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2023
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Your conditions: Rogier A. Windhorst

1. ChinaXiv:202303.02751
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The JCMT SCUBA-2 Survey of the James Webb Space Telescope North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Minhee Hyun Myungshin Im Ian R. Smail William D. Cotton Jack E. Birkin Satoshi Kikuta Hyunjin Shim Christopher N. A. Willmer James J. Condon Rogier A. Windhorst Seth H. Cohen Rolf A. Jansen Chun Ly Yuichi Matsuda Giovanni G. Fazio A. M. Swinbank Haojing Yan

Abstract： The James Webb Space Telescope Time-Domain Field (JWST-TDF) is an $\sim$14$'$ diameter field near the North Ecliptic Pole that will be targeted by one of the JWST Guaranteed Time Observations programs. Here, we describe our James Clerk Maxwell Telescope SCUBA-2 850 $\mu$m imaging of the JWST-TDF and present the submillimeter source catalog and properties. We also present a catalog of radio sources from Karl J. Jansky Very Large Array 3 GHz observations of the field. These observations were obtained to aid JWST's study of the dust-obscured galaxies that contribute significantly to the cosmic star formation at high redshifts. Our deep 850 $\mu$m map covers the JWST TDF at a noise level of $\sigma_{850}$ = 1.0 mJy beam$^{-1}$, detecting 83/31 sources in the main/supplementary signal-to-noise ratio (S/N $>$ 4 / S/N = 3.5 - 4) sample respectively. The 3 GHz observations cover a 24$'$ diameter field with a 1 $\sigma$ noise of 1$\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at a 0$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$7 FWHM. We identified eighty-five 3 GHz counterparts to sixty-six 850 $\mu$m sources and then matched these with multiwavelength data from the optical to the mid-infrared wave bands. We performed spectral energy distribution fitting for 61 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) matched with optical/near-infrared data, and found that SMGs at S/N $>$ 4 have a median value of $z_{phot} = $2.22 $\pm$ 0.12, star formation rates of 300 $\pm$ 40 M$_{\odot}\,{\rm yr^{-1}}$ (Chabrier initial mass function), and typical cold dust masses of 5.9 $\pm$ 0.7 $ \times$ 10$^{8} $M$_{\odot}$, in line with bright SMGs from other surveys. The large cold dust masses indicate correspondingly large cool gas masses, which we suggest are a key factor necessary to drive the high star formation rates seen in this population

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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2. ChinaXiv:202303.06237
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Webb's PEARLS: Bright 1.5--2.0 micron Dropouts in the Spitzer/IRAC Dark Field

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Haojing Yan Seth H. Cohen Rogier A. Windhorst Rolf A. Jansen Zhiyuan Ma John F. Beacom Cheng Cheng Jia-Sheng Huang Norman A. Grogin S. P. Willner Min Yun Heidi B. Hammel Stefanie N. Milam Christopher J. Conselice Simon P. Driver Brenda Frye Madeline A. Marshall Anton Koekemoer Christopher N. A. Willmer Aaron Robotham

Abstract： Using the first epoch of four-band NIRCam observations obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science Program in the Spitzer IRAC Dark Field, we search for F150W and F200W dropouts. In 14.2 arcmin^2, we have found eight F150W dropouts and eight F200W dropouts, all brighter than 27.5 mag (the brightest being ~24 mag) in the band to the red side of the break. As they are detected in multiple bands, these must be real objects. Their nature, however, is unclear, and characterizing their properties is important for realizing the full potential of JWST. If the observed color decrements are due to the Lyman break, these objects should be at z >~ 11.7 and z >~ 15.4, respectively. The color diagnostics show that at least four F150W dropouts are far away from the usual contaminators encountered in dropout searches (red galaxies at much lower redshifts or brown dwarf stars). While the diagnostics of the F200W dropouts are less certain due to the limited number of passbands, at least one of them is likely not a known type of contaminant, and the rest are consistent with either high-redshift galaxies with evolved stellar populations or old galaxies at z ~ 3 to 8. If a significant fraction of our dropouts are indeed at z ~ 12, we have to face the severe problem of explaining their high luminosities and number densities. Spectroscopic identifications of such objects are urgently needed.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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3. ChinaXiv:202303.03663
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JWST's PEARLS: TN J1338$-$1942 -- I. Extreme jet triggered star-formation in a $z=4.11$ luminous radio galaxy

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Kenneth J. Duncan Rogier A. Windhorst Anton M. Koekemoer Huub J. A. Röttgering Seth H. Cohen Rolf A. Jansen Jake Summers Scott Tompkins Christopher J. Conselice Simon P. Driver Haojing Yan Nathan J. Adams Cheng Cheng Dan Coe Jose M. Diego Hervé Dole Brenda Frye Hansung B. Gim Norman A. Grogin Benne W. Holwerda

