Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Food security is an important guarantee of national security. The northeast black soil region is an important commodity grain production base in China, which plays a fundamental role in ensuring national food security. However, the highly intensive, unreasonable or excessive use of cultivated land in this region has caused serious black soil degradation. Therefore, how to make the Black Soil Granary to provide efficient and sustainable guarantee for national food security is a scientific problem requiring urgent solutions. This paper systematically illuminates the agricultural development of high-productivity black soils since the reform and opening-up. On this basis, the paper systematically summarizes the problems facing the sustainable development of grain production in the black soil region. Furthermore, to meet the requirements of the central government for agricultural production in Northeast China, it puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to coordinate food security and ecological security and to enhance the sustainable development of grain production, intending to provide reference for the sustainable agricultural development in the northeast black soil region, and offer scientific guidance for the strategic planning of national food industry strategy, agricultural policy making, and strengthening of national food security.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The cultivated land balance policy, which is a remedial measure for the expansion of cultivated land occupied by industrialization and urbanization, is an important part of the cultivated land protection system in China. At present, the cultivated land balance is confronted with the dilemma of the exhaustion of cultivated land reserve resources, the high demand for cultivated land occupied by construction land and ecological land. The alienated behaviors of local government, such as supplementing cultivated land with insufficient quantity and poor quality, has threaten the national food security and ecological security. Under the background of cultivated land protection system transformation, it is necessary to deeply understand the long-term, extreme and complex nature of the contradiction between people and land in China. It is necessary to clarify the irreplaceable role of land balance policy in protecting land resources, optimizing land space, and promoting balanced development between urban and rural areas. We propose that the key solution is to use scientific and technological innovation to systematically recognize arable land and improve the technical support of management. We suggest that: (1) accelerate the formation of a new balance system with cultivated land quality and production capacity as the core; (2) using differential method to manage the balance of cultivated land; (3) research and develop regional engineering technology system of land ecological improvement; (4) improve the monitoring and supervision capacity of key elements of cultivated land resources. In conclusion, China should carry out national cultivated land resources security science and technology projects as soon as possible, that will comprehensively improve the scientific decision-making and intelligent management level of China’s cultivated land protection supervision, and support the development of cultivated land protection in the comprehensive direction of quantity, quality, and ecology.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-04-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：生物结皮具有特殊的水文物理性质，为探究其对土壤水分渗透性和水流特征的影响，以黄土高原风沙土和黄绵土上3种典型地表覆盖类型（裸地、藓结皮、藓结皮-草本植物混合）为对象，采用环刀法和染色示踪法对其导水性质与水流特征进行探究。结果表明：藓结皮对2种土壤类型0~5 cm土层土壤理化性质影响较大，与裸地相比土壤容重降低了9.85%~10.00%，土壤黏粒含量增加了1.01~1.29倍，表层有机质含量提高了2.73~3.02倍；藓结皮使0~5 cm土层土壤饱和导水率降低了61.32%~88.89%，而在5~10 cm土层饱和导水率则有明显上升。另外，由于草本植物的影响，藓结皮-草本植物0~5 cm土层与藓结皮土壤相比土壤饱和导水率提高了1.32~6.43倍；黄绵土藓结皮与藓结皮-草本植物的染色面积比均高于裸地，且水分下渗深度增加了10 cm，而风沙土藓结皮与风沙土裸地的染色面积比差异不明显。综上所述，藓结皮和藓结皮-草本植物的存在改变了表层土壤水分渗透性以及水流运动特征和水分下渗深度，影响着黄土高原土壤水分保持和生态恢复。
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