分类： 图书馆学、情报学 >> 图书馆学 提交时间： 2025-06-10
摘要： 【目的】研究预印本平台价值影响因素模型并对其进行实证，为预印本平台价值的更好发挥提供理论依据与实践指导。【方法】采用文献调研和内容分析法设计价值量表，并采用问卷调查的方式，借助回归方程模型，对模型进行检验。【结果】从科研人员视角出发，平台属性特质和科研人员个人习惯具有显著的正向关系；平台属性特质和科研人员自我效能具有显著的正向关系；平台属性特质和科研人员感知结果具有显著的正向关系；科研人员感知结果和其对预印本平台的态度具有显著的正向关系；科研人员对预印本平台的态度对其个人认知预印本平台价值的（行为）意向具有显著的正向影响。从出版人员视角出发，平台属性特质和出版人员个人习惯具有弱显著的正向关系；平台属性特质和出版人员自我效能具有弱显著的正向关系；平台属性特质和出版人员感知结果具有显著的正向关系；出版人员感知结果和其对预印本平台的态度具有弱显著的正向关系；出版人员对预印本平台的态度对其个人认知预印本平台价值的（行为）意向具有显著的正向影响。从科研资助方视角出发，平台属性特质和科研资助方感知结果具有较弱显著的正向关系；科研资助方感知结果和其对预印本平台的态度具有较弱显著的正向关系；科研资助方对预印本平台的态度对其个人认知预印本平台价值的（行为）意向具有显著的正向影响。【结论】不同利益相关者对待预印本平台价值态度存在较大差异，影响因素之间关联程度也存在不同，若想整体提升预印本平台价值，还应面向不同利益相关者针对不同因素入手。
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2025-06-10 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要： 背景 阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种复杂的神经系统退行性疾病，其治疗给患者及家庭带来沉重的负担。近年来中成药治疗AD的临床研究不断增加，但研究的证据支撑情况尚不清楚。目的 分析近5年中成药治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床研究相关证据情况。方法 检索2019年1月—2024年12月的8个中英文数据库（中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库）中收录的中成药治疗AD的文献，采用文字结合图表的形式展示证据分布特征。结果 最终纳入临床试验82篇，系统综述/Meta分析30篇，网状Meta分析9篇，指南/专家共识/路径等7篇，系统评价再评价1篇，卫生技术评估1篇。近年来中成药治疗AD的关注度呈波动下降的趋势，临床研究与评价集中于21种中成药，其中对口服中成药复方苁蓉益智胶囊和复方海蛇胶囊关注度最多，注射剂主要为银杏叶提取物。临床研究主要为单中心、小规模的随机对照试验，且文献质量普遍不高。在结局指标选择方面，主要侧重于认知功能指标、替代结局指标和生活质量等指标，指标缺乏中医辨证论治的特色，指标的选择、测量等缺乏规范性。系统综述/Meta分析的整体质量较低，方法学质量以及临床实践指南和专家共识的制定和报告规范性均有待进一步提高。结论 中成药治疗AD已开展了一些单中心、小样本的临床研究，今后需结合中药治疗AD的临床诊疗实践特点进一步开展多中心、大样本、高质量的临床研究，以利于形成高质量的临床证据，为中成药治疗AD提供相关参考。
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2025-06-09
摘要： 发轫于20世纪初的相对论和量子论革命没有带来预期的终极物理学理论，相反，21 世纪的物理学面临着更多困惑和深层危机。大统一理论的持续可见不可及迫使人们对物理学的理论基础进行科学哲学审视。这种反思发现了经典物理和现代物理在自然观方面的深刻分歧，包括物质观、时空观和运动观。通过调整补充，在统一的自然观基础上诞生了现实物理学理论。现实物理学奉行客观性原则，强调物质世界和物理规律的客观实在性，追求物理理论的自然刚性。现实物理学包括粒子流场论、粒子动力学和粒子统计学理论，它们修正和发展了经典力学、电动力学和统计力学，在新自然观基础上统一了宏观（宇观）力学和微观（量子）力学。本文介绍现实物理学的理论体系和主要内容，结合重要结论阐述现实物理学的科学哲学观点和思想认识路线。现实物理学开拓了通往物理终极目标的道路，随着理论基础的完善和应用的扩展，必将在探索未知世界的进程中发挥巨大作用。
分类： 图书馆学、情报学 >> 图书馆学 提交时间： 2025-06-09
摘要： [目的/意义]记忆问题根植于社会实践，其演进与社会、技术发展“同频共振”。技术迭代使数字记忆经历从数字化记忆、原生数字记忆、数据化记忆到数智记忆的发展，记忆内容、结构、建构方式上的变化有待探明。[方法/过程]通过剖析数字记忆的演变进程，探究数智记忆的机器主体性凸显、全球化和共同性加强、权力转移和凝结感降低、同技术伦理问题伴生等特点，厘清记忆研究在社会数智化转型背景下面临的新变化、新问题和新挑战。[结果/结论]文章认为，数智记忆是人类记忆与机器记忆的混合形态。“人智协同”的记忆建构面临人类主体性消解、数字基础设施建设和配用不均、“记忆之场”功能存疑、记忆与遗忘关系复杂化等挑战与变革，需要记忆工作者探寻人智关系的平衡点。
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2025-06-08
摘要： Objective: This study explored the mechanism by which observing peers’ adverse experiences influences distress disclosure of negative information through two progressive studies.Methods: Study 1 (N=218) constructed a moderated mediation model to analyze the relationships among stress, self-esteem, hostility traits, and disclosure. Study 2 (N=536) employed a situational experiment to test a chain mediation effect of "stress→meaning in life→distress disclosure," supplemented by multigroup analysis of path coefficient differences.Results: Study 1 showed stress directly inhibited disclosure (β=-0.37, pLimitations: The moderating effects of cultural values on the mechanism of adverse circumstance perception were not examined in this study.Conclusions: This research first uncovered the adaptive function of downward comparison and the mediating boundary of meaning reconstruction, expanding social comparison theory’s application scenarios. It provides a dual-path model for psychological interventions in failure education, based on stress transformation and meaning construction. Future studies are recommended to investigate cultural value moderations.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-06-07
摘要： In current work, the fission property of ^{180}Hg is investigated based on the Skyrme density functional theory (DFT). The impact of the high-order hexadecapole moment (q_{40}) is found at large deformations. With the q_{40} constraint, a smooth and continuous potential energy surfaces (PES) could be obtained. Especially, the hexadecapole moment constraint is essential to get proper scission configurations. The static fission path based on the PES supports the asymmetric fission of ^{180}Hg. The asymmetric distribution of the fission yields of ^{180}Hg is further reproduced by the time-dependent generator coordinate method (TDGCM), and agrees well with the experimental data.
分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学的集成理论 提交时间： 2025-06-06
摘要： [目的]聚焦于解决目前机器学习缺乏统一的形式化理论框架、缺乏可解释性和伦理安全保障等问题。[方法]本文首先构建形式化信息模型，运用合式公式集合显式定义机器学习各典型环节的本体状态和载体映射，引入可学习和可处理谓词、学习和处理函数分析模型因果链逻辑推演与约束法则。[结果]构建了机器学习理论元框架MLT-MF，以此为基础分别建立了模型可解释性和伦理安全性的普适性定义，证明了模型可解释与信息可还原性、伦理安全保障和泛化误差估计等三个重要定理。[局限]当前框架假设理想条件下的信息无噪声使能映射，主要针对静态场景中的模型学习和处理逻辑，同时还未涉及多模态、多智能体系统跨本体空间的信息融合与冲突消解。[结论]本文突破碎片化研究局限，为系统解决当前机器学习面临的关键问题提供了统一的理论基础。
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-06-06
摘要： Leakage neutron spectra from a pure 238U slab sample (dimensions: 100 mm × 100 mm × 20 mm) bombarded by broad-spectrum neutrons were measured at 0° using the time-of-flight method. The experiment was carried out at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Broad-spectrum neutrons were generated by bombarding a tungsten target with 80.5 MeV/u 12C ions. Additionally, calculations were performed in GEANT4 with the INCL, BIC and BERT physics models, in combination with the evaluated nuclear data libraries ENDF/BVIII, JEFF-3.3, and JENDL-4.0, and the theoretical results for the leakage neutron spectrum of the 238U were obtained under the same experimental conditions. The results indicate that the GEANT4 calculations can reasonably reproduce the experimental data.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-06-05
Peng, Mr. Xiaoyu
Fang, Mr. Changhao
Lin, Mr. Shin-Ted
Liu, Prof. Shukui
Li, Mr. Hanyu
Li, Miss Qianyun
LiRen, Mr. Mingjie
Liu, Dr. Yu
Shi, Mr. Haoyu
Wang, Miss Qin
Xing, Mr. Haoyang
Yan, Dr. Yulu
Yang, Dr. Litao
Yue, Prof. Qian
Zhu, Mr. J.J.
