分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: In this paper we study the applicability of a set of supervised machine learning (ML) models specifically trained to infer observed related properties of the baryonic component (stars and gas) from a set of features of dark matter only cluster-size halos. The training set is built from THE THREE HUNDRED project which consists of a series of zoomed hydrodynamical simulations of cluster-size regions extracted from the 1 Gpc volume MultiDark dark-matter only simulation (MDPL2). We use as target variables a set of baryonic properties for the intra cluster gas and stars derived from the hydrodynamical simulations and correlate them with the properties of the dark matter halos from the MDPL2 N-body simulation. The different ML models are trained from this database and subsequently used to infer the same baryonic properties for the whole range of cluster-size halos identified in the MDPL2. We also test the robustness of the predictions of the models against mass resolution of the dark matter halos and conclude that their inferred baryonic properties are rather insensitive to their DM properties which are resolved with almost an order of magnitude smaller number of particles. We conclude that the ML models presented in this paper can be used as an accurate and computationally efficient tool for populating cluster-size halos with observational related baryonic properties in large volume N-body simulations making them more valuable for comparison with full sky galaxy cluster surveys at different wavelengths. We make the best ML trained model publicly available.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We present measurements of the linear galaxy bias of H$\alpha$ and [OIII]
emission line galaxies (ELGs) for the High Latitude Spectroscopic Survey (HLSS)
of Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, using galaxy mocks constructed using
semi-analytical model for galaxy formation, {\it Galacticus}, with a large
cosmic volume and redshift coverage. We compute the two-point statistics of
galaxies in configuration space and measure linear bias within scales of
$10\sim50 h^{-1}$Mpc. We adopt different selection algorithms to investigate
the impact of the Roman line flux cut, as well as the effect of dust model used
to calibrate Galacticus, on the bias measurements. We consider galaxies with
H$\alpha$ and [OIII] emissions over the redshift range $1
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Galaxy clusters are useful laboratories to investigate the evolution of the Universe, and accurately measuring their total masses allows us to constrain important cosmological parameters. However, estimating mass from observations that use different methods and spectral bands introduces various systematic errors. This paper evaluates the use of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to reliably and accurately infer the masses of galaxy clusters from the Compton-y parameter maps provided by the Planck satellite. The CNN is trained with mock images generated from hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy clusters, with Planck's observational limitations taken into account. We observe that the CNN approach is not subject to the usual observational assumptions, and so is not affected by the same biases. By applying the trained CNNs to the real Planck maps, we find cluster masses compatible with Planck measurements within a 15% bias. Finally, we show that this mass bias can be explained by the well known hydrostatic equilibrium assumption in Planck masses, and the different parameters in the Y500-M500 scaling laws. This work highlights that CNNs, supported by hydrodynamic simulations, are a promising and independent tool for estimating cluster masses with high accuracy, which can be extended to other surveys as well as to observations in other bands.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The star formation history (SFH) of galaxies is critical for understanding galaxy evolution. Hydrodynamical simulations enable us to precisely reconstruct the SFH of galaxies and establish a link to the underlying physical processes. In this work, we present a model to describe individual galaxies' SFHs from three simulations: TheThreeHundred, Illustris-1 and TNG100-1. This model divides the galaxy SFH into two distinct components: the "main sequence" and the "variation". The "main sequence" part is generated by tracing the history of the $SFR-M_*$ main sequence of galaxies across time. The "variation" part consists of the scatter around the main sequence, which is reproduced by fractional Brownian motions. We find that: 1) The evolution of the main sequence varies between simulations; 2) fractional Brownian motions can reproduce many features of SFHs, however, discrepancies still exist; 3) The variations and mass-loss rate are crucial for reconstructing the SFHs of the simulations. This model provides a fair description of the SFHs in simulations. On the other hand, by correlating the fractional Brownian motion model to simulation data, we provide a 'standard' against which to compare simulations.