Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Ruminant livestock such as cattle and sheep can provide high-quality beef, mutton and milk, which are high-quality protein sources meeting the increasingly diverse food consumption needs for human being. Developing high-quality herbivorous animal husbandry is a concrete practice of practicing the “Greater Food” approach. The precise supply of forages and concentrates meeting the requirements of all nutrients in the whole life cycle is vital for cost saving and efficiency increasing of ruminant livestock industry, which is an important way to high-quality development. The whole life cycle nutrition is developed on the basis of traditional ruminant nutrition and new technologies made breakthroughs in understanding life and health. Its essence lies in optimizing the ration formulation based on the theory of systematic nutrition regulation and the theory of short-term and long-term effects of early life nutrition, with a final goal to establish precision nutrition system in combination with technologies in big data and artificial intelligence. Compared with the traditional technology in ration formulation, it is obviously scientific, systematic, and progressive. In this study, the concept, significance, and goals of whole life cycle nutrition in ruminants are briefly introduced. This paper elaborates the key scientific issues and technological problems in the development of whole life cycle nutrition system of ruminant livestock in China, and summarizes the research progress on nutrition regulation, diet formulation, and fundamental research on the long-term impact of early life nutrition in ruminants. Finally, taking the development of modern grassland sheep industry in Hulun Buir State Farm Conglomerate as an example, the concept of building whole life cycle nutrition and promoting high-quality development of ruminant livestock industry is discussed from the aspects of whole life cycle division, whole diet formula, and whole industry chain.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the past 40 years, the animal husbandry industry in China has been developed very fast through the technological and social development. It has been changed into a new stage from quantity to quality of the animal products, and more attention has been paid on the healthy food. The functional animal products will be an important breakthrough for the high-quality development of animal husbandry. This paper reviews the current animal husbandry industry and functional products of herbivorous animal husbandry in China and abroad. Several key scientific and technological issues on functional milk and meat are analyzed. Practical exploration including biotechnology (genetic breeding and biosynthesis) and non-biotechnology (feeding technology) on how to develop the production of functional milk and meat is proposed. It is expected that we can study and consolidate the regulationtheory and technology of functional milk and meat of herbivorous animal husbandry by supports from the national strategic level. It will be significantly important to guide the sustainable development of herbivorous livestock and human diet consumption, and to build the domestic flagship brand of milk and meat products in China.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在探讨在饲粮中应用玉米替代象草，增加能量水平对肉牛生长、消化及血清生化指标的影响，从而为肉牛育肥过程中合理使用能量饲料提供依据。选取30头21月龄左右的杂交公牛[（449.4±45.7） kg]，随机分为3组，分别为低能组、中能组和高能组，对应饲粮干物质中玉米和象草的含量分别为12.5%、22.5%、32.5%和60.0%、50.0%、40.0%，每组10头。试验期45 d，其中预试期5 d，正试期40 d。正试期内测定平均日增重、料重比,并计算经济效益；最后5 d用全收粪法测定干物质表观消化率；最后2 d分别于晨饲前及晨饲后2.5、6.0 h测定瘤胃液pH；最后1 d采集血液用于测定血清生化指标。结果表明：1）平均日增重以高能组最高（1.31 kg/d），中能组次之（1.21 kg/d），低能组最低（0.96 kg/d），但各组差异不显著(P>0.05)；各组干物质采食量、干物质表观消化率均为高能组>中能组>低能组,高能组与低能组差异显著(P0.05）；高能组、中能组晨饲后2.5和6.0 h瘤胃液pH显著低于低能组（P0.05）。综合得出，肉牛育肥期以象草为唯一粗饲料时，提高饲粮中玉米含量以增加能量水平提高了肉牛干物质采食量、干物质表观消化率、平均日增重和经济效益，降低了料重比；当饲粮中玉米含量达32.5%时对瘤胃发酵和肉牛健康也无不利影响，具有最大的养殖经济收益
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本研究旨在研究妊娠后期营养限制对母羊胃肠道葡萄糖转运载体相关基因表达的影响。选取20只同期受孕的湘东黑山羊，随机分为2组，即对照组（自由采食）和限饲组（40%采食量限制），每组10只。预试期15 d（妊娠81~95 d），正试期39 d（妊娠96~135 d）。正试期结束后，屠宰并采取瘤胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠以及盲肠的黏膜样品，利用实时定量PCR技术，检测Na+-葡萄糖共转运载体1(SGLT1)、Na+-葡萄糖共转运载体3(SGLT3)、易化葡萄糖转运载体2(GLUT2)和易化葡萄糖转运载体5(GLUT5)基因表达量。结果表明：限饲组与对照组相比，SGLT1基因表达量在瘤胃显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见，母羊妊娠后期营养限制对胃肠道中葡萄糖转运载体基因表达有不同程度的影响，进而引起母羊机体内葡萄糖转运的改变。
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