摘要： We present the results of an experiment conducted to measure cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced fluxes at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Utilizing a 28-liter 0.5% gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator detector, which operated stably for 412 days in a 1-meter-thick polyethylene shielding, we reconstructed saturated signal pulses and pulse shape discrimination to facilitate measurements across a range starting from 0.2 MeV. The event rates incorporating mountain geometry effects for cosmic rays and their induced particles are derived. The experimental results show that cosmic ray muon flux is (3.64 ± 0.69(stat.) ± 0.25(syst.)) × 10^{-10} cm^{-2} s^{-1}, muon-induced electron flux is (5.59 ± 1.06(stat.) ± 0.40(syst.)) × 10^{-10} cm^{-2} s^{-1}, and the upper limit of the muon-induced neutron flux is 3.52 × 10^{-9} cm^{-2} s^{-1}. They indicated that no significant excess is observed at a 90% confidence-level, particularly no muon-induced neutrons above 10 MeVee is detected.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-06-05
Qiu, Mr. Zhichao
zhuang, Dr. kun
Wang, Mr. Xiaoyu
Gao, Mr. Yong
Cao, Mr. Yun
Liu, Mr. Daping
Chen, Dr. Jingen (Nuclear energy)
Wang, Sipeng
摘要： As the key technology of space exploration, space power has always been a research interest of international researchers. A lot of research work has been carried out around the world for the space nuclear reactor using heat pipe, liquid metal and gas cooling method. With the development of molten salt reactor of IV generation reactor system, molten salt dissolving fissile material and acting as a coolant at the same time has become a new cooling scheme, which provides new ideas for the design of space nuclear reactor. In this study, a novel reactor Liquid-Solid Dual-Fuel Space Nuclear Reactor (LSSNR) was preliminarily proposed combining the molten salt fuel and cross-shaped spiral solid fuel for the design goals of 30-year lifetime and active core weight less than 200 kg. Monte Carlo neutron transport code OpenMC based on ENDF/B-VII.1 library was employed for neutronics design in aspect of fuel type, cladding material, reflector material and spectral shift absorber. Then, the thickness of control drum absorber was optimized to meet the requirement of the sufficient shutdown margin, lower solid fuel enrichment, and 30 EFPY operation lifetime. Finally , UC solid fuel with U-235 enrichment of 80.98 wt.% and B4C thickness of 0.75 cm were adopted in LSSNR, and BeO was adopted as reflector and matrix material of control drum. A spectral shift absorber Gd2O3 was used to avoid the sub-critical LSSNR returning to criticality at a launch accident. The keff with control drum rotating innermost position is 0. 954949, and the keff reaches 1.00592 after 30 EFPY operation. The total mass of the active core is 160.65 kg. In addition, the thermal-hydraulic feasibility of LSSNR using cross-shaped spiral fuel was analyzed based on a 4/61 reactor core model. The structure of cross-shaped spiral fuel achieves enhanced heat transfer by generating turbulence, leads to a uniform temperature distribution of the coolant flow field, and reduces local temperature peaks. Based on LSSNR scheme, some neutronic characteristics were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the LSSNR has strongly negative reactivity coefficients due to the thermal expansion of liquid fuel, and the fission gas-induced pressure meets safety requirements. After 100 years of the end of core life, the total radioactivity of reactor core is reduced by 99% and is 7.1305 Ci.
