分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Panping Li
Qian-Qing Yin
Zhengwei Li
Lian Tao
Xiangyang Wen
Shuang-Nan Zhang
Liqiang Qi
Juan Zhang
Donghua Zhao
Dalin Li
Xizheng Yu
Qingcui Bu
Wen Chen
Yupeng Chen
Yiming Huang
Yue Huang
Ge Jin
Gang Li
Hongbang Liu
Xiaojing Liu
摘要： In time-domain astronomy, a substantial number of transients will be discovered by multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observatories, posing a great challenge for follow-up capabilities. We have thus proposed an intelligent X-ray constellation, the Chasing All Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH) space mission. Consisting of 126 micro-satellites in three types, CATCH will have the capability to perform follow-up observations for a large number of different types of transients simultaneously. Each satellite in the constellation will carry lightweight X-ray optics and use a deployable mast to increase the focal length. The combination of different optics and detector systems enables different types of satellites to have multiform observation capabilities, including timing, spectroscopy, imaging, and polarization. Controlled by the intelligent system, different satellites can cooperate to perform uninterrupted monitoring, all-sky follow-up observations, and scanning observations with a flexible field of view (FOV) and multi-dimensional observations. Therefore, CATCH will be a powerful mission to study the dynamic universe. Here, we present the current design of the spacecraft, optics, detector system, constellation configuration and observing modes, as well as the development plan.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Yusa Wang
Zijian Zhao
Dongjie Hou
Xiongtao Yang
Can Chen
Xinqiao Li
Yuxuan Zhu
Xiaofan Zhao
Jia Ma
He Xu
Yupeng Chen
Guofeng Wang
Fangjun Lu
Shuangnan Zhang
Shu Zhang
Yong Chen
Yupeng Xu
摘要： The 100-m X-ray Test Facility of the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) was initially proposed in 2012 for the test and calibration of the X-ray detectors of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) with the capability to support future X-ray missions. The large instrument chamber connected with a long vacuum tube can accommodate the X-ray mirror, focal plane detector and other instruments. The X-ray sources are installed at the other end of the vacuum tube with a distance of 105 m, which can provide an almost parallel X-ray beam covering 0.2$\sim$60 keV energy band. The X-ray mirror modules of the Einstein Probe (EP) and the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP) and payload of the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) have been tested and calibrated with this facility. It has been also used to characterize the focal plane camera and aluminum filter used on the Einstein Probe. In this paper, we will introduce the overall configuration and capability of the facility, and give a brief introduction of some calibration results performed with this facility.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Yusa Wang
Zijian Zhao
Dongjie Hou
Xiongtao Yang
Can Chen
Xinqiao Li
Yuxuan Zhu
Xiaofan Zhao
Jia Ma
He Xu
Yupeng Chen
Guofeng Wang
Fangjun Lu
Shuangnan Zhang
Shu Zhang
Yong Chen
Yupeng Xu
摘要： The 100-m X-ray Test Facility of the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) was initially proposed in 2012 for the test and calibration of the X-ray detectors of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) with the capability to support future X-ray missions. The large instrument chamber connected with a long vacuum tube can accommodate the X-ray mirror, focal plane detector and other instruments. The X-ray sources are installed at the other end of the vacuum tube with a distance of 105 m, which can provide an almost parallel X-ray beam covering 0.2$\sim$60 keV energy band. The X-ray mirror modules of the Einstein Probe (EP) and the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP) and payload of the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) have been tested and calibrated with this facility. It has been also used to characterize the focal plane camera and aluminum filter used on the Einstein Probe. In this paper, we will introduce the overall configuration and capability of the facility, and give a brief introduction of some calibration results performed with this facility.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Panping Li
Qian-Qing Yin
Zhengwei Li
Lian Tao
Xiangyang Wen
Shuang-Nan Zhang
Liqiang Qi
Juan Zhang
Donghua Zhao
Dalin Li
Xizheng Yu
Qingcui Bu
Wen Chen
Yupeng Chen
Yiming Huang
Yue Huang
Ge Jin
Gang Li
Hongbang Liu
Xiaojing Liu