Abstract： We present the first JWST observations of the $z=4.11$ luminous radio galaxy TN J1338$-$1942, obtained as part of the "Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science" (PEARLS) project. Our NIRCam observations, designed to probe the key rest-frame optical continuum and emission line features at this redshift, enable resolved spectral energy distribution modelling that incorporates both a range of stellar population assumptions and radiative shock models. With an estimated stellar mass of $\log_{10}(M/\text{M}_{\odot}) \sim 10.9$, TN J1338$-$1942 is confirmed to be one of the most massive galaxies known at this epoch. Our observations also reveal extremely high equivalent-width nebular emission coincident with the luminous AGN jets that is consistent with radiative shocks surrounded by extensive recent star-formation. We estimate the total star-formation rate (SFR) could be as high as $\sim1800\,\text{M}_{\odot}\,\text{yr}^{-1}$, with the SFR that we attribute to the jet induced burst conservatively $\gtrsim500\,\text{M}_{\odot}\,\text{yr}^{-1}$. The mass-weighted age of the star-formation, $t_{\text{mass}} <4$ Myr, is consistent with the likely age of the jets responsible for the triggered activity and significantly younger than that measured in the core of the host galaxy. The extreme scale of the potential jet-triggered star-formation activity indicates the potential importance of positive AGN feedback in the earliest stages of massive galaxy formation, with our observations also illustrating the extraordinary prospects for detailed studies of high-redshift galaxies with JWST.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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4. ChinaXiv:202303.03231
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Early results from GLASS-JWST. XVIII: A spectroscopically confirmed protocluster 650 million years after the Big Bang

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Takahiro Morishita Guido Roberts-Borsani Tommaso Treu Gabriel Brammer Charlotte A. Mason Michele Trenti Benedetta Vulcani Xin Wang Ana Acebron Yannick Bahé Pietro Bergamini Kristan Boyett Marusa Bradac Antonello Calabrò Marco Castellano Wenlei Chen Gabriella De Lucia Alexei V. Filippenko Adriano Fontana Karl Glazebrook

Abstract： We present the spectroscopic confirmation of a protocluster at $z=7.88$ behind the galaxy cluster Abell2744 (hereafter A2744-z7p9OD). Using JWST NIRSpec, we find seven galaxies within a projected radius of 60kpc. Although the galaxies reside in an overdensity around $>20\times$ greater than a random volume, they do not show strong Lyman-alpha emission. We place 2-$\sigma$ upper limits on the rest-frame equivalent width $<16$-$28$AA. Based on the tight upper limits to the Lyman-alpha emission, we constrain the volume-averaged neutral fraction of hydrogen in the intergalactic medium to be $x_{\rm HI} > 0.45$ (68% CI). Using an empirical $M_{\rm UV}$-$M_{\rm halo}$ relation for individual galaxies, we estimate that the total halo mass of the system is $\gtrsim 4\times10^{11}\,M_\odot$. Likewise, the line of sight velocity dispersion is estimated to be $1100 \pm 200$km/s. Using an empirical relation, we estimate the present-day halo mass of A2744-z7p9OD to be $\sim2\times10^{15}\,M_\odot$, comparable to the Coma cluster. A2744-z7p9OD is the highest redshift spectroscopically confirmed protocluster to date, demonstrating the power of JWST to investigate the connection between dark-matter halo assembly and galaxy formation at very early times with medium-deep observations at $<20$hrs total exposure time. Follow-up spectroscopy of the remaining photometric candidates of the overdensity will further refine the features of this system and help characterize the role of such overdensities in cosmic reionization.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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5. ChinaXiv:202303.03740
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Two lensed star candidates at $z\simeq4.8$ behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Ashish Kumar Meena Adi Zitrin Yolanda Jiménez-Teja Erik Zackrisson Wenlei Chen Dan Coe Jose M. Diego Paola Dimauro Lukas J. Furtak Patrick L. Kelly Masamune Oguri Brian Welch Abdurro'uf Felipe Andrade-Santos Angela Adamo Rachana Bhatawdekar Maruša Bradač Larry D. Bradley Pratika Dayal Megan Donahue

