Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Stefania Amodeo
Nicholas Battaglia
Emmanuel Schaan
Simone Ferraro
Emily Moser
Simone Aiola
Jason E. Austermann
James A. Beall
Rachel Bean
Daniel T. Becker
Richard J. Bond
Erminia Calabrese
Victoria Calafut
Steve K. Choi
Edward V. Denison
Mark Devlin
Shannon M. Duff
Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden
Jo Dunkley
Rolando Dünner
Abstract： The thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects (tSZ, kSZ) probe the thermodynamic properties of the circumgalactic and intracluster medium (CGM and ICM) of galaxies, groups, and clusters, since they are proportional, respectively, to the integrated electron pressure and momentum along the line-of-sight. We present constraints on the gas thermodynamics of CMASS galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) using new measurements of the kSZ and tSZ signals obtained in a companion paper. Combining kSZ and tSZ measurements, we measure within our model the amplitude of energy injection $\epsilon M_\star c^2$, where $M_\star$ is the stellar mass, to be $\epsilon=(40\pm9)\times10^{-6}$, and the amplitude of the non-thermal pressure profile to be $\alpha_{\rm Nth}<0.2$ (2$\sigma$), indicating that less than 20% of the total pressure within the virial radius is due to a non-thermal component. We estimate the effects of including baryons in the modeling of weak-lensing galaxy cross-correlation measurements using the best-fit density profile from the kSZ measurement. Our estimate reduces the difference between the original theoretical model and the weak-lensing galaxy cross-correlation measurements in arXiv:1611.08606 by half but does not fully reconcile it. Comparing the tSZ measurements to cosmological simulations, we find that simulations underestimate the CGM pressure at large radii while they fare better in comparison with the kSZ measurements. This suggests that the energy injected via feedback models in the simulations that we compared against does not sufficiently heat the gas at these radii. We do not find significant disagreement at smaller radii. These measurements provide novel tests of current and future simulations. This work demonstrates the power of joint, high signal-to-noise kSZ and tSZ observations, upon which future cross-correlation studies will improve.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Yilun Guan
Susan E. Clark
Brandon S. Hensley
Patricio A. Gallardo
Sigurd Naess
Cody J. Duell
Simone Aiola
Zachary Atkins
Erminia Calabrese
Steve K. Choi
Nicholas F. Cothard
Mark Devlin
Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden
Jo Dunkley
Rolando Dünner
Simone Ferraro
Matthew Hasselfield
John P. Hughes
Brian J. Koopman
Arthur B. Kosowsky
Abstract： We present arcminute-resolution intensity and polarization maps of the Galactic center made with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The maps cover a 32 deg$^2$ field at 98, 150, and 224 GHz with $\vert l\vert\le4^\circ$, $\vert b\vert\le2^\circ$. We combine these data with Planck observations at similar frequencies to create coadded maps with increased sensitivity at large angular scales. With the coadded maps, we are able to resolve many known features of the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) in both total intensity and polarization. We map the orientation of the plane-of-sky component of the Galactic magnetic field inferred from the polarization angle in the CMZ, finding significant changes in morphology in the three frequency bands as the underlying dominant emission mechanism changes from synchrotron to dust emission. Selected Galactic center sources, including Sgr A*, the Brick molecular cloud (G0.253+0.016), the Mouse pulsar wind nebula (G359.23-0.82), and the Tornado supernova remnant candidate (G357.7-0.1), are examined in detail. These data illustrate the potential for leveraging ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background polarization experiments for Galactic science.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Zachary Atkins
Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden
William R. Coulton
Frank J. Qu
Simone Aiola
Erminia Calabrese
Grace E. Chesmore
Steve K. Choi
Mark J. Devlin
Jo Dunkley
Carlos Hervías-Caimapo
Yilun Guan
Adrien La Posta
Zack Li
Thibaut Louis
Mathew S. Madhavacheril
Kavilan Moodley
Sigurd Naess
Federico Nati
Michael D. Niemack
Abstract： The increasing statistical power of cosmic microwave background (CMB) datasets requires a commensurate effort in understanding their noise properties. The noise in maps from ground-based instruments is dominated by large-scale correlations, which poses a modeling challenge. This paper develops novel models of the complex noise covariance structure in the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 6 (ACT DR6) maps. We first enumerate the noise properties that arise from the combination of the atmosphere and the ACT scan strategy. We then prescribe a class of Gaussian, map-based noise models, including a new wavelet-based approach that uses directional wavelet kernels for modeling correlated instrumental noise. The models are empirical, whose only inputs are a small number of independent realizations of the same region of sky. We evaluate the performance of these models against the ACT DR6 data by drawing ensembles of noise realizations. Applying these simulations to the ACT DR6 power spectrum pipeline reveals a $\sim 20\%$ excess in the covariance matrix diagonal when compared to an analytic expression that assumes noise properties are uniquely described by their power spectrum. Along with our public code, $\mathtt{mnms}$, this work establishes a necessary element in the science pipelines of both ACT DR6 and future ground-based CMB experiments such as the Simons Observatory (SO).
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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