分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2023-08-02 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 非团环境中的大质量恒星以及大质量双星的起源是理解大质量恒星形成和演化的关键问题之一. 年轻大质量星团内的动力学交会过程是产生大质量逃逸星的重要途径之一. 选取了银河系内年轻大质量星团NGC 3603外围的两个碰撞星风系统候选体MTT68A和MTT71作为研究对象, 通过分析\emph{Chandra} X射线观测以及\emph{Gaia}第2批数据发布(DR2)中的天体测量结果, 研究它们作为相互作用的大质量双星系统的起源. X射线数据的分析表明, 它们的X射线能谱中存在Fe XXV发射线成分; 相较于普通O型星, 以双温等离子体模型拟合得到偏高的高温成分温度($\gtrsim$\;2.0\;keV), 并且X射线光度与热光度的比值也较高($\gtrsim$\;$10^{-5.8}$). 以上能谱特征进一步佐证了它们是碰撞星风系统的解释. 根据\emph{Gaia} DR2数据库中的自行信息, MTT71有着与NGC 3603整体相近的自行值, 表明它很可能是与星团相伴形成. 而相对NGC 3603整体, MTT68A存在$\sim$\;4.1\;mas\,$\cdot$\,yr$^{-1}$的相对自行, 且其反方向指向星团中心附近. 这一自行结果表明MTT68A很可能是一个从星团核心区域抛出的大质量双星系统, 根据MTT68A到星团中心的投影距离和相对自行大小估算这一抛射过程大概发生在20\;kyr前. 可能的动力学机制为三体或四体相互作用, 在星团另外一侧搜寻具有反向相对自行的大质量恒星将有助于验证这一推断.
分类： 天文学 >> 恒星和银河系 提交时间： 2022-04-20
摘要： We report the discovery of a massive protostar M17~MIR embedded in a hot molecular core in M17. The multiwavelength data obtained during 1993--2019 show significant mid-IR (MIR) variations, which can be split into three stages: the decreasing phase during 1993.03--mid-2004, the quiescent phase from mid-2004 to mid-2010, and the rebrightening phase from mid-2010 until now. The variation of the 22\,GHz H2O maser emission, together with the MIR variation, indicates an enhanced disk accretion rate onto M17~MIR during the decreasing and rebrightening phases. Radiative transfer modeling of the spectral energy distributions of M17~MIR in the 2005 epoch (quiescent) and 2017 epoch (accretion outburst) constrains the basic stellar parameters of M17~MIR, which is an intermediate-mass protostar (M~5.4 Msun) with accretion rate ~1.1x10^-5 Msun in the 2005 epoch and ~1.7x10^-3 Msun/yr in the 2017 epoch. The enhanced accretion rate during outburst induces the luminosity outburst L7600Lsun. In the accretion outburst, a larger stellar radius is required to produce accretion rate consistent with the value estimated from the kinematics of water masers. M17 MIR shows two accretion outbursts (t920 yr) with outburst magnitudes of 2 mag, separated by a 6 yr quiescent phase. The accretion outbusrt occupies 83\% of the time over 26 yr. The accretion rate in outburst is variable with amplitude much lower than the contrast between quiescent and outburst phases. The extreme youth of M17 MIR suggests that minor accretion bursts are frequent in the earliest stages of massive star formation.
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