Abstract： We report the discovery of two extremely magnified lensed star candidates behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015, in recent multi-band James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam observations. The candidates are seen in a previously known, $z_{phot}\simeq4.8$ dropout giant arc that straddles the critical curve. The candidates lie near the expected critical curve position but lack clear counter images on the other side of it, suggesting these are possibly stars undergoing caustic crossings. We present revised lensing models for the cluster, including multiply imaged galaxies newly identified in the JWST data, and use them to estimate a background macro-magnification of at least $\gtrsim90$ and $\gtrsim50$ at the positions of the two candidates, respectively. With these values, we expect effective, caustic-crossing magnifications of $10^4-10^5$ for the two star candidates. The Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of the two candidates match well spectra of B-type stars with best-fit surface temperatures of $\sim10,000$ K, and $\sim12,000$ K, respectively, and we show that such stars with masses $\gtrsim20$ M$_{\odot}$ and $\gtrsim50$ M$_{\odot}$, respectively, can become sufficiently magnified to be observed. We briefly discuss other alternative explanations and conclude these are likely lensed stars, but also acknowledge that the less magnified candidate may instead be or reside in a star cluster. These star candidates constitute the second highest-redshift examples to date after Earendel at $z_{phot}\simeq6.2$, establishing further the potential of studying extremely magnified stars to high redshifts with the JWST. Planned visits including NIRSpec observations will enable a more detailed view of the candidates already in the near future.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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6. ChinaXiv:202303.03159
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JWST's PEARLS: Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science: Project Overview and First Results

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Rogier A. Windhorst Seth H. Cohen Rolf A. Jansen Jake Summers Scott Tompkins Christopher J. Conselice Simon P. Driver Haojing Yan Dan Coe Brenda Frye Norman Grogin Anton Koekemoer Madeline A. Marshall Rosalia O'Brien Nor Pirzkal Aaron Robotham Russell E. Ryan, Christopher N. A. Willmer Timothy Carleton Jose M. Diego

Abstract： We give an overview and describe the rationale, methods, and first results from NIRCam images of the JWST "Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science" ("PEARLS") project. PEARLS uses up to eight NIRCam filters to survey several prime extragalactic survey areas: two fields at the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP); seven gravitationally lensing clusters; two high redshift proto-clusters; and the iconic backlit VV 191 galaxy system to map its dust attenuation. PEARLS also includes NIRISS spectra for one of the NEP fields and NIRSpec spectra of two high-redshift quasars. The main goal of PEARLS is to study the epoch of galaxy assembly, AGN growth, and First Light. Five fields, the JWST NEP Time-Domain Field (TDF), IRAC Dark Field (IDF), and three lensing clusters, will be observed in up to four epochs over a year. The cadence and sensitivity of the imaging data are ideally suited to find faint variable objects such as weak AGN, high-redshift supernovae, and cluster caustic transits. Both NEP fields have sightlines through our Galaxy, providing significant numbers of very faint brown dwarfs whose proper motions can be studied. Observations from the first spoke in the NEP TDF are public. This paper presents our first PEARLS observations, their NIRCam data reduction and analysis, our first object catalogs, the 0.9-4.5 $\mu$m galaxy counts and Integrated Galaxy Light. We assess the JWST sky brightness in 13 NIRCam filters, yielding our first constraints to diffuse light at 0.9-4.5 {\mu}m. PEARLS is designed to be of lasting benefit to the community.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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7. ChinaXiv:202303.05537
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JWST reveals a possible $z \sim 11$ galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647$-$JD

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao Dan Coe Abdurro'uf Lily Whitler Intae Jung Gourav Khullar Ashish Kumar Meena Pratika Dayal Kirk S. S. Barrow Lillian Santos-Olmsted Adam Casselman Eros Vanzella Mario Nonino Yolanda Jimenez-Teja Masamune Oguri Daniel P. Stark Lukas J. Furtak Adi Zitrin Angela Adamo Gabriel Brammer

Abstract： MACS0647$-$JD is a triply-lensed $z\sim11$ galaxy originally discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we report new JWST imaging, which clearly resolves MACS0647$-$JD as having two components that are either merging galaxies or stellar complexes within a single galaxy. Both are very small, with stellar masses $\sim10^8\,M_\odot$ and radii $r<100\,\rm pc$. The brighter larger component "A" is intrinsically very blue ($\beta\sim-2.6$), likely due to very recent star formation and no dust, and is spatially extended with an effective radius $\sim70\,\rm pc$. The smaller component "B" appears redder ($\beta\sim-2$), likely because it is older ($100-200\,\rm Myr$) with mild dust extinction ($A_V\sim0.1\,\rm mag$), and a smaller radius $\sim20\,\rm pc$. We identify galaxies with similar colors in a high-redshift simulation, finding their star formation histories to be out of phase. With an estimated stellar mass ratio of roughly 2:1 and physical projected separation $\sim400\,\rm pc$, we may be witnessing a galaxy merger 400 million years after the Big Bang. We also identify a candidate companion galaxy C $\sim3\,{\rm kpc}$ away, likely destined to merge with galaxies A and B. The combined light from galaxies A+B is magnified by factors of $\sim$8, 5, and 2 in three lensed images JD1, 2, and 3 with F356W fluxes $\sim322$, $203$, $86\,\rm nJy$ (AB mag 25.1, 25.6, 26.6). MACS0647$-$JD is significantly brighter than other galaxies recently discovered at similar redshifts with JWST. Without magnification, it would have AB mag 27.3 ($M_{UV}=-20.4$). With a high confidence level, we obtain a photometric redshift of $z=10.6\pm0.3$ based on photometry measured in 6 NIRCam filters spanning $1-5\rm\mu m$, out to $4300\,\r{A}$ rest-frame. JWST NIRSpec observations planned for January 2023 will deliver a spectroscopic redshift and a more detailed study of the physical properties of MACS0647$-$JD.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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8. ChinaXiv:202303.05983
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JWST's PEARLS: A JWST/NIRCam view of ALMA sources

