Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: Air pollutants have strong homology with greenhouse gases and are closely related to fossil fuel combustion. The high-intensity energy use in the eastern region of China has turned this region into a hot area of carbon dioxide emission and heavy air pollution in the past. Since the implementation of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the adjustment of industrial structure and the improvement of terminal treatment technology have been driving the succession of key species of air pollution and the spatio-temporal distribution of greenhouse gases in China. This paper analyzes the trend in major air pollutants and greenhouse gas concentration in different regions of China from 2013 to 2020, and reveals the migration of air pollution and carbon emissions from the east to the northwest China. Based on statistical data, the causes of the changes in the spatio-temporal distribution of air pollutants and greenhouse gases in China are clarified, and corresponding solutions are proposed. The results can provide scientific and technological support for realizing the goal of pollution and carbon reduction synergy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: In 2015, by signing up to the Paris Agreement on climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) parties pledged to keep global temperatures “well below” 2℃ above pre-industrial levels and to “pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5℃”. Limiting warming to 1.5℃ / 2℃ requires strictly limiting the total amount of carbon emissions between now and the end of the century. Global mean surface temperature has already witnessed a 1℃ more warming since the pre-industrial era and the cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emission has reached around 2 390 Gt CO2. An accurate estimation of the allowable amount of additional carbon emissions, known as the “remaining carbon budget”, is crucial to climate change mitigation activities. In this study, we hope to provide a commentary on improving the quality and reducing the uncertainty in remaining carbon budget estimation. After a brief review on the relationship between carbon cycle and global warming, we introduce the methods for estimating the remaining carbon budget and compare the results presented in a series of assessment reports since IPCC AR5 and IPCC AR6. The reasons for the different estimations of remaining.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The Tibetan Plateau is known as the “Asian Water Tower”. In the past 50 years, global warming has accelerated the water cycle over the Asian Water Tower. The current understanding on the key processes of water vapor transport over the Asian Water Tower and the behind mechanisms are reviewed in this paper, via the climatology, long-term trend, and interannual variability, respectively. This review further suggests that it is urgent to understand the tempo-spatial changes, mechanisms, and impact of water vapor transport processes over the Asian Water Tower. Therefore, future research should improve capabilities on observation, diagnosis, dynamical mechanism, detection and attribution, as well as numerical simulation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: Numerous great discoveries have been made in the field of deep space exploration over the past 50 years, and they deepen our knowledge and synergetic comprehension greatly about the Earth, Planets, and the Solar system. The deep space exploration not only acts as impetus to drive the development of modern science and technology, but also fosters the planetary physics as a new interdiscipline. This study analyzes the background and current status for the discipline of planetary physics, and compares the progress made on the planetary physics of China with that of the other well-developed countries. The relationship of the Chinese planetary physics with the other traditional disciplines, like geophysics, space physics etc., as well as with the projects of deep space missions is elaborated. Based on the current status and developing trend of planetary study, this paper presents possible directions as well as instructive suggestions for the development of Chinese planetary physics in the near future.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The carbon neutrality strategy will be the largest orderly human activity in this century, which requires strong scientific supports. This study introduces some key scientific questions and remaining knowledge gaps in earth system science (i.e. atmosphere, land, ocean science), and also discusses some key techniques and the associated challenges, including Earth System Model, climate metrics, greenhouse gasses monitoring techniques, carbon inventories from regional to global scales. On this basis, this study recommends to construct climate monitoring system and platform in China, better describe and understand the earth system coupling processes and mechanisms. To consolidate the techniques for carbon neutrality, this study also suggests to build carbon monitoring and inventory assessment platform and to improve the Earth System Model.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: Remote sensing of cryosphere, as an important branch of cryospheric science, is a new interdiscipline, involving the knowledge of both cryospheric science and remote sensing techniques. This paper overviews the objects and basic methods of cryospheric remote sensing, introduces the progresses by using representative case studies, and especially, describes the research status of Chinese cryospheric remote sensing. Finally, we propose several recommendations for the development of remote sensing of cryosphere. In particular, we discuss the potential paths to the scientific programme of Earth’s three poles.