Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：党的二十大报告指出，高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。以科技创新赋能产业高质量发展，是促进“经济高质量发展取得新突破，科技自立自强能力显著提升，构建新发展格局和建设现代化经济体系取得重大进展”的重要抓手。文章从历史与现实、理论与实践、目标与规划等方面梳理了一线科学家与经济学家的思考，提出了技术创新对于经济发展和国力提升的关键性作用，要减少资源消耗走集约化发展道路；从过去的技术追赶转向构建局部领先优势，从终端产品创新转向中间品创新，从鼓励集成创新转向鼓励原始创新；从产业界和技术领域发力，在微观层面建立起真正的市场竞争机制，形成以产业技术为主的科技文化导向等观点。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As an important issue in the patriotic education, the history of science and technology is highly valued by the government of the People’s Republic of China. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) founded the Research Department on the History of Natural Sciences in 1957, which marked the institutionalization of the discipline of history of S&T and the professionalization of the historians of S&T. The scholars initiated the studies on the history of the disciplines and related issues on the basis of the compilation of historical materials. Since 1978, the discipline of history of S&T has been developing fast. The Chinese Society of the History of Science and Technology and the research units in the universities have been established while several academic journals have been launched, which accelerated the academic communication and the internationalization. Meanwhile, the historians of S&T expanded the research fields from traditional China to modern China and from China to the world. In recent years, the discipline of history of S&T in the universities has been evaluated and adjusted, which brings opportunities and challenges as well.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 1956, Chinese State Council launched the “Long-term Program for Developping Sciences and Technology from 1956 to 1967” according to the goals identified in the Communist Party’s general policy for the transition period. The framers of the program proposed the principle of “letting tasks lead diciplines” as an effective policy model for planning science and technology. The 12-Year Program consists of 57 research tasks, among which 6 urgent projects such as the nuclear weapon, the missile, computing technology, semiconductor technology, radio electronics, and automatic and long-distance control technology were given high priority. In order to formulate and realize the program, Chinese government took full advantage of domestic institutions, such as Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also got aids from the Soviet Union. Through unremitting efforts, China made great achievements, and completed the 12-Year Program in advance. In fact, the Program helped to fulfil or reinforce very weak fields in new disciplines, fundamental and high technologies, and greatly bridged the gap in science and technology between China and the advanced countries. It really exercised a profound influence upon the Chinese science, technology, national defence, economy and society.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Ancient China was a producer of inventions. The Chinese not only were the first to grow such crops as rice and tea plant, but also invented silk, porcelain, mechanical clocks, and so on. In about the eleventh century, Chinese technologies basically satisfied the demands from the pre-modern agricultural society. In the 1860s, China started to switch technology from ancient to modern, i.e. , to introduce and imitate Western technology and to construct modern industry. Before the 1930s, China developed engineering science and education. The 1950s witnessed the construction of R&D institutions and the industrial system, and the reform of the education system. In 1978, China began to implement the reform and opening-up policy which embraced the outside world. Since then, industrial upgrades have been enabled by the introduction of foreign technology, and endeavours have been made to innovate products. In the 1990s, China deemed innovation as the key to developing technology and economy. In November 2012, Chinese Communist Party Central Committee decided to implement the strategy of innovation-driven development. Facing various challenges, the Chinese should have a clinical view of technology gaps with the developed countries, and make a rational layout and required reforms to effectively enhance the innovation ability.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2018-05-10 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：
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