分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 分类： 物理学 >> 交叉学科物理及相关领域的科学与技术 提交时间： 2024-08-09
摘要： Scanning magnets are devices responsible for deflecting particles to specific locations in particle therapy utilizing spot scanning techniques. To ensure the distortion of the scanned beams’ shapes remains within an acceptable level, it is necessary to guarantee that the homogeneity of the field integrals is sufficiently high in the two transversal directions within the good field region. Typically, this is accomplished by adding shims on both sides of magnet poles. In this study, we innovatively proposed a method to perform multi-objective optimization of shim parameters and excitation currents by the state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm Non- dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-III (NSGA-III). Furthermore computer vision (CV) was implemented to automatically evaluate both the beam shape distortions and the centroids of the scanned beam spots at the target plane to assist efficient optimization process. With this method, optimal parameters of scanning magnets which have capability of scanning a carbon beam of 400 MeV/u beam energy across a 20 cm × 20 cm field size with a source-to-axis distance of 255 cm were obtained successfully. Meanwhile, we also conducted eddy current and temperature rise analysis, laminated steel plates with 19 slits cut near the pole gaps were used to reduce eddycurrents due to rapid variation of magnetic fields during the scanning process. Based on the optimized magnetsparameters, eddy current and temperature analyses were performed and the temperature rises were found to be near 40°C and 54°C for the Y and X magnets respectively at the designed scanning speeds, which meets the requirements for normal operation. This proposed procedure of optimization is expected to facilitate efficient and sophisticated design of various magnets applied to charged particle accelerators.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-08-06
摘要： We investigated the properties of the phase diagram of high-order susceptibilities, speed of sound, and poly- tropic index based on an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with an eight-quark scalar-vector interaction. Non-monotonic behavior was observed in all these quantities around the phase transition boundary, which also revealed the properties of the critical point. Further, this study indicated that the chiral phase transition bound- ary and critical point could vary depending on the scalar-vector coupling constantGSV. At finite densities and temperatures, the negativeGSVterm exhibited attractive interactions, which enhanced the critical point temperature and reduced the chemical potential. TheGSVterm also affected the properties of the high-order susceptibilities, speed of sound, and polytropic index near the critical point. The nonmonotonic (peak or dip) structures of these quantities shifted to a low baryon chemical potential (and high temperature) with a negativeGSV.GSValso changed the amplitude and range of the nonmonotonic regions. Therefore, the scalar-vector interaction was useful for locating the phase boundary and critical point in QCD phase diagram by comparing the experimental data. The study of the non-monotonic behavior of high-order susceptibilities, speed of sound, and polytropic index is of great interest, and further observations related to high-order susceptibilities, speed of sound, and polytropic index being found and applied to the search for critical points in heavy-ion collisions and the study of compact stars are eagerly awaited.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-08-06
摘要： The back-streaming white-neutron beam line (Back-n) of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutron-research platform built for the study of nuclear data, neutron physics, and neutron applications. Many types of cross-sectional neutron-reaction measurements have been performed at Back-n since early 2018. These measurements have shown that a significant number of gamma rays can be transmitted to the experimental stations of Back-n along with the neutron beam. These gamma rays, commonly referred to as in-beam gamma rays, can induce a non-negligible experimental background in neutron-reaction measurements. Studying the characteristics of in-beam gamma rays is important for understanding the experimental background. However, measuring in-beam gamma rays is challenging because most gamma-ray detectors are sensitive to neutrons; thus, discriminating between neutron-induced signals and those from in-beam gamma rays is difficult. In this study, we propose the use of the black resonance filter method and a CeBr3 scintillation detector to measure the characteristics of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n. Four types of black resonance filters, 181Ta, 59Co, natAg, and natCd, were used in this measurement. The time-of-flight (TOF) technique was used to select the detector signals remaining in the absorption region of the TOF spectra, which were mainly induced by in-beam gamma rays. The energy distribution and flux of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n were determined by analyzing the deposited energy spectra of the CeBr3 scintillation detector and using Monte Carlo simulations. Based on the results of this study, the background contributions from in-beam gamma rays in neutron-reaction measurements at Back-n can be reasonably evaluated, which is beneficial for enhancing both the experimental methodology and data analysis.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-08-05