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2025-06-05
摘要： 虽然有声的言语符号是传递话语意义的最主要载体，但无声的话轮转换时间也被认为具有传递会话者态度的作用。本研究采用三个实验，考察在接受、拒绝和中性应答语下，话轮转换的时间如何影响个体对会话者态度的判断。实验采用偷听范式，要求被试听含有请求言语行为的会话片段，并对会话者的态度进行评分。依托贝叶斯推断下的顺序数据和二分数据分析方法，发现不同应答语下话轮转换时间均可以预测会话者态度的判断，表现出普遍的时间效应；但接受应答语下预测效应最强，中性应答语下预测效应最弱。此外，接受和拒绝应答语下，被试对会话者态度的初始判断和判断过程也存在明显区别。最后，被试并非认为中性应答语对应的是消极态度，和语用学观点相悖。本研究有助于全面探讨会话者建构话语意义的认知机制。
分类： 语言学及应用语言学 >> 语言学及应用语言学 提交时间： 2025-06-05
摘要： 社会交际障碍是孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorders，ASD）人群的核心特征，近年来，该类人群在会话这一典型的社交活动中的异常表现受到学界的重点关注。本文对ASD人群在会话技能和协同互动（填充停顿和反馈语的使用，韵律锁定以及共鸣和人际互动）两个方面的非典型表现进行梳理，并且建议未来研究应尝试回答为什么ASD人群会出现异常的会话表现。对于这一问题，笔者认为可以尝试两条路径：（1）构建会话能力指标，并比较ASD人群和TD人群的差异，（2）建构会话表现的认知计算模型，探讨两类人群的认知机制差异。
分类： 法学 >> 法学其他学科 提交时间： 2025-06-05
摘要： 1979年律师制度恢复以来，《律师法》历经四次修订，现在进入第五次修订引发国人尤其是律师行业的广泛关注。本文重点分析律师管理机制和律师治理体系中存在的重要问题，包括律师的属性、内部专业化和外部资本化竞争、中国不能成为诉讼大国、全球化竞争等问题。经过实证和比较研究认为，一是律师行业已经从高速发展阶段进入高质量发展阶段，应建立健全法律服务大市场的准入和监管制度；二是中国特色社会主义律师制度需要兼顾律师职业的人民性、职业性和商业性，应完善律师调解制度和探索建立律师事务所商事登记制度和律师分级出庭制度；三是应修订律师事务所命名规则，打造国际一流律师事务所，提升我国律师涉外法律服务能力和全球法律服务市场竞争力。这些研究和发现有利于进一步优化中国特色社会主义律师制度，促进律师行业高质量可持续发展，为《律师法》的修订提供一些有益的思考。
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2025-06-05 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要： 心血管疾病（CVDs）已成为全球及我国最主要的死亡原因之一，随着生活方式变化和人口老龄化，CVDs的患病率持续上升，给公共卫生带来巨大的挑战。基层医疗在CVDs的预防与管理中发挥着重要作用，其中风险评估与风险沟通是核心环节。基层全科医生通过对患者的健康状况进行全面评估，凭借其“首诊、连续、可及”的服务特性，能够通过长期医患关系动态追踪患者风险，利用有效的风险评估工具（如China-PAR模型、Framingham风险评分等）实现个体化风险评估。这种基于基层的风险沟通机制，与AHA、ESC等国际指南倡导的“以患者为中心”的预防策略相契合，通过风险可视化有助于健康行为改变，提高药物治疗的依从性。然而，基层风险沟通仍面临多重挑战。本文探讨了基层CVDs风险评估与沟通策略的现状、应用及面临的挑战，提出了提升基层全科医生沟通能力及实施策略的建议，以期通过细化风险沟通策略提高CVDs的防控效果，最终提升基层患者的健康管理水平。
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-06-04
摘要： A new Monte Carlo optimization (MCO) method named Hybrid Adaptive Response Surface Methodology Genetic Algorithm (RSM-GA) Monte Carlo Optimization (HRG-MCO) is proposed to address the strong empirical dependence and low efficiency of global multi-parameter optimization in traditional neutronics design. HRG-MCO integrates the advantages of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Specifically, neutron MC simulation results are iteratively utilized to adaptively construct an RSM model, ensuring the required accuracy. Subsequently, GA is employed to perform multi-parameter optimization based on the constructed RSM model, which makes it possible to