Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2023-07-06
Abstract： Watershed biological information flow (WBIF) is defined as the path, processes and control of biological information transport, exchange, interaction and feedback among different spaces and systems along with watershed ecosystem processes, and could be partly described as the land-to-river and upstream-to-downstream bioinformation transportation (including organisms, nucleic acids, peptides and other biomarkers), which is driven by the hydrologic processes of watershed systems. The WBIF labels the transport of organic matter and energy. The WBIF integrates the ecological processes of environmental DNA (eDNA), including the origin, state, transport, and fate of eDNA, and makes it possible that the species composition in river system is monitored and assessed using eDNA. The WBIF estimation is the key for watershed ecosystem processes studying and riverine biodiversity monitoring. However, in practice, the parallel samples in each sampling site always are limited. And how parallel samples would impact WBIF estimation is unknown. Based on the principles of sampling survey, we hypothesized that parallel samples would not impact the accuracy of the WBIF estimation, but affect the precision of the WBIF estimation. Then, we transformed this hypothesis into a set of formulas and tested it with a series of analog computation. Results showed that the number of parallel samples (efficiency of detection) affected both the accuracy and precision of the WBIF estimation. The optimal WBIF estimation was less than the actual WBIF in any condition. Along with the increase of parallel samples (efficiency of detection), the optimal WBIF estimation gradually neared to the actual WBIF, the range of WBIF estimation gradually focused on the actual WBIF. In other words, more parallel samples (higher efficiency of detection) led higher accuracy and precision of the WBIF estimation. In addition, the actual WBIF affected both the accuracy and precision of the WBIF estimation too. Larger actual WBIF led higher accuracy and precision of the WBIF estimation. The relative relationship between the number of biological information types in upstream and downstream samples affected both the accuracy and precision of the WBIF estimation too. The accuracy and precision of WBIF estimation would be higher when the number of biological information types in upstream samples was more than those in downstream samples. So, we suggest that in the work of watershed ecosystem processes studying and riverine biodiversity monitoring, the relationship between parallel sample number and detection efficiency should be assessed, the suitable parallel sample number should be estimated based on the reliability target of WBIF estimation, the sampling program should be designed with suitable parallel samples, the WBIF should be estimated based on all parallel samples of each sampling site, at last the estimated results of WBIF should be re-evaluated according to the posterior probability of WBIF in different conditions. The current work provided the framework and methodology reference for the post-evaluation.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2023-07-06
Abstract： Design of duplicated samples is the first key step for standardizing the processes of eDNA monitoring. Previous works have studied how many duplicated samples should be sampled. However, whether the duplicated samples should be sampled in a series of sites in space or in continuous moments in time has not been carefully discussed, although this question is very important for eDNA monitoring practice. To solve this problem, the current work took a case study in Wuhan section of Yangtze River, got 16 eDNA samples from June 27 to July 14, 2022 day by day (temporal group samples) and 16 eDNA samples across the transection of Yangtze River in June 28 and July 12, 2022 (spatial group samples), and then analyzed the detected species in these eDNA samples to identify the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of eDNA monitoring, so as to provide suitable suggestions for setting duplicated samples in eDNA monitoring practice in large river. The results showed that, for bacteria and metazoa, the total number of species detected in spatial group eDNA samples was more than that detected in temporal group eDNA samples, and the spatial heterogeneity of species detected in eDNA monitoring was greater than the temporal heterogeneity of which. While for the three taxonomies of fungi, algae and protozoa, there was an opposite status. Therefore, we suggest that to monitor environmental microorganisms and aquatic metazoa in large rivers, spatial duplicated sampling of eDNA monitoring should be given priority in duplicated samples design. To monitoring fungi, algae, protozoa, temporal duplicated sampling of eDNA monitoring should be given priority in duplicated samples design. At the same time, attention should be paid to the selection of sampling time when taking spatial duplicated sampling, and the selection of sampling point when taking temporal duplicated sampling. Moreover, maybe, more duplicated samples are needed when one focuses on the monitoring of a subdivision taxonomy.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2023-03-28
Abstract：长江中游是长江极为重要的自由流淌河段，为中华鲟、长江江豚等水生生物提供了关键生境，开展常态化系统化eDNA (environmental DNA)监测对域内水生生物多样性评估和保护具有重要意义。eDNA监测的空间分辨率未量化限制了长江中游常态化eDNA监测的实施。为了量化长江中游eDNA监测的空间分辨率，我们探索建立了一个基于黑箱模型、简化过程和概率化表述的量化方法。本研究2020年6月（平水期）在长江中游设置30个采样断面，断面间隔在30 km左右，开展eDNA采样，进行高通量测序（原核生物用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序、真核生物用线粒体COI基因扩增子测序），根据流域生物信息流分析框架计算eDNA所能监测到的生物信息输移的量化特征，确定eDNA监测空间分辨率（系列）值及其可信度、覆盖度。结果显示长江中游平水期eDNA所能监测到的原核生物的生物信息输移能力为99.91%/km，非生命个体生物信息输移占比23.83%，非生命个体生物信息输移半衰距离为48.45 km；真核生物的eDNA输移能力为99.85%/km，非生命个体生物信息输移占比67.93%，非生命个体生物信息输移半衰距离为30.00 km。eDNA监测空间分辨率可信度和覆盖度之间存在权衡，原核生物eDNA监测空间分辨率的可信度与覆盖度平衡点在39 km，特征值在86%左右，真核生物eDNA监测空间分辨率的可信度与覆盖度平衡点在28 km，特征值在65%左右。研究建议不同监测目的可以根据需要选择不同监测空间分辨率：以河段单元内的物种组成为目的的监测，可优先覆盖度、牺牲可信度选择eDNA监测空间分辨率；以生物多样性空间结构为目的的监测，可优先可信度、牺牲覆盖度选择eDNA监测空间分辨率。原核生物90%以上覆盖度对应的空间分辨率为27 km（可信度为84.18%），真核生物90%以上覆盖度对应的空间分辨率为6 km（可信度为41.38%），80%以上覆盖度对应的空间分辨率为13 km（可信度为50.64%）；原核生物90%以上可信度对应的空间分辨率为58 km（覆盖度为82.30%），真核生物90%以上可信度对应的空间分辨率为78 km（覆盖度为38.61%），80%以上可信度对应的空间分辨率为50 km（覆盖度为49.70%）。本研究可为长江中游eDNA监测断面设置提供量化参考，为其它河流或河段eDNA监测分辨率估算提供方法借鉴。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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