Subjects: Biology >> Virology Subjects: Biology >> Biological Evolution Subjects: Biology >> Genetics submitted time 2020-02-21
Abstract： Background. The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, Central China. Up to February 18, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 70,000 people in China, and another 25 countries across five continents. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFluTM database to decode the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the recent two months. Methods. Alignment of coding-regions was conducted haplotype analyses using DnaSP. Substitution sites were analyzed in codon. Evolutionary analysis of haplotypes used NETWORK. Population size changes were estimated using both DnaSP and Arlequin. Expansion date of population size was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau (τ) using the formula t=τ/2u. Findings. Eight coding-regions have 120 substitution sites, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions. Forty-two non-synonymous substitutions changed the biochemical property of amino acids. No evident combination was found. Fifty-eight haplotypes were classified as five groups, and 31 haplotypes were found in samples from both China and other countries, respectively. The rooted network suggested H13 and H35 to be ancestral haplotypes, and H1 (and its descendent haplotypes including all samples from the Hua Nan market) was derived H3 haplotype. Population size of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated to have a recent expansion on 6 January 2020, and an early expansion on 8 December 2019. Interpretation. Genomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 are still low in comparisons with published genomes of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Phyloepidemiologic analyses indicated the SARS-CoV-2 source at the Hua Nan market should be imported from other places. The crowded market boosted SARS-CoV-2 rapid circulations in the market and spread it to the whole city in early December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific direction of human-to-human transmissions, and the import sources of international infectious cases.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-10-29
Abstract： This study constructs a “fertility fear” dictionary and analyzes the fertility fear levels across various provinces in China using Sina Weibo data from 2010 to 2022. The findings reveal that increased fertility fear significantly and negatively predicts birth rates in the following year, with heightened fertility fear leading to reduced reproductive behavior. Additionally, both per capita disposable income and individualistic cultural tendencies positively influence fertility fear, further affecting birth rates. This research provides new empirical evidence on the impact of fertility fear on reproductive behavior and offers socio-psychological insights for shaping population policies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biophysics >> Oncology submitted time 2016-05-11
Wang, Anxin
Chen, Lisha
Li, Chunlin
Zhu, Yimin
Wang, Anxin
Chen, Lisha
Li, Chunlin
Wang, Anxin
Chen, Lisha
Li, Chunlin
Abstract： Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heterogeneous populations and their phenotypes are unstable. A number of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms contribute to CSC phenotypic variation. The existence of various CSC subpopulations which would lead to a rapid relapse after primary treatments might pose a problem for CSC targeted therapeutics. In order to develop more effective approaches to cancer therapeutics, more CSC-related surface markers or targeting molecules, as well as some novel targeting strategies should be explored. This review summarized the origin and performance of heterogeneity in CSCs and discussed their therapeutic implications. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2020-03-05
Xu, Xiaoling
Han, Mingfeng
Li, Tiantian
Sun, Wei
Wang, Dongsheng
Fu, Binqing
Zhou, Yonggang
Zheng, Xiaohu
Yang, Yun
Li, Xiuyong
Zhang, Xiaohua
Pan, Aijun
Wei, Haiming
Abstract： Background: In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China, which spread rapidly and has become a world-wide public health challenge. We aimed to assess the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) and seek a new therapeutic strategy. Methods: The patients diagnosed as severe or critical COVID-19 in The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) and Anhui Fuyang Second People’s Hospital were given tocilizumab in addition to routine therapy between February 5 and February 14, 2020. The changes of clinical manifestations, CT scan image, and laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed. Findings: Within a few days, the fever returned to normal and all other symptoms improved remarkably. Fifteen of the 20 patients (75.0%) had lowered their oxygen intake and one patient need no oxygen therapy. CT scans manifested that the lung lesion opacity absorbed in 19 patients (90.5%). The percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which decreased in 85.0% patients (17/20) before treatment (mean, 15.52 ± 8.89%), returned to normal in 52.6% patients (10/19) on the fifth day after treatment. Abnormally elevated C-reactive protein decreased significantly in 84.2% patients (16/19). No obvious adverse reactions were observed. Nineteen patients (90.5%) have been discharged on average 13.5 days after the treatment with tocilizumab and the rest are recovering well. Interpretation: Tocilizumab is an effective treatment in severe patients of COVID-19, which provided a new therapeutic strategy for this fatal infectious disease" "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Pharmacology submitted time 2020-02-23
