Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-09-10
Abstract： In this paper, firstly, the real empirical law based on a large number of mechanical experiments is restored, from which the causality of the particle dynamics is obtained. Secondly, a symmetric new equation of particle dynamics is introduced in the framework of Newtonian dynamics using the basic idea of causal symmetry and consistency. The symmetric new equation is directly applicable to an arbitrary translational reference frame and is symmetrical because the investigated object and the reference object are placed on exactly equal status. The symmetric new equation degenerates to Newton's second law when the real force acting on the reference object is constant zero, and just at that time, the reference frame corresponds to an inertial frame of reference. Since the acceleration of any reference frame depends directly on the acceleration of its reference object, and the acceleration of the reference object depends directly on the forces acting on the reference object, the nature of the inertial force is revealed to be the real force acting on the reference object after the mass equalization. This qualitative interpretation of the inertial force is universal. As for the translational reference frame, the qualitative interpretation of the inertial force can be further demonstrated by a specific theoretical computational expression. The theoretical analysis shows that the symmetric new equation can also be naturally integrated into the theoretical framework of classical mechanics and is more in line with experimental and empirical laws than Newton's second law, as long as the total force acting on the investigated object is replaced by the relative force between the investigated object and the reference object. Finally, on this basis, we demonstrate the advantages of the symmetric new equation in practical applications through seven specific examples in a comprehensive manner.
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Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> Geophysics, Astronomy, and Astrophysics Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-08-25
Abstract： This article investigates the physical logic of the principle of relativity for particle dynamics. Through the analysis of causal corresponding in dynamics, the reason why the puzzle of inertial force and inertial frame of reference exists in Newtonian Mechanics is uncovered to be that the causal corresponding of the frame of reference is neglected in the establishment of particle dynamics. The dynamical property of the frame of reference should be attributed to the particle of reference. At the same time, the particle of reference and the particle under study should be put on an entirely equal status. Therefore, a new particle dynamics equation, which does not depend on the inertial frame of reference and keeps invariant in all translational frames of reference, is achieved. As for the rotational frame of reference, on the one hand, the nature of inertial forces has been revealed as the real force acting on the particle of reference with a mass-based weighting factor. The physics effect of the gravitational force is not equal to that of the inertial force. On the other hand, according to the fundamental rule of causal corresponding, the physics of rotational frames of reference must contain the dynamical properties of four non-coplanar particles of reference, hence it is difficult to be formalized into a concise equation. Finally, this article proposes that any kind of principle of relativity, as long as they declare to be generalized into the rotational frames of reference, should be re-examined.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> Geophysics, Astronomy, and Astrophysics Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics Subjects: Astronomy >> Galaxy and Cosmology submitted time 2022-11-03
Abstract：
Based on the consideration of naturalness and physical facts in Einstein's theories of relativity, a nontrivial spacetime physical picture, which has a slight difference from the standard one, is introduced by making a further distinction on the absolute background of spacetime and the relative length or duration of base units of spacetime. In this picture, the coordinate base units in gravity-induced spacetime metric are defined by the standard clock and ruler equipped by the observer, and duplicated onto the every position of the whole universe. In contrast, the local intrinsic base units of spacetime in gravitational field are defined by the length and duration of physical events intervals in the same-type standard clock and ruler which are really located at every position of the universe. In principle, the reading number of the standard clock is counted by the undergone times of unit intervals defined depending on a certain kind of local intrinsic events. But the size of the base units of spacetime is essentially depicted by the length of the line segment, which is cut from the absolute background of spacetime by the local intrinsic events of unit interval. The effect of gravitation is just to change the length of this segment for base spacetime units. On the basis of such a physical picture of spacetime, in a fairly natural way we re-derive a new classical dynamical equation which satisfies a more realistic and moderately general principle of relativity. To further examine this physical picture including of gravitation and spacetime, we finally reinvestigate the physical picture of spacetime in cosmology and propose a more general and rensonable form for cosmological metric.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. Subjects: Physics >> Geophysics, Astronomy, and Astrophysics submitted time 2022-06-08
Abstract：
This article investigates the physics logic of the principle of relativity for particle dynamics. Through the analysis of causal corresponding in dynamics, the reason why the puzzle of inertial force and inertial reference frame exists in Newtonian mechanics is uncovered, and the conclusion is that the causal corresponding of the reference frame is neglected in the formula of particle dynamics. The dynamics property of the reference frame should be attributed to the reference object. At the same time, the reference object and the object being investigated should be put on an entirely equal status. Therefore, a new particle dynamics equation that is not affected by the inertial reference frame and keeps invariant in all translational frames of reference is introduced. As for the rotating reference frame, on the one hand, the nature of inertial forces has been revealed as the mass-ratio weighted real force acting on the reference object. So the physics effect of the gravitational force is not equal to that of the inertial force. On the other hand, in the spirit of causal corresponding, the physics of rotating reference frames must contain the dynamics properties of four non-coplanar reference objects. Hence it is difficult to be reconstructed into a concise formula. In this sense, this article also proposes that Einstein's principle of general relativity is not credible. The key point of the extension of the dynamical principle of relativity is to ensure the causal correspondence of reference object(s) on both sides of the dynamical equation.
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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