Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin has been prioritized as a national strategy. The release and implementation of the Outline of the Yellow River Basin’ s Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Plan in 2021 have placed the Loess Plateau, located in the middle reach of the Yellow River, in a critical phase characterized by the need to sustain ecological restoration achievements while fostering socioeconomic progress. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current conditions and issues related to ecological construction and socioeconomic development in the Loess Plateau. It proposes four specific suggestions focusing on improving ecosystem stability and sustainability, promoting a green transition in socioeconomic development, implementing scientific territorial planning, and adopting an integrated and coordinated approach to managing the entire Yellow River Basin during ecological restoration efforts. The study aims to provide scientific support for the ecological protection and high-quality development of both the Loess Plateau and the Yellow River Basin.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Poverty eradication is one of the sustainable human development goals, and is also the important index of human social progress. The study investigates the evolution process of the world poverty and points out the spatial-temporal uneven pattern of the world poverty reduction. The current challenges to the world poverty reduction include aggravated resources exploitation in Sub-Saharan Africa, worldwide forcibly displaced people who lower down poverty identification accuracy, and rural decline which leads to instable poverty reduction. Oriented by the UN’s poverty eradication goal by 2030, the study proposes to strengthen worldwide poverty reduction collaboration, to promote national and regional development transformation, and to revitalize the world's countryside, so as to support world poverty reduction.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China is among the most affected countries in the world in terms of the extent, intensity, and economic impact of sandification. Sandy land area is crucial for ecological civilization construction and regional poverty alleviation and development. Sandy land controlling and utilization measures and relative water saving technologies were summarized in this study. Previous studies mainly focused on the native sandy land while ignoring the water saving study of new consolidated land in the context of sandy land consolidation engineering. Sandy land consolidation and agricultural development in Yulin area were studied to clarify the improvement of soil water retention and holding capacity based on the field engineering of mixing red clay with sand. Results show that irrigation water of maize, soybean, and potato can be saved by 41.72%—61.49%, 25.57%—34.43% and 63.92%—70.05%, respectively. Coupling and efficient utilization of water and soil resources can be achieved by integrating sandy land consolidation engineering with cropping pattern optimizing and modern irrigation technologies applying in water resource constraint areas. Future research fields are suggested from the perspectives of modern agricultural development, socio-economic development, ecological civilization construction, and suitability evaluation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China put forward the major strategy of targeted poverty alleviation in 2013, and implemented the “most stringent assessment and evaluation” system to ensure that the work of poverty alleviation is pragmatic, the process of poverty alleviation is solid and the result of poverty alleviation is real. Targeted poverty alleviation assessment is an important means to improve the effectiveness of national targeted poverty alleviation, which is of great significance to fight against poverty alleviation and promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. Based on the practice of the third-party evaluation of the effectiveness of national targeted poverty alleviation, this paper discusses the differentiation law of rural poverty and its scientific cognition, summarizes the theory and technology system of national targeted poverty alleviation evaluation, and deeply analyzes the application and contribution of evaluation theory and technology in the evaluation survey over the years. Results show that the “island effect” and “marginal diminishing effect” of rural poverty, and the supply-demand structure between the government’s “support” and the farmers’ “poverty” are the scientific significance of implementing the effectiveness assessment of targeted poverty alleviation. They require in-depth assessment to promote rectification and effectively improve the performance of targeted poverty alleviation. The theoretical cognition and practical needs of rural poverty are the important basis for establishing assessment objectives and developing assessment plan, and plays a direct guiding role in refining the assessment indicators of antipoverty effectiveness, exploring the connotation of indicators and formulating evaluation work plans. Theoretical system of national third-party assessment on the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation is a comprehensive system including key technologies, supporting technologies, package support system, and big data platform. It has successfully supported the national effectiveness assessment of targeted poverty alleviation from 2016 to 2020, and has played the role of “baton”, “quality inspection instrument”, and “propeller”, providing references for the assessment and scientific decision-making for poverty alleviation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening human resilience against disasters’ disturbance plays an important role in realizing the UN sustainable development goals. The study investigates the occurrence and evolution of major natural disasters and diseases in the world during the past century. It finds out that the major disasters gained frequency and impact after human entering the 21st century. Further, it indicates that the distorted human-nature relationship, rural decline and poverty in Sub-Sahara Africa, globalization have escalated the impact of major disasters. Finally, we propose ways to improve the resilient capacity of human being in terms of multiple perspectives.
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