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Cheng Cheng Jia-Sheng Huang Ian Smail Haojing Yan Seth H. Cohen Rolf A. Jansen Rogier A. Windhorst Zhiyuan Ma Anton Koekemoer Christopher N. A. Willmer S. P. Willner Jose M. Diego Brenda Frye Christopher J. Conselice Leonardo Ferreira Andreea Petric Min Yun Hansung B. Gim Maria del Carmen Polletta Kenneth J. Duncan

Abstract： We report the results of James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam observations of 19 (sub)millimeter (submm/mm) sources detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The accurate ALMA positions allowed unambiguous identifications of their NIRCam counterparts. Taking gravitational lensing into account, these represent 16 distinct galaxies in three fields and constitute the largest sample of its kind to date. The counterparts' spectral energy distributions from rest-frame ultraviolet to near infrared provide photometric redshifts ($110^{10.5}$ Msol), which are similar to sub-millimeter galaxy (SMG) hosts studied previously. However, our sample is fainter in submm/mm than the classic SMG samples are, and our sources exhibit a wider range of properties. They have dust-embedded star-formation rates as low as 10 Msol yr$^{-1}$, and the sources populate both the star-forming main sequence and the quiescent categories. The deep NIRCam data allow us to study the rest-frame near-IR morphologies. Excluding two multiply imaged systems and one quasar, the majority of the remaining sources are disk-like and show either little or no disturbance. This suggests that secular growth is a potential route for the assembly of high-mass disk galaxies. While a few hosts have large disks, the majority have small disks (median half-mass radius of 1.6 kpc). At this time, it is unclear whether this is due to the prevalence of small disks at these redshifts or some unknown selection effects of deep ALMA observations. A larger sample of ALMA sources with NIRCam observations will be able to address this question.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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9. ChinaXiv:202303.05009
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High-Redshift Galaxy Candidates at $z = 9-13$ as Revealed by JWST Observations of WHL0137-08

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Larry D. Bradley Dan Coe Gabriel Brammer Lukas J. Furtak Rebecca L. Larson Felipe Andrade-Santos Rachana Bhatawdekar Marusa Bradac Tom Broadhurst Adam Carnall Christopher J. Conselice Jose M. Diego Brenda Frye Seiji Fujimoto Tiger Y. -Y Hsiao Taylor A. Hutchison Intae Jung Guillaume Mahler Stephan McCandliss Masamune Oguri

Abstract： JWST was designed to peer into the distant universe and study galaxies nearer the beginning of time than previously. Here we report the discovery of 12 galaxy candidates observed 300-600 Myr after the Big Bang with photometric redshifts between z ~ 8.5-13 measured using JWST NIRCam imaging of the galaxy cluster WHL0137 observed in 8 filters spanning 0.8-5.0 $\mu$m, plus 9 HST filters spanning 0.4-1.7 $\mu$m. Three of these candidates are gravitationally lensed by the foreground galaxy cluster and have magnifications of $\mu \sim 3 - 8$. The remaining nine candidates are located in a second JWST NIRCam module, centered ~29' from the cluster center, with expected magnifications of $\mu$ <~ 1.1. Our sample of high-redshift candidates have observed F200W AB magnitudes between 25.9 and 28.1 mag and intrinsic F200W AB magnitudes between 26.4 and 29.7 mag ($M_{UV}$ = -22.5 to -17). We find the stellar masses of these galaxies are in the range $\log M_{*}/M_{\odot}$ = 8 - 9, and down to 7.5 for the lensed galaxies. All are young with mass-weighted ages < 100 Myr, low dust content $A_V$ < 0.15 mag, and high specific star formation rates sSFR ~10-50 Gyr$^{-1}$ for most. One z ~ 9 candidate is consistent with an age < 5 Myr and a sSFR ~250 Gyr$^{-1}$, as inferred from a strong F444W excess, implying [OIII]+H-beta rest-frame equivalent width ~2000 Angstrom, although an older and redder z~ 10 object is also allowed. Another z~9 candidate ID9356 is lensed into an arc 2.6" long by the effects of strong gravitational lensing ($\mu$~8), and has at least two bright knots of unevenly distributed star formation. This arc is the most spatially-resolved galaxy at z~9 known to date, revealing structures ~30 pc across. Follow-up spectroscopy of WHL0137 with JWST/NIRSpec is planned for later this year, which will validate some of these candidates and study their physical properties in more detail.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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10. ChinaXiv:202303.07898
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JWST's PEARLS: dust attenuation and gravitational lensing in the backlit-galaxy system VV 191