rapidly determine the optimal design parameters. Then, these optimized parameters are fed back into the MC simulation model to derive the final optimized values. The superior optimization efficiency of the HRG-MCO method is demonstrated through a comparative analysis with the exhaustive enumeration (EE) method and the standalone GA. To further validate its effectiveness, the method is applied to the optimization design of moderator-collimator for accelerator-based thermal neutron radiography. Two optimization tasks are performed in this study: (1) determining the optimal efficiencies under different source neutron energies and (2) optimization of thermal neutron-induced photon yield ratio. The results underscore the effectiveness and practical applicability of the HRG-MCO method in neutronics optimization design.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-06-04
Zuo, Dr. Taisen
Lu, Mr. Zhanjiang
Zhu, Mr. Hong
Han, Dr. Zehua
Deng, Mr. Changdong
He, Dr. Yongcheng
Tian, Dr. Long
Wang, Prof. Tianhao 王天昊
Xiao, Mr. Songwen
Zhenqiang, Mr. He
Lin, Mr. Xiong
Ma, Dr. Changli
Cheng, Dr. He
摘要： The focusing of pulsed neutrons can increase neutron flux, reduce sample volume, and enable access to smaller scattering angles. Consequently, it represents a critical challenge for next-generation spallation neutron sources. The primary difficulty stems from the inherent chromatic aberration of white neutrons. Here, a new compact Nested Rotating Sextupole Permanent Magnet (Nest-Rotating-SPM) lens, with a total length of 200 mm, was developed and tested at the Very Small Angle Neutron Scattering (VSANS) instrument at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Through synchronization of the outer sextupole lens rotation with the neutron pulse from the source, we achieved aberration-free focusing of neutrons with wavelengths between 11.0 Å and 15.5 Å for the first time. The implementation of water cooling and carbon fiber winding ensures both magnetic field stability and mechanical robustness of the inner sextupole. The compact design incorporating bridge sextupoles enables Lego-like assembly of multiple lens units for focusing pulsed neutrons with wavelengths shorter than 10.0 Å, making it practically useful in a pulsed neutron instrument to enhance neutron flux or access lower scattering vectors. Additional research is required to mitigate background noise.