Hua Li
Canrong Wu
Yueying Yang
Yang Liu
Peng Zhang
Yali Wang
Qiqi Wang
Yang Xu
Mingxue Li
Mengzhu Zheng
Lixia Chen
Abstract： A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infectious disease has broken out in Wuhan, Hubei Province since December 2019, and spread rapidly from Wuhan to other areas, which has been listed as an international concerning public health emergency. We compared the Spike proteins from four sources, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and Bat-CoVRaTG13, and found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence had redundant PRRA sequences. Through a series of analyses, we propose the reason why SARS-CoV-2is more infectious than other coronaviruses. And through structure based virtual ligand screening, we foundpotentialfurin inhibitors, which might be used in the treatment of new coronary pneumonia. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Virology submitted time 2020-02-14
Abstract： Abstract: In 2019, the 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan (a city of China). In our previous study, the analytical results showed that both 2019-nCoV and SARS coronavirus belongs to Betacoronavirus subgroup B (BB coronavirus), but have large differences. The most important finding was that the alternative translation of Nankai CDS could produce more than 17 putative proteins, which may be responsible for the host adaption. The genotyping of 13 viruses using the 17 putative proteins revealed the high mutation rate and diversity of betacoronavirus. The present study for the first time reported a very important mutation in the Spike (S) proteins of BB coronavirus. By this mutation, 2019-nCoV acquired a cleavage site for furin enzyme, which is not present in the S proteins of all other BB coronavirus (e.g. SARS coronavirus) except the Mouse Hepatitis coronavirus (MHV). This mutation may increase the efficiency of virus infection into cells, making 2019-nCoV has significantly stronger transmissibility than SARS coronavirus. Because of this mutation, the packing mechanism of the 2019-nCoV may be changed to being more similar to those of MHV, HIV, Ebola virus (EBoV) and some avian influenza viruses, other than those of all other BB coronavirus (e.g. SARS coronavirus) except the Mouse Hepatitis coronavirus (MHV). In addition, we unexpectedly found that some avian influenza viruses acquired a cleavage site for furin enzyme by mutation as 2019-nCoV. Further studies of this mutation will help to reveal the stronger transmissibility of 2019-nCoV and lay foundations for vaccine development and drug design of, but not limited to 2019-nCoV.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract：近年来，迁移学习已经引起了广泛的关注。迁移学习是运用已存有的知识对不同但相关领域问题进行求解的新的一种机器学习方法。传统机器学习基于两个基本假设：(1) 用于学习的训练样本与新的测试样本满足独立同分布的条件；(2) 必须有足够可利用的训练样本才能学习得到一个好的分类模型。迁移学习降低了要求，目的是迁移已有的知识来解决目标领域中仅有少量或没有有标签样本数据时的学习问题。本文对迁移学习算法以及相关理论研究进展进行了综述，并介绍了我们在该领域所做的研究工作，特别是利用生成模型在概念层面建立迁移学习模型。最后指出了迁移学习下一步可能的研究方向。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2024-01-06
Abstract： Diffusion models are a powerful type of generative model capable of producing high-quality results in various fields including images, text, and audio. This review aims to summarize and analyze the latest research progress in diffusion models applied in the vision domain, including both theoretical and practical contributions in the field. Initially, the article discusses the characteristics and principles of three mainstream models: denoising diffusion probabilistic models, score-based diffusion generative models, and diffusion generative models based on stochastic differential equations. It also analyzes derivatives aimed at optimizing internal algorithms and improving sampling efficiency. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive summary of current applications of diffusion models, including computer vision, natural language processing, time series analysis, multimodal research, and interdisciplinary fields. Finally, based on current trends and challenges, it offers a forecast for the future direction of diffusion models, aiming to guide and inspire research in the field. This article is intended to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of diffusion model research and application, emphasizing its significant role and potential in the field of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC).