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

William C. Keel Rogier A. Windhorst Rolf A. Jansen Seth H. Cohen Jake Summers Benne Holwerda Sarah T. Bradford Clayton D. Robertson Giovanni Ferrami Stuart Wyithe Haojing Yan Christopher J. Conselice Simon P. Driver Aaron Robotham Norman A. Grogin Christopher N. A. Willmer Anton M. Koekemoer Brenda L. Frye Nimish P. Hathi Russell E. Ryan,

Abstract： We derive the spatial and wavelength behavior of dust attenuation in the multiple-armed spiral galaxy VV191b using backlighting by the superimposed elliptical system VV191a in a pair with an exceptionally favorable geometry for this measurement. Imaging using JWST and HST spans the wavelength range 0.3-4.5 microns with high angular resolution, tracing the dust in detail from 0.6 to 1.5 microns. Distinct dust lanes continue well beyond the bright spiral arms, and trace a complex web, with a very sharp radial cutoff near 1.7 Petrosian radii. We present attenuation profiles and coverage statistics in each band at radii 14-21 kpc. We derive the attenuation law with wavelength; the data both within and between the dust lanes clearly favor a stronger reddening behavior (R ~ 2.0 between 0.6 and 0.9 microns, approaching unity by 1.5 microns) than found for starbursts and star-forming regions of galaxies. Power-law extinction behavior lambda^(-beta) gives beta=2.1 from 0.6-0.9 microns. R decreases at increasing wavelengths (R~1.1 between 0.9 and 1.5 microns), while beta steepens to 2.5. Mixing regions of different column density flattens the wavelength behavior, so these results suggest a different grain population than in our vicinity. The NIRCam images reveal a lens arc and counterimage from a background galaxy at z~1, spanning 90 degrees azimuthally at 2.8" from the foreground elliptical galaxy nucleus, and an additional weakly-lensed galaxy. The lens model and imaging data give a mass/light ratio 7.6 in solar units within the Einstein radius 2.0 kpc.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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11. ChinaXiv:202303.06782
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PEARLS: Low Stellar Density Galaxies in the El Gordo Cluster Observed with JWST

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Timothy Carleton Seth H. Cohen Brenda Frye Alex Pigarelli Jiashuo Zhang Rogier A. Windhorst Jose M. Diego Christopher J. Conselice Cheng Cheng Simon P. Driver Nicholas Foo Rachana A. Bhatawdekar Patrick Kamieneski Rolf A. Jansen Haojing Yan Jake Summers Aaron Robotham Christopher N. A. Willmer Anton Koekemoer Scott Tompkins

Abstract： A full understanding of how unusually large "Ultra Diffuse Galaxies" (UDGs) fit into our conventional theory of dwarf galaxy formation remains elusive, despite the large number of objects identified locally. A natural extension of UDG research is the study of similar galaxies at higher redshift to establish how their properties may evolve over time. However, this has been a challenging task given how severely cosmological surface brightness dimming inhibits our ability to detect low-surface brightness galaxies at high-$z$. Here, we present a sample of low stellar surface density galaxies (LDGs) at moderate redshift, likely the progenitors of local UDGs, identified in deep near-IR {\it JWST} observations of the El Gordo cluster at $z=0.87$. By stacking 8 NIRCAM filters, reach an apparent surface brightness sensitivity of 24.59~mag~arcsec$^{-2}$, faint enough to be complete to the bright end of the LDG population. Our analysis identifies significant differences between this population and UDGs observed locally, including differences in their color and size distributions, which suggest that the UDG progenitors at high-$z$ are bluer and more extended than UDGs at $z=0$. This suggests that multiple mechanisms are responsible for UDG formation and that prolonged transformation of cluster dwarfs is not a primary UDG formation mechanism at high-$z$. Furthermore, we find a slight overabundance of LDGs in El Gordo, and, in contrast to findings in local clusters, our analysis does not show a deficit of LDGs in the center of El Gordo, implying that tidal destruction of LDGs is significant between $z=0.87$ and $z=0$.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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12. ChinaXiv:202303.02601
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JWST's PEARLS: A JWST/NIRCam view of ALMA sources