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Galaxy clusters grow by accreting galaxies as individual objects, or as members of a galaxy group. These groups can strongly impact galaxy evolution, stripping the gas from galaxies, and enhancing the rate of galaxy mergers. However, it is not clear how the dynamics and structure of groups are affected when they interact with a large cluster, or whether all group members necessarily experience the same evolutionary processes. Using data from TheThreeHundred project, a suite of 324 hydrodynamical resimulations of large galaxy clusters, we study the properties of 1340 groups passing through a cluster. We find that half of group galaxies become gravitationally unbound from the group by the first pericentre, typically just 0.5-1 Gyr after cluster entry. Most groups quickly mix with the cluster satellite population; only 8% of infalling group haloes later leave the cluster, although for nearly half of these, all of their galaxies have become unbound, tidally disrupted or merged into the central by this stage. The position of galaxies in group-centric phase space is also important -- only galaxies near the centre of a group ($r\lesssim0.7R_{200}$) remain bound once a group is inside a cluster, and slow-moving galaxies in the group centre are likely to be tidally disrupted, or merge with another galaxy. This work will help future observational studies to constrain the environmental histories of group galaxies. For instance, groups observed inside or nearby to clusters have likely approached very recently, meaning that their galaxies will not have experienced a cluster environment before.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Hydrostatic equilibrium (HE) is often used in observations to estimate galaxy clusters masses. We use a set of almost 300 simulated clusters from The Three Hundred Project, to estimate the cluster HE mass and the bias deriving from it. We study the dependence of the bias on several dynamical state indicators across a redshift range from 0.07 to 1.3, finding no dependence between them. Moreover, we focus our attention on the evolution of the HE bias during the merger phase, where the bias even reaches negative values due to an overestimation of the mass with HE.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We introduce \textsc{Gizmo-Simba}, a new suite of galaxy cluster simulations within \textsc{The Three Hundred} project. \textsc{The Three Hundred} consists of zoom re-simulations of 324 clusters with $M_{200}\gtrsim 10^{14.8}M_\odot$ drawn from the MultiDark-Planck $N$-body simulation, run using several hydrodynamic and semi-analytic codes. The \textsc{Gizmo-Simba} suite adds a state-of-the-art galaxy formation model based on the highly successful {\sc Simba} simulation, mildly re-calibrated to match $z=0$ cluster stellar properties. Comparing to \textsc{The Three Hundred} zooms run with \textsc{Gadget-X}, we find intrinsic differences in the evolution of the stellar and gas mass fractions, BCG ages, and galaxy colour-magnitude diagrams, with \textsc{Gizmo-Simba} generally providing a good match to available data at $z \approx 0$. \textsc{Gizmo-Simba}'s unique black hole growth and feedback model yields agreement with the observed BH scaling relations at the intermediate-mass range and predicts a slightly different slope at high masses where few observations currently lie. \textsc{Gizmo-Simba} provides a new and novel platform to elucidate the co-evolution of galaxies, gas, and black holes within the densest cosmic environments.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We use a set of about 300 simulated clusters from The Three Hundred Project to calculate their hydrostatic masses and evaluate the associated bias by comparing them with the true cluster mass. Over a redshift range from 0.07 to 1.3, we study the dependence of the hydrostatic bias on redshift, concentration, mass growth, dynamical state, mass, and halo shapes. We find almost no correlation between the bias and any of these parameters. However, there is a clear evidence that the scatter of the mass-bias distribution is larger for low-concentrated objects, high mass growth, and more generically for disturbed systems. Moreover, we carefully study the evolution of the bias of twelve clusters throughout a major-merger event. We find that the hydrostatic-mass bias follows a particular evolution track along the merger process: to an initial significant increase of the bias recorded at the begin of merger, a constant plateaus follows until the end of merge, when there is a dramatic decrease in the bias before the cluster finally become relaxed again. This large variation of the bias is in agreement with the large scatter of the hydrostatic bias for dynamical disturbed clusters. These objects should be avoided in cosmological studies because their exact relaxation phase is difficult to predict, hence their mass bias cannot be trivially accounted for.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect is a powerful tool in modern cosmology. With future observations promising ever improving SZ measurements, the relativistic corrections to the SZ signals from galaxy groups and clusters are increasingly relevant. As such, it is important to understand the differences between three temperature measures: (a) the average relativistic SZ (rSZ) temperature, (b) the mass-weighted temperature relevant for the thermal SZ (tSZ) effect, and (c) the X-ray spectroscopic temperature. In this work, we compare these cluster temperatures, as predicted by the {\sc Bahamas} \& {\sc Macsis}, {\sc Illustris-TNG}, {\sc Magneticum}, and {\sc The Three Hundred Project} simulations. Despite the wide range of simulation parameters, we find the SZ temperatures are consistent across the simulations. We estimate a $\simeq 10\%$ level correction from rSZ to clusters with $Y\simeq10^{-4}$~Mpc$^{-2}$. Our analysis confirms a systematic offset between the three temperature measures; with the rSZ temperature $\simeq 20\%$ larger than the other measures, and diverging further at higher redshifts. We demonstrate that these measures depart from simple self-similar evolution and explore how they vary with the defined radius of haloes. We investigate how different feedback prescriptions and resolution affect the observed temperatures, and discover the SZ temperatures are rather insensitive to these details. The agreement between simulations indicates an exciting avenue for observational and theoretical exploration, determining the extent of relativistic SZ corrections. We provide multiple simulation-based fits to the scaling relations for use in future SZ modelling.