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2018-05-08
Abstract： Statistical inference plays a critical role in modern scientific research, however, the dominant method for statistical inference in science, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), is often misunderstood and misused, which leads to unreproducible findings. To address this issue, researchers propose to adopt the Bayes factor as an alternative to NHST. The Bayes factor is a principled Bayesian tool for model selection and hypothesis testing, and can be interpreted as the strength for both the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis H1 based on the current data. Compared to NHST, the Bayes factor has the following advantages: it quantifies the evidence that the data provide for both the H0 and the H1, it is not “violently biased” against H0, it allows one to monitor the evidence as the data accumulate, and it does not depend on sampling plans. Importantly, the recently developed open software JASP makes the calculation of Bayes factor accessible for most researchers in psychology, as we demonstrated for the t-test. Given these advantages, adopting the Bayes factor will improve psychological researchers’ statistical inferences. Nevertheless, to make the analysis more reproducible, researchers should keep their data analysis transparent and open.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：通过现代生物技术制成的DNA疫苗、重组疫苗和亚单位疫苗等新型疫苗，虽然安全性较传统疫苗有所提高，但其免疫原性不及传统疫苗，需要通过佐剂增强疫苗的免疫效力。随着对佐剂研究的不断深入，铝佐剂、油乳佐剂、微生物类佐剂、蜂胶佐剂、左旋咪唑佐剂、脂质体佐剂、中药佐剂及小肽类佐剂等相继问世，其作用机理也随研究的不断深入逐渐清晰。通过动物免疫实验结果发现，小肽类免疫佐剂不仅可以增强特异性免疫反应，具备免疫增强剂的功效，而且获取简单，便于运输保存，安全性高，可能是未来佐剂研究的一个主要方向。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2016-03-14
Abstract： [Objective] To understand Chinese users' cognition and usage of the arXiv preprint platform, as well as their opinions and suggestions on the development of arXiv. [Methods] Based on a questionnaire survey of teachers, researchers and postgraduate groups in 9 domestic universities and scientific research institutions, the author obtained 510 survey data, and used SPSS and other analytical tools to analyze the survey data. [Results] The results show that the awareness of arXiv by Chinese researchers is not very high, but domestic researchers who are familiar with arXiv have realized that publishing papers on arXiv is an important means to occupy the first publishing rights of results and solicit peer opinions. [Limitations] The survey sampling is limited to member units of the China arXiv Service Working Group, and arXiv users of non-member units are not included. 【Conclusion】In order to allow arXiv to benefit more scientific research in my country, the China arXiv Service Working Group needs to take more active actions to accelerate the wider and in-depth application of arXiv in China.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2017-03-09
Abstract：
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract：深度学习是机器学习领域的一个新的研究方向，其核心思想在于模拟人脑的层级抽象结构，通过无监 督的方式从大规模数据（例如图像、声音和文本）中学习特征。近年来，深度学习在计算机视觉、语音识 别等研究领域取得的巨大成功使得研究者们对其寄予更多的关注。本文从深度学习的概念、发展历程、模 型、训练方法以及应用等几个方面对其进行概述，并对深度学习的未来发展做出展望。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract： " This paper presents an electropalatographic (EPG) and acoustic study of prosodic boundaries effect on the domain-initial segments in Standard Chinese.1 Two speech sounds, namely, the voiceless unaspirated alveolar stop /t/ and the high front vowel /i/, were studied to examine the domain-initial strengthening in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The articulatory and acoustic parameters of the speech sounds were compared in initial positions of five prosodic constituents in Standard Chinese, namely, a Syllable, a Foot, an Immediate Phrase, an Intonational Phrase, and an Utterance. The results show that: (1) the production of the domain-initial consonantal gesture was prosodically encoded. The linguopalatal contact and the seal duration varied as a function of the prosodic boundary strength. The linguopalatal contact was dependent on the seal duration in a nonlinear fashion. Of the acoustic properties of the domain-initial stop, the total voiceless interval and voicing during closure were found to be reliable acoustic correlates that mark the hierarchical structure of the prosody. (2) At the release moment of the domain-initial stop, no consistent pattern was found to support the domain-initial strengthening. The linguopalatal contact of the vowel immediately following the domain-initial consonant did not show a clear trend of domain-initial strengthening; however, the phonatory features of vowels were indicative of pitch reset at major prosodic boundaries. These indicate that the domain-initial strengthening is restricted on the segment immediately following the boundary. In conclusion Standard Chinese strengthens the phonetic features of the domain-initial segments as a function of boundary strength, which serves as an important way to mark prosodic structure in Standard Chinese.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] By summarizing the research findings of information cocoons, this paper provides a systematic reference for the further study about related theory and practice development in China.[Method/process] Using content analysis, this paper reviewed from five dimensions, including the concept evolution of information cocoons, empirical research on the phenomenon of information cocoons, the influence of information cocoons, the formation of information cocoons, and the countermeasures of cracking information cocoons.[Result/conclusion] The results revealed that research contents at home and abroad is quite different. And there has been dispute about whether information cocoons exist or not. Furthermore, the research depth about the formation mechanism of information cocoons is not enough. Last but not least, the governance research about information cocoons is still inadequate.