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Cheng Cheng Jia-Sheng Huang Ian Smail Haojing Yan Seth H. Cohen Rolf A. Jansen Rogier A. Windhorst Zhiyuan Ma Anton Koekemoer Christopher N. A. Willmer S. P. Willner Jose M. Diego Brenda Frye Christopher J. Conselice Leonardo Ferreira Andreea Petric Min Yun Hansung B. Gim Maria del Carmen Polletta Kenneth J. Duncan

Abstract： We report the results of James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam observations of 19 (sub)millimeter (submm/mm) sources detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The accurate ALMA positions allowed unambiguous identifications of their NIRCam counterparts. Taking gravitational lensing into account, these represent 16 distinct galaxies in three fields and constitute the largest sample of its kind to date. The counterparts' spectral energy distributions from rest-frame ultraviolet to near infrared provide photometric redshifts ($110^{10.5}$ Msol), which are similar to sub-millimeter galaxy (SMG) hosts studied previously. However, our sample is fainter in submm/mm than the classic SMG samples are, and our sources exhibit a wider range of properties. They have dust-embedded star-formation rates as low as 10 Msol yr$^{-1}$, and the sources populate both the star-forming main sequence and the quiescent categories. The deep NIRCam data allow us to study the rest-frame near-IR morphologies. Excluding two multiply imaged systems and one quasar, the majority of the remaining sources are disk-like and show either little or no disturbance. This suggests that secular growth is a potential route for the assembly of high-mass disk galaxies. While a few hosts have large disks, the majority have small disks (median half-mass radius of 1.6 kpc). At this time, it is unclear whether this is due to the prevalence of small disks at these redshifts or some unknown selection effects of deep ALMA observations. A larger sample of ALMA sources with NIRCam observations will be able to address this question.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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13. ChinaXiv:202303.07897
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Unscrambling the lensed galaxies in JWST images behind SMACS0723

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Massimo Pascale Brenda L. Frye Jose Diego Lukas J. Furtak Adi Zitrin Tom Broadhurst Christopher J. Conselice Liang Dai Leonardo Ferreira Nathan J. Adams Jeremy Lim Ashish K. Meena Stephen M. Wilkins Rachana Bhatawdekar Nicholas Foo Patrick Kelly Wenlei Chen Patrick Kamieneski Rogier A. Windhorst

Abstract： The first deep field images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of the galaxy cluster SMACS~J0723.3-7327 reveal a wealth of new lensed images at uncharted infrared wavelengths, with unprecedented depth and resolution. Here we securely identify 14 new sets of multiply imaged galaxies totalling 42 images, adding to the five sets of bright and multiply-imaged galaxies already known from Hubble Space Telescope data. We find examples of arcs crossing critical curves, allowing detailed community follow-up, such as JWST spectroscopy for precise redshift determinations, and measurements of the chemical abundances and of the detailed internal gas dynamics of very distant, young galaxies. One such arc contains a pair of compact knots that are magnified by a factor of hundreds, and features a microlensed transient. We also detect an Einstein cross candidate only visible thanks to JWST's superb resolution. Our parametric lens model is available through the following link: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/gwup2lvks0jsqe5/AAC2RRSKce0aX-lIFCc9vhBXa?dl=0, and will be regularly updated using additional spectroscopic redshifts. The model is constrained by 16 of these sets of multiply imaged galaxies, three of which have spectroscopic redshifts, and reproduces the multiple images to better than an rms of $0.5^{\prime \prime}$, allowing for accurate magnification estimates of high-redshift galaxies. The intracluster light extends beyond the cluster members, exhibiting large-scale features that suggest a significant past dynamical disturbance. This work represents a first taste of the enhanced power JWST will have for lensing-related science.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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14. ChinaXiv:202303.05163
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Early results from GLASS-JWST VIII: An Extremely Magnified Blue Supergiant Star at Redshift 2.65 in the Abell 2744 Cluster Field

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Wenlei Chen Patrick L. Kelly Tommaso Treu Xin Wang Guido Roberts-Borsani Allison Keen Rogier A. Windhorst Rui Zhou Marusa Bradac Gabriel Brammer Victoria Strait Tom J. Broadhurst Jose M. Diego Brenda L. Frye Ashish K. Meena Adi Zitrin Massimo Pascale Marco Castellano Danilo Marchesini Takahiro Morishita