摘要： 我们采用双金属化和胺化双重策略对 Zr/Ce-UiO-66-NH2 进行了改性，以从中高效提取铀。XRD、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 XPS 显示，材料胺化改性成功。此外，Zr/Ce-UiO-66-NH2 中 Zr 氧原子团簇中的金属 Zr 部分被 Ce 取代。在酸性和碱性溶液中都具有值得称道的结构稳定性。无论浸没在 6M 强酸或 0.5M 强碱溶液中，Zr/Ce-UiO-66-NH2 的结构完整性都不会受到影响。pH = 6.0 的批量实验表明，Zr/Ce-UiO-66-NH2 对铀的吸附量在 298K 和 328K 时分别达到 376.8mg/g 和 611.33mg/g。这些数值远高于使用双金属改性 Zr/Ce-UiO-66 或胺功能化 UiO-66-NH2 所获得的数值。经过连续五个吸附和解吸循环后，该材料的铀去除率仍保持在 80% 以上，证明了其出色的再生性能。Zr/Ce-UiO-66-NH2 对铀（VI）的吸附动力学模型表明，化学吸附主导了铀的快速吸附率。我们提出了可能的吸附机制，包括三种相互作用：内球表面复合、化学吸附和静电作用。这项研究表明，双金属化和胺化的双重策略可有效提高水中铀（VI）的萃取率。这种方法有望应用于铀吸附剂的结构设计。
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-07-30
摘要： In current neural network algorithms for nuclide identification in high-background, poor-resolution detectors,traditional network paradigms including back-propagation networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrentneural networks, etc. have been limited in research on γ spectrum analysis because of their inherent mathemat#2;ical mechanisms. It is difficult to make progress in terms of training data requirements and prediction accuracy.In contrast to traditional network paradigms, network models based on the transformer structure have the charac#2;teristics of parallel computing, position encoding, and deep stacking, which have enabled good performance innatural language processing tasks in recent years. Therefore, in this paper, a transformer-based neural network(TBNN) model is proposed to achieve nuclide identification for the first time. First, the Geant4 program wasused to generate the basic single-nuclide energy spectrum through Monte Carlo simulations. A multi-nuclideenergy spectrum database was established for neural network training using random matrices of γ-ray energy,activity, and noise. Based on the encoder-decoder structure, a network topology based on the transformer wasbuilt, transforming the 1024-channel energy spectrum data into a 32 × 32 energy spectrum sequence as themodel input. Through experiments and adjustments of model parameters, including the learning rate of theTBNN model, number of attention heads, and number of network stacking layers, the overall recognition ratereached 98.7%. Additionally, this database was used for training AI models such as back-propagation networks,convolutional neural networks, residual networks, and long short-term memory neural networks, with overallrecognition rates of 92.8%, 95.3%, 96.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. This indicates that the TBNN model exhib#2;ited better nuclide identification among these AI models, providing an important reference and theoretical basisfor the practical application of transformers in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the γ spectrum.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-07-30
摘要： Track reconstruction algorithms are critical for polarization measurements. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a promising alternative to traditional moment-based track reconstruction approaches. However, the hexagonal grid track images obtained using gas pixel detectors (GPDs) for better anisotropy do not match the classical rectangle-based CNN, and converting the track images from hexagonal to square results in a loss of information.We developed a new hexagonal CNN algorithm for track reconstruction and polarization estimation in X-ray polarimeters, which was used to extract the emission angles and absorption points from photoelectron track images and predict the uncertainty of the predicted emission angles. The simulated data from the PolarLight test were used to train and test the hexagonal CNN models. For individual energies, the hexagonal CNN algorithm produced 15%–30% improvements in the modulation factor compared to the moment analysis method for 100% polarized data, and its performance was comparable to that of the rectangle-based CNN algorithm that was recently developed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer team, but at a lower computational and storage cost for preprocessing.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-07-29
摘要： 烧绿石是一种高水平放射性废物的潜在候选固化材料，研究烧绿石固化体的辐照效应具有重要意义。用400 keV Ne2+以及6.5 MeV Xe26+分别对Y2-xCexTi2O7+y (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) 系列烧绿石模拟固化体进行平均损伤剂量均约为0.16 dpa的辐照。在Ne2+辐照下，随Ce含量增大，样品依次经历了“晶格畸变-相分离-部分非晶”的损伤过程；在Xe26+辐照下，样品的晶格畸变和非晶化的损伤效应相较于Ne2+辐照的样品更为显著，但所有样品都并未观察到相分离现象。这种损伤过程的差异，或与缺陷积累速度有关。6.5 MeV Xe离子在Y2-xCexTi2O7+y的核能损比重为29.88%，大于400 keV Ne离子的核能损比重（17.15%）。因此，Xe离子辐照下的样品缺陷积累更快，缺陷簇更稳定，可以直接由晶格畸变的烧绿石发生非晶化。这一结果有助于材料辐照效应研究中在特定辐照改性目标下的离子束种类和能量的选择。
