major lines of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. “Global Maritime Axis” concept is a key program for Indonesia’s development focus changing from land to sea. The “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” is highly compatible with the “Global Maritime Axis”. The deep docking between them will bring new opportunities to scientific and technological cooperation between China and Indonesia. Based on systematical reviewing the status quo of scientific and technological cooperation between China and Indonesia, this study investigates the key points of agreement between the two countries in strengthening scientific and technological cooperation. Moreover, this study explores several critical areas with potential for cooperation, including marine resource planning, industrial chain optimization, infrastructure risk prevention and control, and major natural disaster response. Furthermore, some proposals are presented to promote the cooperation, especially for the response to natural climate change and natural disaster, based on the principles of concertation, co-construction, sharing as well as policy orientation, livelihood needs, and scientific goal.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Poverty eradication is one of the sustainable human development goals, and is also the important index of human social progress. The study investigates the evolution process of the world poverty and points out the spatial-temporal uneven pattern of the world poverty reduction. The current challenges to the world poverty reduction include aggravated resources exploitation in Sub-Saharan Africa, worldwide forcibly displaced people who lower down poverty identification accuracy, and rural decline which leads to instable poverty reduction. Oriented by the UN’s poverty eradication goal by 2030, the study proposes to strengthen worldwide poverty reduction collaboration, to promote national and regional development transformation, and to revitalize the world's countryside, so as to support world poverty reduction.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is important ecological security barrier of China and even Asia, and one of biodiversity conservation hotspots. Ensuring ecological security and protecting biodiversity are key tasks of ecological protection in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wildlife is very rich but there are many threatened species. During past 15 years, ecosystem pattern is stable, and ecosystem quality generally elevates in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Correspondingly, water retention, soil retention, and sandstorm prevention are improved and the trend of ecological degradation is suppressed. The construction of natural reserves and the implementation of ecological protection projects in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contribute to the improvement of ecological security barrier function. However, due to the impacts of warm-wet tendency and human activities, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is facing a series of ecological degradation risks, including frozen soil area withering, marsh reduction, wildlife habitat degradation, alien invasion, and ecosystem degradation. To further protect Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s ecological security barrier, the following measures could be taken, namely, optimizing spatial pattern of natural protected area, establishing natural protected area system mainly based on national park group, and implementing ecological protection and restoration projects.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Promoting black soil protection and sustainability is the essential and guarantee of rural revitalization in Northeast China, and rural vitalization is the fundamental way to realize the persistent protection of black soil. Only by coordinating and promoting the overall black soil protection and rural revitalization, can we find the solution to solve the contradiction between black soil protection and the rural economic development in Northeast China black soil region, hence to push in full gear the ecological construction and rural revitalization of the region. Meanwhile, the overall black soil protection should promote the rural revitalization and rural revitalization should facilitate the sustainable utilization of the black soil. This paper summarizes the main correlation between black soil protection and rural vitalization in Northeast China, expounds on the internal logic and main main routes to overall promote black soil protection and rural revitalization. Based on the theoretical analysis, the paper puts forward several relevant policy suggestions for the national black protection program.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an important guide for different countries and regions to achieve sustainable economic, social, and environmental developments. They include 17 goals and 169 specific targets. The interactions among the goals can be manifested as synergy or trade-off; that is, implementing one or more goals may positively or negatively affect other goals. At present, important progress has been made in the monitoring and evaluation of individual goals. However, our understanding of the synergies and trade-offs among multiple SDGs is still limited. Firstly, this paper describes the current progress in the synergy and trade-offs of SDGs from three aspects: comprehensive analyses of all the SDGs, thematic analyses of few relevant SDGs, and the relationship of the specific indicators under certain SDG. Secondly, in view of the data bottleneck in the current studies, combined with the latest progress of the Big Earth Data, this paper showcases the typical scenarios of the Big Earth Data supporting studies of the synergy and trade-off of SDGs. Thirdly, the Big Earth Data’s potential and future research prospects on the synergies and trade-offs of SDGs are proposed. This study shows that SDG synergy and trade-off analyses have experienced three stages: a semiquantitative evaluation based on expert knowledge, correlation analyses based on statistical data, and quantitative analyses based on the Big Earth Data. Different data sources from different countries could lead to varying results, and the Big Earth Data plays a vital role in promoting data consistency and transparency between countries. Therefore, it provides crucial support for the understanding of synergies and trade-offs of SDGs. The purpose of this study is to summarize the latest progress of synergy and trade-off studies of SDGs, which has received less attention in SDG-related research, and to support decision making for realizing the economic, environmental, and social goals together.