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您选择的条件: 核探测技术与核电子学
  • CMOS direct conversion X-ray detector coupled with fluorinated liquid

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-06-25

    摘要: X-ray detectors show potential applications in medical imaging, materials science, and nuclear energy. To achieve high detection efficiency and spatial resolution, many conventional semiconductor materials, such as amorphous selenium, cadmium telluride zinc, and perovskites have been utilized in direct conversion X-ray detectors. However, these semiconductor materials are susceptible to temperature-induced performance degradation, crystallization, delamination, uneven lattice growth, radiation damage, and high dark current. This study explores a new approach by coupling an FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid with a specialized high-resolution and high-readout-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) pixel array, specifically the Topmetal $ textrm{ uppercase expandafter{ romannumeral2}}^{-}$ chip, to fabricate a direct conversion X-ray detector. The fluorinated liquid FC40 (molecular formula: $ ce{C^{21}F^{48}N^2}$) is an electronic medium that is minimally affected by temperature and displays no issues with uniform conductivity. It exhibits a low dark current and minimal radiation damage and enables customizable thickness in X-ray absorption. This addresses the limitations inherent in conventional semiconductor-based detectors. In this study, simple X-ray detector imaging tests were conducted, demonstrating the excellent coupling capability between FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid and CMOS chips by the X-ray detector. A spatial resolution of SI{4.0}{lp/mm} was measured using a striped line par card, and a relatively clear image of a cockroach was displayed in the digital radiography imaging results. Preliminary test results indicated the feasibility of fabricating an X-ray detector by combining FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid and CMOS chips. Owing to the absence of issues related to chip-material coupling, a high spatial resolution could be achieved by reducing the chip pixel size. This method presents a new avenue for studies on novel liquid-based direct conversion X-ray detectors.

  • 基于Geant4模拟的41Ar β-γ符合探测器研究

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-06-03

    摘要: 41Ar是反应堆和加速器运行释放到环境中的主要放射性核素之一,具有半衰期短的特点。由于β-γ符合法能显著降低本底、提高探测器灵敏度,为了实现41Ar高灵敏度测量,设计了由BC404和CsI(Tl)组成的β-γ符合闪烁体探测器,并建立了以最小可探测活度浓度(Minimum Detectable Activity Concentration,MDC)为优化目标的探测器结构优化方法。首先,运用Geant4对β射线在CsI(Tl)中的泄漏率进行模拟,选择BC404厚度为3 mm,此时泄漏率为0.73%;其次,对不同的气体腔尺寸进行模拟,分析计算β探测效率、γ峰效率、气体腔体积和取样时间对MDC的综合影响,完成探测器的结构优化;最后,分析了本底计数率和测量时间对MDC的影响。当测量时间为200分钟、处理时间为30分钟、本底计数率为5×10-3 cps时,优化后的探测器对41Ar的MDC估算值为1.7 Bq/m3。

  • Boron shielding design for neutron and gamma detectors of a pulsed neutron tool

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-05-27

    摘要: Shielding material is critical for downhole pulsed neutron tool design as it directly influences the accuracy of formation measurements. A well-designed shield configuration ensures that the response of the tool is maximally representative of formation without being impacted by tool and borehole environment. This manuscript investigates the effects of boron-containing materials on neutron and gamma detectors based on a newly designed logging-while-drilling tool, which is currently undergoing manufacturing process. As boron content increases, its ability to absorb thermal neutrons significantly enhances. Through simulation, it is proven that boron carbide (B4C) can be used as an effective boron shielding material for thermal neutrons and therefore employed in this work. To shield against thermal neutrons migrating from mud pipes, the optimal shielding thicknesses for near and far neutron detectors are determined to be 5mm and 4mm. For an example, at a porosity of 25 p.u., the near neutron sensitivity shows a 5.6% increase in response. Furthermore, in order to shield capture gamma generated by thermal neutrons once they enter tool from the mud pipe and formation, the internal and external shields for the gamma detector is evaluated. Results show internal shield needs 75% boron content while the external shield is of 14.2mm thickness and 25% boron content to minimize tool effect.