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-07-28
摘要： In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR), secondarycircuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel, wherea molten lead-based alloy (typically pure lead or lead bismuth eutectic (LBE)) is used as the coolant. To clarifythe pressure build-up characteristics under water jet injection, this study conducted several experiments by injectingpressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University. To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted, including the melt temperature, water subcooling, injectionpressure, injection duration, and nozzle diameter. Through detailed analyses, it was found that the pressureand temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous waterdroplet injection mode LBE experiment. Similarly, the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed, whichtypically results in a much stronger pressure buildup. For the non-explosion cases, increasing the injectionpressure, melt-pool temperature, nozzle diameter, and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the meltpool. However, a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration, which maybe owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steamcavity. Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred, the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversionefficiencies of the melt were relatively small (not exceeding 4.1% and 0.7%, respectively). Moreover, therange of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water droplet experiments, although the upperlimit of the jet mode was slightly lower.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-07-17
摘要： We present a theoretical study of the medium modifications on the $p_T$ balance ($x_J$) of dijets in Xe+Xe collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV. The initial production of dijets is carried out by the POWHEG+PYTHIA8 prescription, which matches the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD matrix elements with the parton shower (PS) effect. The in-medium evolution in nucleus-nucleus collisions is described by the SHELL model with a transport approach. The theoretical results of the dijet $x_J$ in Xe+Xe collisions exhibit more imbalanced distributions than that in p+p, consistent with the recently reported ATLAS data. By utilizing the Interleaved Flavor Neutralisation, an infrared-and-collinear-safe jet flavor algorithm, to identify the flavor of the reconstructed jets, we classify dijets processes into three categories: gluon-gluon (gg), quark-gluon (qg) and quark-quark (qq), and investigate the respective medium modification patterns and fraction changes of the gg, qg, and qq components of the dijet sample in Xe+Xe collisions. It is shown that the qg component plays a key role in the increased imbalance of the dijet $x_J$ , and especially the $q_1g_2$ (quark-jet-leading) dijets experience more significant asymmetric energy loss than the $g_1q_2$ (gluon-jet-leading) dijets as traversing the QGP. By comparing the $∆⟨x_J⟩$ of inclusive, ccbar and bbbar dijets in Xe+Xe collisions, we observe $∆⟨x_J⟩_{incl.} > ∆⟨x_J⟩_{ccbar} > ∆⟨x_J⟩_{bbbar}$. Moreover, $ρ_{Xe,Pb}$, the ratios of nuclear modification factors of dijets in Xe+Xe to that in Pb+Pb, are calcualted, which indicates that the yield suppression of dijets in Pb+Pb is more pronounced than that in Xe+Xe due to the larger radius of the lead nucleus.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-07-13
摘要： 加速器电子束参数的无损间接测量是一个难题，储存环上传统的X射线针孔成像（X-ray pinhole imaging）方法和直线加速器上的狭缝衍射法（ODR）都存在不足之处。激光康普顿散射（Laser Compton Scattering，简称LCS）装置是利用相对论电子与低能光子相互碰撞产生高能伽马束的新光源。文中提出了一种基于激光康普顿散射光源测量能谱提取电子束参数的方法，该研究旨在通过自主开发的基于Geant4的蒙特卡洛程序模拟重建出与实验测量能谱符合一致的模拟谱，从而获得电子束参数，包括水平方向束斑尺寸、电子能量和发射度。在对上海同步辐射装置（SSRF，简称上海光源）的激光伽马光束线站（SLEGS）上的多碰撞角度伽马测量能谱做了一致性的验证,结果表明：提取的上海光源储存环电子束参数与理论值符合得较好。这证明了激光康普顿散射是一个有效的电子束参数无损间接测量方法，为后续其他电子束的提取奠定基础。
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-07-09
摘要： The validity of the isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME) is of fundamental importance due to the basicconcept of isospin. Recently, a serious breakdown was found in the 𝐴 = 54 𝑇 = 3 isospin septet, the largest isospinsystem where the validity of IMME have been tested up to now. Motivated by this previous study, the masses of specificisobaric analogue states have been revisited using recent results from advanced mass measurement experiments. It isfound that the IMME holds well in 𝐴 = 50 and 46 isospin septets and the coefficients of IMME also follow the systematictrends. Mass excess values for 50Ni and 46Fe, are predicted to be -3932(20) keV and 898(67) keV, respectively.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-28
Yong Sun
Qi-Biao Wang
Peng-Cheng Li
Ming Xia
Bin Liu
He-Yong Huo
Wei Yin
Yang Wu
Sheng Wang
Chao Cao
Xin Yang
Run-Dong Li
Hang Li
Bin Tang