摘要： In time-domain astronomy, a substantial number of transients will be discovered by multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observatories, posing a great challenge for follow-up capabilities. We have thus proposed an intelligent X-ray constellation, the Chasing All Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH) space mission. Consisting of 126 micro-satellites in three types, CATCH will have the capability to perform follow-up observations for a large number of different types of transients simultaneously. Each satellite in the constellation will carry lightweight X-ray optics and use a deployable mast to increase the focal length. The combination of different optics and detector systems enables different types of satellites to have multiform observation capabilities, including timing, spectroscopy, imaging, and polarization. Controlled by the intelligent system, different satellites can cooperate to perform uninterrupted monitoring, all-sky follow-up observations, and scanning observations with a flexible field of view (FOV) and multi-dimensional observations. Therefore, CATCH will be a powerful mission to study the dynamic universe. Here, we present the current design of the spacecraft, optics, detector system, constellation configuration and observing modes, as well as the development plan.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Xiaobo Li
Yong Chen
Liming Song
Weiwei Cui
Wei Li
Juan Wang
Shuang-Nan Zhang
Fangjun Lu
Yupeng Xu
Haisheng Zhao
Mingyu Ge
Youli Tuo
Yusa Wang
Tianxiang Chen
Dawei Han
Jia Huo
Yanji Yang
Maoshun Li
Ziliang Zhang
Yuxuan Zhu
摘要： Purpose: The Low-Energy X-ray telescope (LE) is a main instrument of the Insight-HXMT mission and consists of 96 Swept Charge Devices (SCD) covering the 1-10 keV energy band. The energy gain and resolution are continuously calibrated by analysing Cassiopeia A (Cas A) and blank sky data, while the effective areas are also calibrated with the observations of the Crab Nebula. In this paper, we present the evolution of the in-orbit performances of LE in the first 5 years since launch. Methods: The Insight-HXMT Data Analysis Software package (HXMTDAS) is utilized to extract the spectra of Cas A, blank sky, and Crab Nebula using different Good Time Interval (GTI) selections. We fit a model with a power-law continuum and several Gaussian lines to different ranges of Cas A and blank sky spectra to get peak energies of their lines through xspec. After updating the energy gain calibration in CALibration DataBase (CALDB), we rerun the Cas A data to obtain the energy resolution. An empirical function is used to modify the simulated effective areas so that the background-subtracted spectrum of the Crab Nebula can best match the standard model of the Crab Nebula. Results: The energy gain, resolution, and effective areas are calibrated every month. The corresponding calibration results are duly updated in CALDB, which can be downloaded and used for the analysis of Insight-HXMT data. Simultaneous observations with NuSTAR and NICER can also be used to verify our derived results. Conclusion: LE is a well calibrated X-ray telescope working in 1-10 keV band. The uncertainty of LE gain is less than 20 eV in 2-9 keV band and the uncertainty of LE resolution is less than 15eV. The systematic errors of LE, compared to the model of the Crab Nebula, are lower than 1.5% in 1-10 keV.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Xiaobo Li
Yong Chen
Liming Song
Weiwei Cui
Wei Li
Juan Wang
Shuang-Nan Zhang
Fangjun Lu
Yupeng Xu
Haisheng Zhao
Mingyu Ge
Youli Tuo
Yusa Wang
Tianxiang Chen
Dawei Han
Jia Huo
Yanji Yang
Maoshun Li
Ziliang Zhang
Yuxuan Zhu
摘要： Purpose: The Low-Energy X-ray telescope (LE) is a main instrument of the Insight-HXMT mission and consists of 96 Swept Charge Devices (SCD) covering the 1-10 keV energy band. The energy gain and resolution are continuously calibrated by analysing Cassiopeia A (Cas A) and blank sky data, while the effective areas are also calibrated with the observations of the Crab Nebula. In this paper, we present the evolution of the in-orbit performances of LE in the first 5 years since launch. Methods: The Insight-HXMT Data Analysis Software package (HXMTDAS) is utilized to extract the spectra of Cas A, blank sky, and Crab Nebula using different Good Time Interval (GTI) selections. We fit a model with a power-law continuum and several Gaussian lines to different ranges of Cas A and blank sky spectra to get peak energies of their lines through xspec. After updating the energy gain calibration in CALibration DataBase (CALDB), we rerun the Cas A data to obtain the energy resolution. An empirical function is used to modify the simulated effective areas so that the background-subtracted spectrum of the Crab Nebula can best match the standard model of the Crab Nebula. Results: The energy gain, resolution, and effective areas are calibrated every month. The corresponding calibration results are duly updated in CALDB, which can be downloaded and used for the analysis of Insight-HXMT data. Simultaneous observations with NuSTAR and NICER can also be used to verify our derived results. Conclusion: LE is a well calibrated X-ray telescope working in 1-10 keV band. The uncertainty of LE gain is less than 20 eV in 2-9 keV band and the uncertainty of LE resolution is less than 15eV. The systematic errors of LE, compared to the model of the Crab Nebula, are lower than 1.5% in 1-10 keV.
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