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： DG 11—sustainable cities and communities is central to achieving all 17 SDGs. However, the lack of data is the main challenge for monitoring and assessing SDG 11 indicators. As an important aspect of technological innovation and big data, Big Earth Data can offer a new key to generate knowledge about the Earth, playing a major role in promoting sustainable development. In this research, we conducted many practical cases to monitor the progress of SDG indicators centered on urban sustainable development, and focused on 6 main themes about urban development, including urban housing, urban public transportation, urbanization, disaster prevention & mitigation, air pollution, and open public space. Based on the above analysis, this study summarizes the challenges for realization of SDG 11. Finally, in order to achieve the SDG 11, we propose some suggestions and actions, including building a sustainable development big data information platform, strengthening the leverage of science and technology in the realization of SDG 11, actively carrying out SDG 11 comprehensive application demonstration, and strengthening scientific and technological cooperation between relevant institutions at home and abroad.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Irrigation zones located in the lower reaches of Yellow River is a vital food security base in China. Currently, this area is facing the problem of rapid decline of groundwater level due to serious water shortage and insufficient water resources allocation. Therefore, there are many unknown and uncertain impacts on the future agriculture and ecological environment, and it is the current hotspot of agroecosystem research. However, under the dynamic scenarios, for innovatively carrying out the studies on large groundwater table from surface, and conducting the critical process researches such as sectional structure of farmland soil, crop root growth dynamics, interaction between surface water and groundwater, groundwater-soil-plant-atmosphere continuum response, dynamic variation and influence mechanism of water-salt-nutrient of agroecosystem, it is urgently needed to build a comprehensive experiment simulation infrastructure. Funded by the “Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Construction Project for the Field Station Network of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)”, Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station) completed the platform construction of Groundwater#2;Agroecosystem Experimental Simulator (Yucheng GAS), an infrastructure with three floors (10 m underground) constituted by 16 bottom sealed sample plots with controllable groundwater levels after five-year strenuous efforts (from 2016 to 2020). Yucheng GAS integrates nine subsystems including the large scale bottom sealed sample plots system, underground water level automatic controlling; soil temperature, water content, and salinity monitoring; soil water sampling; root growth monitoring; groundwater quantity and quality monitoring; critical zone observation of agroecosystem; water-carbon-nitrogen nexus in agroecosystem; and multispectral crop condition monitoring by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Yucheng GAS, a comprehensive monitoring methodology with multiple methods of stereo-position monitoring, multi-factors chromatograph, and multi-scales three-dimensional observation, is expected to support the basic experimental research and international frontier explore in water-carbon-nitrogen cycles in agroecosystem, food security, ecological security, and environmental security under the scenario of dynamically changed groundwater in future.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： One of the burning questions of food security in current China is how to produce sufficient forage products and animal feeds. The limited arable land has to be devoted to cereal production, and exploring more terrestrial land is a prerequisite for the sustainable forage production and the development of grass-based livestock husbandry. Bohai rim is consist of coastal line of the North China Plain, which has a significant amount of medium-low yielding fields and unutilized saline-alkali land as well as intensive livestock production. In this study, a new concept of “Coastal Grass Belt”, proposed by LI Zhensheng, an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was introduced, which addresses how to develop grass/forage farming system according to the severity of salinity. This concept can not only improve soil quality but also provide sufficient forage for livestock. Meanwhile, the concept is also aligned with China’s national strategies of storing grain in land and in agricultural technology to ensure the self-sufficiency of important agricultural products and the integration of the security of land and marine ecosystems. This paper provides a detailed description of the “Coastal Grass Belt” concept, elaborates its goals, key scientific issues and innovative modes, and analyzes the ecological environmental and economic-industrial benefits. Finally, the much-needed innovation platforms, agro-industry modes and policies for the development of “Coastal Grass Belt” are discussed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the context of global climate change, heat waves, extreme precipitation, extreme droughts and storm surges have increased in most areas of the Belt and Road, which seriously threatens the personal and property safety of countries along the Belt and Road. This study focuses on dealing with the issues associated with the risk identification and assessment of extreme climate events in the “Belt and Road” region, including the coarse or single assessment scale and weak response strategies. It develops a multi-scale extreme climate risk assessment framework, and completes the risk assessment of four representative extreme climate events including heat waves, extreme precipitation, extreme droughts, and storm surges at three scales of 1 km, 100 m, and 10 m. The risk assessment results reveal the spatial distribution, temporal dynamics, and major influencing factors of the 4 types of extreme climate risks in the Belt and Road region. The better understanding of these can provide scientific support for more reasonable and effective response to disasters, reduction and transfer of risks, and reduction of personal and property losses.
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