Abstract： We report the discovery of an extremely magnified star at redshift $z=2.65$ in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRISS pre-imaging of the Abell 2744 galaxy-cluster field. The star's background host galaxy lies on a fold caustic of the foreground lens, and the cluster creates a pair of images of the region close to the lensed star. We identified the bright transient in one of the merging images at a distance of $\sim 0.15"$ from the critical curve, by subtracting the JWST F115W and F150W imaging from coadditions of archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) F105W and F125W images and F140W and F160W images, respectively. Since the time delay between the two images should be only hours, the transient must be the microlensing event of an individual star, as opposed to a luminous stellar explosion which would persist for days to months. Analysis of individual exposures suggests that the star's magnification is not changing rapidly during the observations. From photometry of the point source through the F115W, F150W, and F200W filters, we identify a strong Balmer break, and modeling allows us to constrain the star's temperature to be approximately 7,000--12,000 K.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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15. ChinaXiv:202303.05054
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JWST's PEARLS: a new lens model for ACT-CL J0102$-$4915, "EL Gordo'', and the first red supergiant star at cosmological distances discovered by JWST

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Jose M. Diego Ashish K. Meena Nathan J. Adams Tom Broadhurst Liang Dai Dan Coe Brenda Frye Patrick Kelly Anton M. Koekemoer Massimo Pascale S. P. Willner Erik Zackrisson Adi Zitrin Rogier A. Windhorst Seth H. Cohen Rolf A. Jansen Jake Summers Scott Tompkins Christopher J. Conselice Simon P. Driver

Abstract： The first JWST data on the massive colliding cluster El Gordo confirm 23 known families of multiply lensed images and identify 8 new members of these families. Based on these families, which have been confirmed spectroscopically by MUSE, we derived an initial lens model. This model guided the identification of 37 additional families of multiply lensed galaxies, among which 28 are entirely new systems, and 9 were previously known. The initial lens model determined geometric redshifts for the 37 new systems. The geometric redshifts agree reasonably well with spectroscopic or photometric redshifts when those are available. The geometric redshifts enable two additional models that include all 60 families of multiply lensed galaxies spanning a redshift range $20.8$ and has an estimated virial mass close the maximum mass allowed by standard cosmological models. The JWST images also reveal the presence of small-mass perturbers that produce small lensing distortions. The smallest of these is consistent with being a dwarf galaxy at $z=0.87$ and has an estimated mass of $3.8\times10^9$~\Msol, making it the smallest substructure found at $z>0.5$. The JWST images also show several candidate caustic-crossing events. One of them is detected at high significance at the expected position of the critical curve and is likely a red supergiant star at $z=2.1878$. This would be the first red supergiant found at cosmological distances. The cluster lensing should magnify background objects at $z>6$, making more of them visible than in blank fields of similar size, but there appears to be a deficiency of such objects.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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16. ChinaXiv:202303.02301
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Are $JWST$/NIRCam color gradients in the lensed $z=2.3$ dusty star-forming galaxy $El~Anzuelo$ due to central dust attenuation or inside-out galaxy growth?

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Patrick S. Kamieneski Brenda L. Frye Massimo Pascale Seth H. Cohen Rogier A. Windhorst Rolf A. Jansen Min S. Yun Cheng Cheng Jake S. Summers Timothy Carleton Kevin C. Harrington Jose M. Diego Haojing Yan Anton M. Koekemoer Christopher N. A. Willmer Andreea Petric Lukas J. Furtak Nicholas Foo Christopher J. Conselice Dan Coe

Abstract： Gradients in the mass-to-light ratio of distant galaxies impede our ability to characterize their size and compactness. The long-wavelength filters of $JWST$'s NIRCam offer a significant step forward. For galaxies at Cosmic Noon ($z\sim2$), this regime corresponds to the rest-frame near-infrared, which is less biased towards young stars and captures emission from the bulk of a galaxy's stellar population. We present an initial analysis of an extraordinary lensed dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at $z=2.3$ behind the $El~Gordo$ cluster ($z=0.87$), named $El~Anzuelo$ ("The Fishhook") after its partial Einstein-ring morphology. The FUV-NIR SED suggests an intrinsic star formation rate of $81^{+7}_{-2}~M_\odot~{\rm yr}^{-1}$ and dust attenuation $A_V\approx 1.6$, in line with other DSFGs on the star-forming main sequence. We develop a parametric lens model to reconstruct the source-plane structure of dust imaged by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, far-UV to optical light from $Hubble$, and near-IR imaging with 8 filters of $JWST$/NIRCam, as part of the Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science (PEARLS) program. The source-plane half-light radius is remarkably consistent from $\sim 1-4.5~\mu$m, despite a clear color gradient where the inferred galaxy center is redder than the outskirts. We interpret this to be the result of both a radially-decreasing gradient in attenuation and substantial spatial offsets between UV- and IR-emitting components. A spatial decomposition of the SED reveals modestly suppressed star formation in the inner kiloparsec, which suggests that we are witnessing the early stages of inside-out quenching.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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17. ChinaXiv:202303.02907
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The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. II. Stage I release of NIRCam imaging and catalogs in the Abell 2744 region

