Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Yong-Jie Chen
Dong-Wei Bao
Shuo Zhai
Feng-Na Fang
Chen Hu
Pu Du
Sen Yang
Zhu-Heng Yao
Yan-Rong Li
Michael S. Brotherton
Jacob N. McLane
T. E. Zastrocky
Kianna A. Olson
Edi Bon
Hua-Rui Bai
Yi-Xin Fu
Jun-Rong Liu
Yi-Lin Wang
Jaya Maithil
H. A. Kobulnicky
Abstract： We report the results of long-term reverberation mapping (RM) campaigns of the nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) NGC 4151, spanning from 1994 to 2022, based on archived observations of the FAST Spectrograph Publicly Archived Programs and our new observations with the 2.3m telescope at the Wyoming Infrared Observatory. We reduce and calibrate all the spectra in a consistent way, and derive light curves of the broad H$\beta$ line and 5100\,{\AA} continuum. Continuum light curves are also constructed using public archival photometric data to increase sampling cadences. We subtract the host galaxy contamination using {\it HST} imaging to correct fluxes of the calibrated light curves. Utilizing the long-term archival photometric data, we complete the absolute flux-calibration of the AGN continuum. We find that the H$\beta$ time delays are correlated with the 5100\,{\AA} luminosities as $\tau_{\rm H\beta}\propto L_{5100}^{0.46\pm0.16}$. This is remarkably consistent with Bentz et al. (2013)'s global size-luminosity relationship of AGNs. Moreover, the data sets for five of the seasons allow us to obtain the velocity-resolved delays of the H$\beta$ line, showing diverse structures (outflows, inflows and disks). Combining our results with previous independent measurements, we find the measured dynamics of the H$\beta$ broad-line region (BLR) are possibly related to the long-term trend of the luminosity. There is also a possible additional $\sim$1.86 years time lag between the variation in BLR radius and luminosity. These results suggest that dynamical changes in the BLR may be driven by the effects of radiation pressure.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Yong-Jie Chen
Dong-Wei Bao
Shuo Zhai
Feng-Na Fang
Chen Hu
Pu Du
Sen Yang
Zhu-Heng Yao
Yan-Rong Li
Michael S. Brotherton
Jacob N. McLane
T. E. Zastrocky
Kianna A. Olson
Edi Bon
Hua-Rui Bai
Yi-Xin Fu
Jun-Rong Liu
Yi-Lin Wang
Jaya Maithil
H. A. Kobulnicky
Abstract： We report the results of long-term reverberation mapping (RM) campaigns of the nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) NGC 4151, spanning from 1994 to 2022, based on archived observations of the FAST Spectrograph Publicly Archived Programs and our new observations with the 2.3m telescope at the Wyoming Infrared Observatory. We reduce and calibrate all the spectra in a consistent way, and derive light curves of the broad H$\beta$ line and 5100\,{\AA} continuum. Continuum light curves are also constructed using public archival photometric data to increase sampling cadences. We subtract the host galaxy contamination using {\it HST} imaging to correct fluxes of the calibrated light curves. Utilizing the long-term archival photometric data, we complete the absolute flux-calibration of the AGN continuum. We find that the H$\beta$ time delays are correlated with the 5100\,{\AA} luminosities as $\tau_{\rm H\beta}\propto L_{5100}^{0.46\pm0.16}$. This is remarkably consistent with Bentz et al. (2013)'s global size-luminosity relationship of AGNs. Moreover, the data sets for five of the seasons allow us to obtain the velocity-resolved delays of the H$\beta$ line, showing diverse structures (outflows, inflows and disks). Combining our results with previous independent measurements, we find the measured dynamics of the H$\beta$ broad-line region (BLR) are possibly related to the long-term trend of the luminosity. There is also a possible additional $\sim$1.86 years time lag between the variation in BLR radius and luminosity. These results suggest that dynamical changes in the BLR may be driven by the effects of radiation pressure.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Dong-Wei Bao
Michael S. Brotherton
Pu Du
Jacob N. McLane
T. E. Zastrocky
Kianna A. Olson
Feng-Na Fang
Shuo Zhai
Zheng-Peng Huang
Kai Wang
Bi-Xuan Zhao
Sha-Sha Li
Sen Yang
Yong-Jie Chen
Jun-Rong Liu
Zhu-Heng Yao
Yue-Chang Peng
Wei-Jian Guo
Yu-Yang Songsheng
Yan-Rong Li
Abstract： In this third paper of the series reporting on the reverberation mapping (RM) campaign of active galactic nuclei with asymmetric H$\beta$ emission-line profiles, we present results for 15 Palomar-Green (PG) quasars using spectra obtained between the end of 2016 to May 2021. This campaign combines long time spans with relatively high cadence. For 8 objects, both the time lags obtained from the entire light curves and the measurements from individual observing seasons are provided. Reverberation mapping of 9 of our targets has been attempted for the first time, while the results for 6 others can be compared with previous campaigns. We measure the H$\beta$ time lags over periods of years and estimate their black hole masses. The long duration of the campaign enables us to investigate their broad line region (BLR) geometry and kinematics for different years by using velocity-resolved lags, which demonstrate signatures of diverse BLR geometry and kinematics. The BLR geometry and kinematics of individual objects are discussed. In this sample, the BLR kinematics of Keplerian/virialized motion and inflow is more common than outflow.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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