摘要： Nuclear energy is a vital source of clean energy that will continue to play an essential role in global energy production for future generations. Nuclear fuel rods are core components of nuclear power plants, and their safe utilization is paramount. Due to its inherent high radioactivity, indirect neutron radiography (INR) is currently the only viable technology for irradiated nuclear fuel rods in the field of energy production. This study explores the experimental technique of indirect neutron computed tomography (INCT) for radioactive samples. This project includes the development of indium and dysprosium conversion screens of different thicknesses and conducts resolution tests to assess their performance. Moreover, a pressurized water reactor (PWR) dummy nuclear fuel rods have been fabricated by self-developing substitute materials for cores and outsourcing of mechanical processing. Experimental research on the INR is performed using the developed dummy nuclear fuel rods. The sparse reconstruction technique is used to reconstruct the INR results of 120 pairs of dummy nuclear fuel rods at different angles, achieving a resolution of 0.8 mm for defect detection using INCT.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-25
摘要： 传统的中子俘获反应截面测量主要通过测量靶核与中子反应后生成的所有伽马射线，再利用理论方法计算目标反应的比例进而得到中子俘获截面。这类方法对理论具有依赖性，并且多种反应道的综合效应会掩盖目标反应的结构特征，在理论预测的共振区得到的也是平滑的截面数据。利用能量分辨高的伽马探测器针对可以代表反应产额的特征伽马谱线进行测量，可以排除其它反应道的干扰，得到准确的中子俘获反应的截面。本文以91Zr(n,gamma) 92Zr反应为例，在中国散列白光中子源上利用此方法对反应截面进行了测量。在理论预测的共振区测到了明显的共振现象，在非共振区的结果与前人的数据在误差范围内保持一致。这表明此方法具有可靠性，并比传统方法具有更高的准确性，希望为其它反应截面的测量提供一种新的思路。
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-25
摘要： In conventional isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS) performed at a storage ring, the precision of mass measurement for short-lived nuclei depends on the precise determination of the revolution times (Ts) of stored ions. However, the resolution of T inevitably deteriorates due to the magnetic rigidity spread of the ions, resulting in limited mass resolving power. In this work, we measure the betatron tune Q (the number of betatron oscillations within a single revolution) of the ions, and construct a correlation between T and Q. From this correlation, the T are transformed corresponding to a fixed Q with higher resolution. Using the transformed Ts, we re-determine the masses of 63Ge, 65As, 67Se, and 71Kr, which agree well with the mass values measured by the newly developed IMS (Bρ-IMS). We also study the systematics of Coulomb displacement energies (CDEs) and find that the anomalous staggering in CDEs is removed using the new mass values. This method of T transformation is very useful for the conventional IMS equipped with a single time-of-flight detector.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-24
Zhi-Jun Chi
Hong-Ze Zhang
Jin Lin
Xuan-Qi Zhang
Hao Ding
Qi-Li Tian
Zhi Zhang
Ying-Chao Du
Wen-Hui Huang
Chuan-Xiang Tang
摘要： Owing to the Thomson scattering between relativistic electrons and a laser, continuously polarization-tunable X-rays can be easily generated, providing an excellent probe for advanced X-ray imaging. In this paper, a method for simultaneous fluorescence and Compton scattering computed tomography is proposed using linearly polarized X-rays. The proposed method feasibility was verified using Monte Carlo simulations. In the simulations, the phantom is a polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) cylinder inside which are cylindrical columns containing aluminum, water, and gold (Au)-loaded water solutions with Au concentrations ranging between 0.5--4.0 wt%, and a parallel hole collimator imaging geometry was adopted. By adjusting the incident X-ray polarization direction, both the X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) and Compton scattering computed tomography (CSCT) images of the phantom were accurately reconstructed using a maximum-likelihood expectation maximization algorithm. A similar attenuation contrast problem for the different cylindrical columns in the phantom can be resolved in the XFCT and CSCT images. The interplay between XFCT and CSCT was analyzed and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the reconstruction was improved by correcting for the mutual influence between the two imaging modalities. Compared with K-edge subtraction imaging, XFCT exhibits a CNR advantage for the phantom.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射防护技术 分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-23