  • Development of a MWDC prototype of the CSR external-target experiment

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-05-21

    摘要: The cooling storage ring (CSR) external-target experiment (CEE) is a spectrometer used in construction to study the properties of nuclear matter inhigh-baryon density regionsat the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL). This study presentsthe design, simulation, manufacturing,and testingof ahalf-size prototype of amulti-wire drift chamber (MWDC) for the CEE. First, theperformance of the MWDCconnected tohome-made electronics was simulated. The results demonstratedthat an energy resolution of 18.5% for 5.9-keVX-rays and a position resolution of 194 um for protons can be achieved bythe current design. Becausethe size of the largest MWDCreached176× 314 cm, a set of 98× 98 cm prototypes was built using the new techniques. The positioning accuracy of the anode wires inthis prototype exceeded20 um. After optimizationusing commercially available electronicdevices, the prototype achievedan energy resolution of 19.7% for a 55FeX-ray source. The CEE-MWDCdetector and electronics were simultaneouslytested. An energy resolution of 22% was achievedfor the 55Fesource;the track residuals were approximately330 umfor the cosmic rays. The results demonstrate that the current design and techniquesmeet the requirementsof the CEE-MWDCarray.

  • 双输出SiPM前置放大器设计与分析

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-05-21

    摘要: 为了适配闪烁体与硅光电倍增管(Silicon photomultiplier, SiPM)耦合探测器的不同应用场景,设计了基于OPA855芯片的跨阻放大器(Transimpedance Amplifier, TIA)和电压反馈放大器(Voltage Feedback Amplifier, VFB)。跨阻放大器的带宽为101MHz低于电压反馈放大器的381MHz,但其基线噪声 σnoise≅ 448.32μV优于电压反馈放大器的 σnoise≅ 680.96μV。实验结果表明:两类前置放大器均可提供高带宽和低输入噪声,并用于SiPM不同的输出模式。室温下,采用SiPM耦合掺铈钆铝镓石榴石(Cerium-doped Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet, GAGG(Ce))探头对 241Am源进行信号测量,分析了SiPM标准输出脉冲和快输出脉冲的影响因素和适用场景。

  • 随钻密度中子一体化中的伽马影响因素分析

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-05-18

    摘要: 由于传统中子和密度测量仪器的独立性,为提高地层信息的安全性和效率,针对已有中子和密度仪器进行一体化设计,以合并中子密度部分,并详细分析一体化设计中的伽马影响因素。为了深入研究中子和伽马源之间的距离对探测器测量的影响,利用蒙特卡罗模拟,分析不同中子和伽马源距离下的探测器计数和能谱,并在不同岩性和密度情况下验证其正确性。研究结果表明,保持真实仪器源距、中子源强等参数不变,在中子和伽马源相距410mm的情况下,中子辐射场对密度测量结果没有显著影响,反演密度误差均小于0.015g/cm3。由于同类放射源可能具有不同源强,会对仪器准确的测量产生影响,在进行一体化设计时对中子放射源源强影响进行了评估,推导出中子源源强与两源之间的最佳距离的数值模型,可以对现场仪器测试进行快速性能评估,并对一体化设计进行理论的指导。

  • 基于TMSR-PNS的宽能区中子束流监测器的模拟研究

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-05-11

    摘要: 针对钍基熔盐堆白光中子源(TMSR-PNS)在运行过程中出现中子束流掉束或打火导致的束流不稳定的问题,有必要设计研发一种具有高计数率、低中子束流影响、高中子/伽马甄别性能的中子束流监测器。基于蒙特卡洛模拟软件Geant4系统研究了薄膜塑料闪烁中子束流监测器的中子转换层厚度、闪烁体厚度、以及外壳材料等关键参数对薄膜闪烁体的影响规律,分析结果表明:闪烁体中子转换层厚度约为2 um时具有相对合适的本征探测效率,闪烁体厚度为2 mm、甄别阈值为0.1 MeV时监测器具备伽马射线不灵敏性能。同时,通过对比不同外壳材料对于γ射线产生电子的影响,选取电子产生较少的铁作为外壳材料。研究结果可为后续的中子束流监测器实物制备提供理论依据。