分类： 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间： 2025-06-04
摘要： 全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术（GlobalNavigation Satellite System Reflectometry,GNSS-R）是一种通过解析导航卫星反射信号实现地表参数反演的有效对地观测手段。历史研究表明，传统GNSS-R系统主要采用单一极化配置（右旋圆极化（RHCP）发射与左旋圆极化（LHCP）接收，下文简称LR极化)，对其他极化组合的散射特性研究相对薄弱。随着技术进步，采用RHCP天线接收地表反射信号的方案逐渐受到重视。同时，传统GNSS-R的时延多普勒图（Delay-DopplerMap,DDM）处理模式在不同观测几何条件下对散射特征的利用效率较低。在此背景下，发展能够跨几何构型有效接收地表散射信号的GNSS合成孔径雷达（GNSS-based SyntheticApertureRadar,GNSS-SAR）技术成为具有潜力的研究方向。本研究聚焦简缩极化GNSS-R与合成孔径雷达融合技术（GNSS-ReSAR：GNSS-ReflectometryandSyntheticApertureRadar）的遥感探索。基于西班牙机载GLORI实验获取的双极化（LR及RR（RHCP发射与RHCP接收））数据开展了土壤水分反演研究，并同步利用中国天目（TM）商业卫星的双极化GNSS-R数据进行对比验证。两项实验一致表明，RR极化反射率较LR极化低约10dB，但基于两种极化反演的土壤水分精度具有可比性。受限于简缩极化数据获取能力，本研究采用基于辐射传输理论构建的LAGRS（LandSurfaceGNSSReflection Simulator)模型解析简缩极化的其他散射特性。通过系统分析GNSS-ReSAR模式的散射机制与发展趋势，为新一代GNSS-R技术演进在一定程度上提供了理论参考。
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-06-04
摘要： Due to its excellent heat transfer performance and compact structure, the printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) has become the mainstream heat exchange equipment between the secondary circuit of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and the primary circuit of the lead-cooled fast reactor. During the operation of the Lbe-SCO2 PCHE, the huge pressure difference between the cold side (high pressure S-CO2) and the hot side (atmospheric pressure lead-bismuth eutectic) combined with the corrosion characteristics of the lead-bismuth eutectic could lead to the failure of the PCHE pressure boundary, potentially resulting in CO2 leakage into the primary circuit. This study used the CFD software ANSYS Fluent to numerically simulate the PCHE pressure boundary failure accident. The feasibility of the analysis method is verified by decomposing the complex accident conditions into typical characteristic conditions for experimental simulation verification. The results show that during the accident transient process, the pressure in the hot channel initially exhibits cyclic fluctuations, rising sharply within 0.1ms and then gradually stabilizing; while the pressure in the cold channel remains essentially unchanged at the operating pressure. The simulation revealed that after 15ms after the accident, large quantities of carbon dioxide were detected at the inlet and outlet of the hot side, indicating a risk of intrusion of the secondary circuit's working medium into the reactor.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-06-04
Liu, Mr. Weirong
Shi, Dr. Pengcheng
Liu, Dr. Yingdu
Zhu, Miss Zhiyun
Zhang, Miss Siyu
Bao, Dr. Jie
Ouyang, Dr. Xiaoping
摘要： In this work, we report a scintillator used for neutron/gamma discrimination, which consists of a polyvinyltoluene matrix loaded with monomers of dimethoxydiphenylsilane (DDS), and fluor dyes, namely 2,5-diphenyloxazole and 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin as the primary fluorophore and wavelength-shifting, respectively. The DDS is an organosilicon compound containing double benzene rings that facilitates fluorescence emission and radiation resistance. Several measurements were performed to explore the scintillators optical and detection properties, including ^{238}Pu-Be neutron radiation and relative light yield conducted by 137Cs gamma-ray source. It is found that the synthesized plastic scintillators are capable of excellently discriminating between neutron and gamma-rays. They exhibit a light output that are comparable to the commercial scintillator (EJ-200). The scintillators are low-cost productive, highly transparent, and somewhat soft but hard enough for post-production processing (machine cutting and polishing). This design may contribute a new strategy for highly efficient neutron/gamma discrimination organic scintillators.
分类： 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 提交时间： 2025-06-04
摘要： 在铸牢中华民族共同体意识的国家战略下，云南高职少数民族学生的心理危机干预需突破传统心理学范式，转向文化与心理互构的深层逻辑。本研究基于云南省高职教育的实证调研，整合心理人类学“文化生态断裂”理论与跨文化心理咨询“双文化能力”模型，构建“预防—干预—巩固”三级动态干预体系，并结合《关于以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线推进新时代民族工作高质量发展的意见》等政策导向，提出文化敏感性干预的实践路径。研究表明，通过文化认知重构、身份认同整合与系统支持网络建设，可有效提升少数民族学生心理弹性，为边疆地区职业教育的民族团结实践提供理论与方法创新。
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