Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-01 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Mountain grassland are an essential component of pasture resources in the Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region. However, mountain grassland are highly vulnerable to human-associated disturbance andclimate change. The responses of the mountain grassland plant community characteristics and diversity todifferent grazing managements in Barkol County, Xinjiang, are still unclear. In this study, three different grazingmanagement treatments were set up in 2012 to investigate the response patterns of the plant communitycharacteristics, diversity, and the relationship between the diversity and the aboveground biomass in the mountaingrasslands. The three grazing management blocks were M0, M1, and M2, which represented the permanentgrazing prohibition, winter grazing, and year-round grazing management, respectively. During the peak growingseasons of 2013, 2017, and 2022, the data regarding the number of species, height, coverage, density, andaboveground plant biomass were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that the different grazingmanagements had no significant impacts on the importance value of the dominant species, such as Stipa glareosa.However, the importance values of the nondominant species such as Neotrinia splendens and Achnatheruminebrians (Hance) Keng increased under winter and year- round grazing. As grazing intensity increased, plantheight, coverage, density, aboveground biomass, and their response ratios declined significantly (P<0.05). Therewere no significant differences in the Shannon- Wiener diversity, Simpson dominance, and Pielou evennessindices in M0, M1, and M2. In contrast, the Margalef richness index elevated markedly (P<0.05), indicating thatgrazing provided more survival resources helpful for other species. In the permanent grazing prohibition block,the aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with the Simpson dominance, Shannon-Wiener diversity, andPielou evenness indices. In the winter grazing block, aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with theMargalef richness index. Overall, the importance value of the dominant species showed no remarkabledifferences under varying grazing management, and its dominance remained unchanged. Except for the Margalefrichness index, the other diversity indices were not significantly influenced by grazing. Winter and year- roundgrazing enhanced the vital value of unpalatable species, altering the composition of forage, which was notconducive to future animal husbandry development. In summary, as the enclosure time increased, permanentgrazing prohibition was beneficial for restoring degraded grasslands, improving community characteristic values,improving grassland productivity, and maintaining community stability to a certain extent. Grazing would affectresource redistribution in the ecosystem, releasing ecological niches for more species, but year-round grazing ledto intensified grassland degradation because of overgrazing pressure.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2021-01-25 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：土壤水分和土壤电导率是影响植被生长和农业发展的重要因素，传统方法测量土壤水分和土壤电导率成本高，导致当前缺少基于实测资料的这两种土壤变量在山区流域不同空间尺度下的研究。本研究利用地表土壤水分和电导率实测数据，应用统计学方法，分析了天山西部巩乃斯河谷地带不同空间尺度下秋季地表土壤水分和地表土壤电导率的分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）在巩乃斯河谷，流域尺度地表土壤水分随海拔的升高而显著（P阳坡（均值：22.83%），阳坡地表土壤电导率（均值：8.33 mS·m-1）>阴坡（均值：4.58 mS·m-1）；（2）随空间尺度增大，影响土壤特性的环境要素更加复杂，地表土壤水分与地表土壤电导率关系逐渐变弱；（3）不同土地利用类型的地表土壤水分依次为：草地（均值37.19%）>耕地（均值37.04%）>林地（均值34.67%），地表土壤电导率依次为：耕地（均值17.36 mS·m-1）>草地（均值14.95 mS·m-1）>林地（均值13.81 mS·m-1）。在海拔、坡向、土地利用类型的影响下，巩乃斯河谷地带地表土壤电导率和土壤水分均呈中度变异。本研究有益于巩乃斯河流域水土资源合理利用及生态环境保护。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-01-06 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：改革开放40 a以来，新疆土地利用和地表覆被发生了巨大变化，在产生巨大社会经济效益的同时，也产生了许多生态与环境问题。为了给未来新疆土地利用、水资源开发及社会经济可持续发展国土空间规划提供依据，通过采用分区分层的决策树方法和向量相似度的变化检测方法，完成了新疆2015年、2010年、2000年、1990年、1975年的土地覆被1∶100 000矢量数据集，准确反演了过去40 a（改革开放40 a）来新疆地表覆被变化过程，分析了新疆土地覆被变化与国家改革开放政策相互关系，从垦荒（1975—1990年）、农业资源开发（1990—2000年）、西部大开发（2000—2010年）、对口援疆（2010—2015年）4个阶段，阐述了国家政策力度和导向对土地覆被变化的影响。分析表明：新疆土地覆被变化由耕地开垦、人工表面增长的高速发展模式开始向兼顾生态文明建设的可持续发展方向转型，各主要地类的变化也由急剧发展转向基本可控。近40 a新疆耕地面积增加了128%（50 414.02 km2），新增耕地依照水土资源配置特征，遵循空间规律分布；人工表面（建设、交通、工矿用地）面积增加了197%（7 497.11 km2），在2000年后增速明显，2010年后南疆增加幅度很大；1990年前林地面积呈现减少趋势，1990年后呈增加的态势，新增林地广泛分布在全疆天然林封育保护范围和天保工程实施区内；湿地1990年前面积减少明显，1990—2000年保持稳定，2000年后呈增加趋势；草地和其他类型的面积呈现持续减少态势。
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