  • 超细X射线密度测井仪器优化设计与测量验证

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-05-07

    摘要: 随着油气开采的深入,作为新一代可控源,X射线密度测井仪器设计和测量方法的研究受到广泛关注。以超细伽马仪器为原型,将伽马源更改为X射线源,具体内容包括:1)X射线源能谱模拟匹配;2)通过探测效率、地层灵敏度、探测深度等指标综合指导仪器关键参数正向设计;3)基于多变量正反演方法开展X射线密度测量,并与伽马测井进行对比。结果显示:X射线仪器的近、远探测器源距设置为110mm和290mm时可达到比伽马仪器更高的探测指标。相较于伽马测井,X射线测井具有更佳的地层灵敏度、垂直分辨率和地层测量准度。地层密度和Pe分别满足0.015g/cm3和0.2b/e以内,尤其在重泥饼场景中,Pe测量准度提升了47%。这些研究为仪器正向设计以及X射线密度测量提供了参考。

  • 超细X射线密度测井仪器优化设计与测量验证

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-05-06

    摘要: 随着油气开采的深入,作为新一代可控源,X射线密度测井仪器设计和测量方法的研究受到广泛关注。以超细伽马仪器为原型,将伽马源更改为X射线源,具体内容包括:1)X射线源能谱模拟匹配;2)通过探测效率、地层灵敏度、探测深度等指标综合指导仪器关键参数正向设计;3)基于多变量正反演方法开展X射线密度测量,并与伽马测井进行对比。结果显示:X射线仪器的近、远探测器源距设置为110mm和290mm时可达到比伽马仪器更高的探测指标。相较于伽马测井,X射线测井具有更佳的地层灵敏度、垂直分辨率和地层测量准度。地层密度和Pe分别满足0.015g/cm3和0.2b/e以内,尤其在重泥饼场景中,Pe测量准度提升了47%。这些研究为仪器正向设计以及X射线密度测量提供了参考。

  • Construction and performance test of charged particle detector array for MATE

    分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-04-28

    摘要: A charged particle array, named MATE-PA, which serves as an auxiliary detec#2;tor system to the Multi-purpose Active-target Time projection chamber for nuclear astrophysical and exotic beam Experiments (MATE) has been con#2;structed. The array is composed of twenty single-sided strip-silicon detectors, covering around 10% of the solid angle. It is dedicated for the detection of reaction-induced charged particles which penetrate the MATE active volume. The performance of MATE-PA has been experimentally studied using an alpha source, and a 36-MeV 14N beam injected into the chamber of MATE, filled with a mixture gas of 95% 4He and 5% CO2 under the pressure of 500 mbar, at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL). The results demonstrate good separation of light charged particles with the forward double-layer silicon detectors of MATE-PA. The energy resolution of the Si detectors was deduced to be about 1% (σ) for an energy loss of about 10 MeV by the α particles. The inclusion of MATE-PA helps improve particle identification, and increases the dynamic range for the kinetic energy of charged particles, in particular that of α particles up to about 15 MeV.

  • 硅电荷探测器束流样机地检系统研制

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-04-26

    摘要: 高能宇宙辐射探测设施(HERD)是计划部署在中国空间站上的旗舰级科学装置,旨在间接探测暗物质、精确测量宇宙线成分以及进行高能伽马射线的巡天观测。其中,硅电荷探测器是HERD的关键组成部分之一,用于测量从氢到镍的宇宙射线的电荷。为了对硅电荷探测器的电荷测量能力进行验证和分析,设计了硅电荷探测器束流样机的地检系统。该系统采用了Xilinx公司的ZYNQ UltraScale+ MPSoC芯片作为控制芯片,并实现了LVDS数据接收、编解码、RS-422控制和千兆以太网数据接收存储功能。硅电荷探测器束流样机参加了欧洲核子中心的重核束流实验,地检系统在束流实验采集了100G实验数据,功能稳定可靠为HERD项目硅电荷探测器的后续实验提供了重要的技术支持和数据基础。