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2019-06-20
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2018-02-12
Abstract：[目的]从心理学的角度全面分析金庸小说人物人格与创作阶段、性别之间的关系。[方法]本文通过创作阶段对金庸15部小说进行划分，采用基于数据挖掘的文学智能分析方法，通过中文心理分析系统对人物对话进行处理，得到人物的大五人格预测分数。[结果] 女性人物的神经质倾向高于男性人物；创作阶段影响小说人物的尽责性、外向性倾向。[局限]仅仅对小说中的人物进行了分析，没有和金庸本人生平经历和创作时代特点相结合。[结论]本文从心理学人格理论出发探讨金庸小说的人物描写特点，丰富了“金学”的研究成果，为研究金庸的人物刻画风格与偏好提供了新的视角。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-06-27
Abstract： Gross explicitly defines emotion regulation as the process by which individuals influence what emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express them. According to Gross, emotion regulation folds along with the process by which emotions are produced. In the explanation of the emotion regulation, Gross's emotion regulation process model has been widely recognized and constantly expanded, such as the process model of emotion regulation and the extended process model of emotion regulation. This article integrates Gross's series of models to explain emotion regulation, taking as the main thread three salient features of condensed model development, namely from the traditional linear model to the current spiral model, from the individual-based emotion regulation model to the group-based emotion regulation, and from emotion regulation to emotion polyregulation. Then, the main points of each model are illustrated in the context of time, explaining how empirical research contributes to the development and optimization of the models. Then, combined with the three advances of Gross's emotion regulation process interpretation model, the empirical studies in these three aspects are summarized and reviewed: The first is to explore and put forward the monitoring stage. Further exploration found that it can promote emotion regulation flexibility, that is, individuals can change their strategies more flexibly to adapt to changes in the environment. The second is to distinguish the group-based emotion regulation from the individual-based emotion regulation and to analyze and explore the group-based emotion regulation. The third is to get rid of the limitation of exploring single emotion regulation strategy in previous studies, and further explore multivariate emotion regulation, that is, the simultaneous or continuous use of multiple methods to regulate emotions in a single emotional event. The empirical study of these three aspects further explains the theoretical rationality and wide applicability of Gross's emotion regulation process interpretation model and confirms the dynamic interaction of the mechanism of emotion regulation from the perspective of practical application. Finally, the problems existing in the empirical research of these three aspects and the future exploration direction are briefly discussed.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2020-02-28
Zikuan Leng
Rongjia Zhu
Wei Hou
Yingmei Feng
Yanlei Yang
Qin Han
Guangliang Shan
Fanyan Meng
Dongshu Du
Shihua Wang
Junfen Fan
Wenjing Wang
Luchan Deng
Hongbo Shi
Hongjun Li
Zhongjie Hu
Fengchun Zhang
Jinming Gao
Hongjian Liu
Xiaoxia Li
Abstract： A coronavirus (HCoV-19) has caused the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, Preventing and reversing the cytokine storm may be the key to save the patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aims to investigate whether MSC transplantation improve the outcome of 7 enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Beijing YouAn Hospital, China from Jan 23, 2020. to Feb 16, 2020. The clinical outcomes, as well as changes of inflammatory and immune function levels and adverse effects of 7 enrolled patients were assessed for 14 days after MSC injection. MSCs could cure or significantly improve the functional outcomes of seven patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in 14 days without observed adverse effect. The pulmonary function and symptoms of all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were significantly improved in 2 days after MSC transplantation. Among them, two common and one severe patient were recovered and discharged in 10 days after treatment. After treatment, the peripheral lymphocytes were increased and the overactivated cytokine-secreting immune cells CXCR3 CD4 T cells, CXCR3 CD8 T cells, and CXCR3 NK cells were disappeared in 3-6 days. And a group of CD14 CD11c CD11bmid regulatory DC cell population dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the level TNF-α is significantly decreased while IL-10 increased in MSC treatment group compared to the placebo control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profile showed MSCs were ACE2- and TMPRSS2- which indicated MSCs are free from COVID-19 infection. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of MSCs was safe and effective for treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially for the patients in critically severe condition.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mathematics >> Statistics and Probability Subjects: Statistics >> Mathematical Statistics Subjects: Information Science and Systems Science >> Basic Disciplines of Information Science and Systems Science submitted time 2024-05-22
Abstract： Statistical independence is a core concept in statistics and machine learning. Representing and measuring independence are of fundamental importance in related fields. Copula theory provides the tool for representing statistical independence, while Copula Entropy (CE) presents the tool for measuring statistical independence. This paper first introduces the theory of CE, including its definition, theorem, properties, and estimation method. The theoretical applications of CE to structure learning, association discovery, variable selection, causal discovery, system identification, time lag estimation, domain adaptation, multivariate normality test, two-sample test, and change point detection are reviewed. The relationships between the theoretical applications and their connection to correlation and causality are discussed. The frameworks based on CE, the kernel method, and distance correlation for measuring statistical independence and conditional independence are compared. The advantage of CE based on methods over the other comparable methods is evaluated with simulated and real data. The applications of CE in theoretical physics, astrophysics, geophysics, theoretical chemistry, cheminformatics, materials science, hydrology, climatology, meteorology, environmental science, ecology, animal morphology, agronomy, cognitive neuroscience, motor neuroscience, computational neuroscience, psychology, system biology, bioinformatics, clinical diagnostics, geriatrics, psychiatry, public health, economics, management, sociology, pedagogy, computational linguistics, mass media, law, political science, military science, informatics, energy, food engineering, architecture, civil engineering, transportation, manufacturing, reliability, metallurgy, chemical engineering, aeronautics and astronautics, weapon, automobile, electronics, communication, high performance computing, cybersecurity, remote sensing, ocean, and finance are briefly introduced.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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