摘要： The impact of the radiation dose produced by 222Rn/220Rn and its progeny on human health has garneredincreasing interest in the nuclear research field. The establishment of robust, regulatory, and competent 220Rnchambers is crucial for accurately measuring radioactivity levels. However, studying the uniformity of the 220Rnprogeny through experimental methods is challenging, because measuring the concentration of 220Rn and itsprogeny in multiple spatial locations simultaneously and in real time using experimental methods is difficult.Therefore, achieving precise control of the concentration of 220Rn and its progeny as well as the reliable samplingof the progeny pose significant challenges. To solve this problem, this study uses computational fluid dynamicsto obtain the flow-field data of the 220Rn chamber under different wind speeds and progeny-replenishment rates.Qualitative analysis of the concentration distribution of the progeny and quantitative analysis of the progenyconcentration and uniformity of the progeny concentration are conducted. The research findings indicatedthat the progeny-concentration level is primarily influenced by wind speed and the progeny-complement rate.Wind speed also plays a crucial role in determining progeny-concentration uniformity, whereas the progeny-complement rate has minimal impact on uniformity. To ensure the accuracy of 220Rn progeny-concentrationsampling, we propose a methodology for selecting an appropriate sampling area based on varying progenyconcentrations. This study holds immense importance for enhancing the regulation and measurement standardsof 220Rn and its progeny.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 分类： 工程与技术科学 >> 工程通用技术 提交时间： 2024-06-21
摘要： For tracking and tagging the cosmic-ray muon (CR-muon), the Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) experiment is equipped with a top veto tracker (TVT) system composed of 160 modules, each consisting of plastic scintillator (PS) strip as target material, embedded wavelength shifting fiber (WLS-fiber) as photon collection and transmission medium, and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) at both ends as read-out. This article introduces the unique design of the module and reports the excellent performance of all modules, providing guidance and important reference for the process design of scintillation detectors with WLS-fibers. In general, when the CR-muon hits the center of plastic scintillator and without optical grease, the most probable value of the signal amplitude at one end of the PS strip is greater than 40.8 p.e. and 51.5 p.e. for all the 2 m-length modules and 1.5 m-length modules respectively. The CR-muon tagging efficiency of PS module is measured to be more than 99.3%, which meets the requirement of TAO.
分类： 物理学 >> 基本粒子与场物理学 分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-20
Xiaozhou Yu
Xiyang Wang
Weihu Ma
Shihong Fu
Pengfei Sun
Jinxing Song
Wanbin He
Yang Shen
Long Ma
Jinhui Chen
Huan Zhong Huang
Siguang Wang
Jing Zhou
Xiaomei Li
摘要： The sPHENIX experiment is a new generation of large acceptance detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory with scientific goals focusing on probing the strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) with hard probes of jets, open heavy flavor particles and $ Upsilon$ production. The EMCal detector, covering the pseudo-rapidity region of $ eta leq 1.1$, is an essential subsystem of sPHENIX. In this paper, we focus on the production and test for the EMCal blocks covering a pseudo-rapidity of $ eta in 0.8 , 1.1 $. These, in conjunction with central pseudo-rapidity EMCal blocks, significantly enhance the sPHENIX physics capability of jet and $ Upsilon$ particle measurements. In this paper, detector module production and testing of the sPHENIX W-powder/Scintillating Fiber (W/ScFi) Electromagnetic Calorimeter Blocks are presented. Selection of the tungsten powder, mold fabrication, QA procedures and cosmic ray test results are discussed.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-20
摘要： Synchrotron microscopic data commonly suffer from poor image quality with degraded resolution incurred by instrumentation defects or experimental conditions. Image restoration methods are often applied to recover the reduced resolution, providing improved image details that can greatly facilitate scientific discovery. Among these methods, deconvolution techniques are straightforward, yet either require known prior information or struggle to tackle large experimental data. Deep learning (DL)-based super-resolution (SR) methods handle large data well, however data scarcity and model generalizability are problematic. In addition, current image restoration methods are mostly offline and inefficient for many beamlines where high data volumes and data complexity issuesare encountered. To overcome these limitations, an online image-restoration pipeline that adaptably selects suitable algorithms and models from a method repertoire is promising. In this study, using both deconvolution and pretrained DL-based SR models, we showthatdifferent restoration efficacies can be achieved on different types of synchrotron experimental data. We describe the necessity, feasibility, and significance of constructing suchan image-restoration pipeline for future synchrotron experiments.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-06-15
摘要： 离子回旋共振同位素分离（Ion Cyclotron Resonance Isotope Separation, ICR-IS）方法自上世纪提出以来，受到了世界各国研究者和产业界的广泛关注。本文基于国内外研究者公开发表的有关ICR-IS的研究成果，综述了ICR-IS方法的基本原理、装置基本结构、产生显著同位素分离效应需要满足的主要约束条件，以及用于不同种类同位素分离的ICR理论与实验研究进展，进而简要探讨了推动该方法走向实际工程应用仍需深入研究的关键科学问题。
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