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Diego Paris Emiliano Merlin Adriano Fontana Andrea Bonchi Gabriel Brammer Matteo Correnti Tommaso Treu Kristan Boyett Antonello Calabrò Marco Castellano Wenlei Chen Lilan Yang Karl Glazebrook Patrick Kelly Anton M. Koekemoer Nicha Leethochawalit Sara Mascia Charlotte Mason Takahiro Morishita Mario Nonino

Abstract： We present images and a multi-wavelength photometric catalog based on all of the JWST NIRCam observations obtained to date in the region of the Abell 2744 galaxy cluster. These data come from three different programs, namely the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program, UNCOVER, and Director's Discretionary Time program 2756. The observed area in the NIRCam wide-band filters - covering the central and extended regions of the cluster, as well as new parallel fields - is 46.5 arcmin$^2$ in total. All images in eight bands (F090W, F115W, F150W, F200W, F277W, F356W, F410M, F444W) have been reduced adopting the latest calibration and references available to date. Data reduction has been performed using an augmented version of the official JWST pipeline, with improvements aimed at removing or mitigating defects in the raw images and improve the background subtraction and photometric accuracy. We obtain a F444W-detected multi-band catalog including all NIRCam data and available HST data, adopting forced aperture photometry on PSF-matched images. The catalog is intended to enable early scientific investigations, and is optimized for the study of faint galaxies; it contains 24389 sources, with a 5$\sigma$ limiting magnitude in the F444W band ranging from 28.5 to 30.5 AB, as a result of the varying exposure times of the surveys that observed the field. We publicly release the reduced NIRCam images, associated multi-wavelength catalog, and code adopted for $1/f$ noise removal with tha aim of aiding users to familiarize themselves with JWST NIRCam data and identify targets for follow-up observations.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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18. ChinaXiv:202303.04410
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Spatially Resolved Stellar Populations of $0.3

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Abdurro'uf Dan Coe Intae Jung Henry C. Ferguson Gabriel Brammer Kartheik G. Iyer Larry D. Bradley Pratika Dayal Rogier A. Windhorst Adi Zitrin Ashish Kumar Meena Masamune Oguri Jose M. Diego Vasily Kokorev Paola Dimauro Angela Adamo Christopher J. Conselice Brian Welch Eros Vanzella Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao

Abstract： We study the spatially resolved stellar populations of 444 galaxies at $0.3展开 -->

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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19. ChinaXiv:202303.02409
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CEERS: Spatially Resolved UV and mid-IR Star Formation in Galaxies at 0.2 < z < 2.5: The Picture from the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes

Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19

Lu Shen Casey Papovich Guang Yang Jasleen Matharu Xin Wang Benjamin Magnelli David Elbaz Shardha Jogee Anahita Alavi Pablo Arrabal Haro Bren E. Backhaus Micaela B. Bagley Eric F. Bell Laura Bisigello Antonello Calabrò M. C. Cooper Luca Costantin Emanuele Daddi Mark Dickinson Steven L. Finkelstein

Abstract： We present the mid-IR (MIR) morphologies for 70 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at $0.210^{9}~M_\odot}$ using JWST MIRI observations from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science survey (CEERS). The MIRI bands span the MIR (7.7--21 $\mu$m), enabling us to measure the effective radii ($R_{\mathrm{eff}}$) and S\'{e}rsic indexes of these SFGs at rest-frame 6.2 and 7.7 $\mu$m, which contains strong emission from Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features, a well-established tracer of star formation in galaxies. We compare the PAH-band morphologies to those in rest-frame Near-UV (NUV) using HST ACS/F435W or ACS/F606W and optical/near-IR using HST WFC3/F160W imaging from UVCANDELS and CANDELS, where the NUV-band and F160W trace the profile of (unobscured) massive stars and the stellar continuum, respectively. The $R_{\mathrm{eff}}$ of galaxies in the PAH-band are slightly smaller ($\sim$10) than those in F160W for more massive galaxies with $\mathrm{M_*\gtrsim10^{9.5}~M_\odot}$ at $z\leq1.2$ and with $\mathrm{M_*\gtrsim10^{10}~M_\odot}$ at $z\geq1.2$, but the PAH-band and F160W have a similar fractions of light within 1 kpc. In contrast, the $R_{\rm{eff}}$ of galaxies in the NUV-band are larger, with lower fractions of light within 1 kpc compared to the F160W for galaxies at $z\leq1.2$. Using the MIRI data to estimate the surface density of the IR-based SFR, we find the correlation between the IR-based SFR surface density and stellar mass has a steeper slope than that of the UV-based surface density and stellar mass, suggesting galaxies with higher stellar masses having increasing amounts of obscured fraction of star formation in their inner regions. This paper demonstrates how the high-angular resolution data from JWST/MIRI can reveal new information about the morphology of obscured-star formation.

Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review

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