  • 面向多维度测量的硅像素探测器读出芯片IMPix-N1的设计

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-04-19

    摘要: 为满足高能物理实验对基本粒子检测和分析的需求,现代像素探测器研发日益趋向追求低功耗、高分辨率、高读出效率的性能要求。本文研究了一款名为IMPix-N1的硅像素探测器数模混合读出芯片,像素阵列由16行×16列像素单元构成,每个像素单元面积为100μm×100μm,像素阵列部分以1行×8列的像素单元为一个超级像素,其具有共同的逻辑电路进行控制。芯片具有像素配置模式和三种像素地址读出方式的工作模式,实现了对击中粒子时间、能量及位置信息的测量、存储及读出。时间数字转换电路(TDC)可以同时测量和记录粒子的到达时间 TOA 和过阈时间 TOT,时间测量精度为5ns。IMPix-N1适用于要求高时间、空间分辨率以及快速数据获取能力的粒子探测实验。在TSMC 180 nm工艺下,芯片整体使用digital-on-top的方法进行设计。本设计对像素单元数字电路、超级像素控制电路和外围数字电路进行仿真验证,前后仿真结果一致,满足设计要求。

  • 电容积分式放射性活度计的研制

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-04-07

    摘要: 在现场快速准确地实现放射性核素活度测量在放射性医学诊断中具有重要作用。本文采用电容积分式的电路结构,设计了低噪声前置放大器电路,并与高精度信号采集与处理电路相配合,成功研制了弱电流测量电路,实现了20 fA~10 μA弱电流测量。结合前端井型电离室,搭建了电容积分式放射性活度计的原型装置。测试结果表明:本文研制的放射性活度计重复性与商用RM-905A性能基本一致,本底小于0.065 MBq,重复性不超过0.84%,不稳定性为1.94%。

  • 高帧频面探测器分布式数据获取软件研究

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-03-28

    摘要: 高帧频面探测器是上海硬X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai HIgh repetitioN rate xfel and Extreme light facility,SHINE)上开展相干衍射成像、串行晶体学等科学实验的关键设备。面探测器所产生的海量数据的高速传输和处理对数据获取(DAQ)软件提出了极大挑战。为满足百万像素规模、10kHz帧频的面探测器数据传输要求,DAQ需实现≥20 GB·s-1的稳定数据传输能力。本研究开发了基于C++的分布式DAQ软件,旨在实现高速并行的数据读出,满足高帧频面探测器的数据获取。本研究成功实现了4个节点20 GB·s-1的高通量数据传输和事例重建能力,并对数据刻度、无损压缩等数据预处理功能以及软件整体的分布式运行进行了实现和测试。本研究可以为采用面探测器的相关实验的超高通量数据获取提供必要支持。

  • 探测器工作气体性质的激光与放射源实验研究

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-03-20

    摘要: 气体探测器中工作气体的平均电离能、法诺因子及漂移速度等性质对于探测器的前期模拟及参数设计乃至径迹重建有着重要影响。SeF6 作为国内无中微子双贝塔衰变实验中的目标工作气体,相关参数未知需要探究。为研究该气体相关参数设计了一套测量方案, 并采用 Ar/CH4=90/10(P10) 工作气体对该实验方案的测量精度和可靠性进行了检验。实验中通过屏栅电离室测量 𝛼 源得出 P10 平均电离能为 27.10±0.04 eV、当能量分辨率达到 0.91% 时,刻度电子学后扣除噪声得到法诺因子为 0.175±0.001。同时采用266 nm 激光和时间投影室完成漂移速度的测量,其结果与 Garifield++ 模拟结果吻合。实验结果表明该测量方案可行,测量结果可靠性高。为后续开展 SeF6 性质的研究工作做好了准备。

  • 软X射线探测中阶梯型信号的处理电路设计与仿真

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-03-15

    摘要: 在软X射线能谱探测中,采用硅漂移探测器(Silicon Drift Detector,SDD)与复位型电荷灵敏前置放大器集成的一体化探测设备,其输出信号为包含射线能谱信息的阶梯型锯齿波。文章针对该设备产生的阶梯型锯齿波信号无法直接精确提取幅度信息的问题,提出了一种用模拟电路对该信号进行整形放大处理的方案,并通过Cadence软件仿真的方法,探究了此方案的可行性以及在该方案下影响能谱能量分辨率的因素。文章还通过对比不同噪声幅度输入时电路的输出信号,最终得到在相应的能量分辨率指标要求下前放输出信号噪声指标的最低要求。

  • Design and prototyping of the readout electronics for the transition radiation detector in the High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection facility

