分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Ariel Goobar
Joel Johansson
Steve Schulze
Nikki Arense
Ana Sagues Carracedo
Suhail Dhawan
Edvard Mörtsell
Christoffer Fremling
Lin Yan
Daniel Perley
Jesper Sollerman
Remy Joseph
K-Ryan Hinds
William Meynardie
Igor Andreoni
Eric Bellm
Josh Bloom
Thomas E. Collett
Andrew Drake
Matthew Graham
摘要： We report the discovery of a very rare phenomenon, a multiply-imaged gravitationally lensed Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia), "SN Zwicky", a.k.a. SN 2022qmx, magnified nearly twenty-five times by a foreground galaxy. The system was identified as intrinsically bright thanks to the "standard candle" nature of SNe Ia. Observations with high-spatial resolution instruments resolved a system with four nearly simultaneous images, with an Einstein radius of only $\theta_E =0.167"$, corresponding to a lens mass of $8\cdot 10^9$ solar masses within a physical size below $0.8$ kiloparsecs. A smooth lens model fails to reproduce the image flux ratios, suggesting significant additional magnification from compact objects. Given the small image splitting and a relatively faint deflecting galaxy, the lensing system would not have been found through the angular separation technique generally used in large imaging surveys.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Melissa Shahbandeh
Arkaprabha Sarangi
Tea Temim
Tamas Szalai
Ori D. Fox
Samaporn Tinyanont
Eli Dwek
Luc Dessart
Alexei V. Filippenko
Thomas G. Brink
Ryan J. Foley
Jacob Jencson
Justin Pierel
Szanna Zsiros
Armin Rest
WeiKang Zheng
Jennifer Andrews
Geoffrey C. Clayton
Kishalay De
Michael Engesser
摘要： Supernova (SN) explosions have been sought for decades as a possible source of dust in the Universe, providing the seeds of galaxies, stars, and planetary systems. SN 1987A offers one of the most promising examples of significant SN dust formation, but until the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), instruments have traditionally lacked the sensitivity at both late times (>1 yr post-explosion) and longer wavelengths (i.e., >10 um) to detect analogous dust reservoirs. Here we present JWST/MIRI observations of two historic Type IIP SNe, 2004et and SN 2017eaw, at nearly 18 and 5 yr post-explosion, respectively. We fit the spectral energy distributions as functions of dust mass and temperature, from which we are able to constrain the dust geometry, origin, and heating mechanism. We place a 90% confidence lower limit on the dust masses for SNe 2004et and 2017eaw of >0.014 and >4e-4 M_sun, respectively. More dust may exist at even colder temperatures or may be obscured by high optical depths. We conclude dust formation in the ejecta to be the most plausible and consistent scenario. The observed dust is radiatively heated to ~100-150 K by ongoing shock interaction with the circumstellar medium. Regardless of the best fit or heating mechanism adopted, the inferred dust mass for SN 2004et is the second highest (next to SN 1987A) inferred dust mass in extragalactic SNe thus far, promoting the prospect of SNe as potential significant sources of dust in the Universe.
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