Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract： There exist two kinds of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds associated with the primordial curvature perturbations. One is called induced gravitational wave due to the nonlinear coupling of curvature perturbations to tensor perturbations, while the other is produced by coalescences of binary primordial black holes formed when the large amplitude curvature perturbations reenter the horizon in the radiation dominant era. In this paper we find a quite useful relation for the peak frequencies of these two stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds. This relation can not only offer a smoking-gun criterion for the existence of primordial black holes, but also provide a method for measuring the Hubble constant $H_0$ by multiband observations of the stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract： Primordial black holes (PBHs) can be not only cold dark matter candidates but also progenitors of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration. The PBH mass can be shifted to the heavy distribution if multi-merger processes occur. In this work, we constrain the merger history of PBH binaries using the gravitational wave events from the third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3). Considering four commonly used PBH mass functions, namely the log-normal, power-law, broken power-law, and critical collapse forms, we find that the multi-merger processes make a subdominant contribution to the total merger rate. Therefore, the effect of merger history can be safely ignored when estimating the merger rate of PBH binaries. We also find that GWTC-3 is best fitted by the log-normal form among the four PBH mass functions and confirm that the stellar-mass PBHs cannot dominate cold dark matter.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Pavan Kumar Aluri
Paolo Cea
Pravabati Chingangbam
Ming-Chung Chu
Roger G. Clowes
Damien Hutsemékers
Joby P. Kochappan
Alexia M. Lopez
Lang Liu
Niels C. M. Martens
C. J. A. P. Martins
Konstantinos Migkas
Eoin Ó Colgáin
Pratyush Pranav
Lior Shamir
Ashok K. Singal
M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari
Jenny Wagner
Shao-Jiang Wang
David L. Wiltshire
Abstract： The Cosmological Principle (CP) -- the notion that the Universe is spatially isotropic and homogeneous on large scales -- underlies a century of progress in cosmology. It is conventionally formulated through the Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmologies as the spacetime metric, and culminates in the successful and highly predictive $\Lambda$-Cold-Dark-Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model. Yet, tensions have emerged within the $\Lambda$CDM model, most notably a statistically significant discrepancy in the value of the Hubble constant, $H_0$. Since the notion of cosmic expansion determined by a single parameter is intimately tied to the CP, implications of the $H_0$ tension may extend beyond $\Lambda$CDM to the CP itself. This review surveys current observational hints for deviations from the expectations of the CP, highlighting synergies and disagreements that warrant further study. Setting aside the debate about individual large structures, potential deviations from the CP include variations of cosmological parameters on the sky, discrepancies in the cosmic dipoles, and mysterious alignments in quasar polarizations and galaxy spins. While it is possible that a host of observational systematics are impacting results, it is equally plausible that precision cosmology may have outgrown the FLRW paradigm, an extremely pragmatic but non-fundamental symmetry assumption.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract： Primordial black holes (PBHs) can be not only cold dark matter candidates but also progenitors of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration. The PBH mass can be shifted to the heavy distribution if multi-merger processes occur. In this work, we constrain the merger history of PBH binaries using the gravitational wave events from the third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3). Considering four commonly used PBH mass functions, namely the log-normal, power-law, broken power-law, and critical collapse forms, we find that the multi-merger processes make a subdominant contribution to the total merger rate. Therefore, the effect of merger history can be safely ignored when estimating the merger rate of PBH binaries. We also find that GWTC-3 is best fitted by the log-normal form among the four PBH mass functions and confirm that the stellar-mass PBHs cannot dominate cold dark matter.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract： We consider the two-body dynamical capture of black holes carrying U(1) charge which can not only correspond to electric or magnetic charge but also have other physical interpretations such as dark or hidden charge. In the low-velocity and weak-field regime, we study gravitational and electromagnetic radiations from point masses with U(1) charges in a hyperbolic orbit, and we develop a formalism to derive the merger rate of charged black holes from the two-body dynamical capture. We apply the formalism to find the effects of the charge-to-mass ratio on the merger rate for possible different cases and discover that the effects depend on the models.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract： There exist two kinds of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds associated with the primordial curvature perturbations. One is called induced gravitational wave due to the nonlinear coupling of curvature perturbations to tensor perturbations, while the other is produced by coalescences of binary primordial black holes formed when the large amplitude curvature perturbations reenter the horizon in the radiation dominant era. In this paper we find a quite useful relation for the peak frequencies of these two stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds. This relation can not only offer a smoking-gun criterion for the existence of primordial black holes, but also provide a method for measuring the Hubble constant $H_0$ by multiband observations of the stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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