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-03-07

    摘要: The High Energy Cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is planned to launch in 2027 and scheduled to be installed on the China Space Station. It serves as a dark matter particle detector, a cosmic ray instrument, and an observatory for high-energy gamma rays. A transition radiation detector placed on one of its lateral sides serves dual purpose, (i) calibrating HERD’s electromagnetic calorimeter in the TeV energy range, and (ii) serving as an independent detector for high-energy gamma rays. In this paper, the prototype readout electronics design of the transition radiation detector is demonstrated, which aims to accurately measure the charge of the anodes using the SAMPA application specific integrated circuit chip. The electronic performance of the prototype system is evaluated in terms of noise, linearity, and resolution. Through the presented design, each electronic channel can achieve a dynamic range of 0-100 fC, the RMS noise level not exceeding 0.15 fC, and the integral nonlinearity was less than 0.2%. To further verify the readout electronic performance, a joint test with the detector was carried out, and the results show that the prototype system can satisfy the requirements of the detector’s scientific goals.

  • 一种高计数率的能损探测器方案研究

    分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-02-27

    摘要: 正在建设中的强流重离子加速器装置 HIAF 配备了一条先进的放射性束流线 HFRS,建成后将为中国 高能放射性核束物理研究提供新的机遇。HFRS 的特点是流强极高 (初级束流强度 1 × 1011 ppp),这对用于粒 子鉴别的能损探测器提出了非常高的计数率要求。传统的能损探测器对信号处理一般依次采用电荷灵敏前放、 主放、ADC 的技术路线。该方案存在电子学响应速度较慢、灵活性较差、难以处理高计数率下信号堆积严重 等问题。我们对此提出一种新的适用于高计数率的能损探测器方案:以耐辐照的多次取样电离室为能损探测 器,优化结构和读出方式提高探测器响应速度,使用快电荷灵敏前放对能损探测器信号初步放大后、直接用 波形数字化仪采集波形再进行后续数字算法处理。并利用放射源和束流对该方案进行了验证测试。利用 3 组 分 𝛼 源测试时,对采集的波形使用数字成形算法处理,能量分辨率(FWHM)可达 1.31%。在 RIBLL2 提供 300 MeV/u 的 56Fe 束流测试中,采用时间常数 𝜏f = 2 𝜇𝑠 的快电荷灵敏前放在计数率接近 1 MHz 时仍未发生明显堆积。

  • HIRFL-CSR 外靶实验终端 Veto 探测器的刻度

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-02-26

    摘要: 使用宇宙射线对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环 (HIRFL-CSR) 外靶实验终端 (ETF) 的 Veto 探测器开展了刻度工作,工作主要分为位置刻度与时间刻度两部分。位置刻度可给出粒子在探测器上的击中位置,时间刻度则能为粒子在探测器上击中时刻的探测建立统一标准。这些信息是剔除入射到中子墙探测器的带电粒子事件的依据,可为中子墙探测器物理目标的实现提供重要支持。在刻度过程中,得到了 Veto 探测器的位置分辨半高全宽 (FWHM) 为 2.53 cm,所有单元条时间归一后的时间分辨 FWHM 为 1.09 ns。

  • Design and test for the CEPC muon subdetector based on extruded scintillator and SiPM

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-02-25

    摘要: A combination of scintillator, wavelength shifting (WLS) fiber, and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) shows excellent performance in the `KLandμdetector (KLM)' of the Belle II experiment. We describe the RD for a similar detection technology with a new scintillator and SiPM, which can be implemented for a muon detector for the proposed CEPC experiment and the upgrade of KLM in Belle II. The RD contains the study of the performance of a new scintillator with a length of 150 cm, the NDL SiPM with a sensitive surface of 3 mm×3 mm or the Hamamatsu MPPC with a sensitive surface of 1.3 mm×1.3 mm, the construction of a detector strip, and the methods to achieve excellent light collection. The cosmic ray tests show good photon collections by NDL SiPM or MPPC, efficiencies well above 90% with a threshold of 8 p.e., and time resolutions of better than 1.7 ns for the hits at the far end of a scintillator strip. The performance shows a good option for an excellent muon detector for CEPC and the possible upgrade of Belle II KLM.