Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Rogier A. Windhorst
Seth H. Cohen
Rolf A. Jansen
Jake Summers
Scott Tompkins
Christopher J. Conselice
Simon P. Driver
Haojing Yan
Dan Coe
Brenda Frye
Norman Grogin
Anton Koekemoer
Madeline A. Marshall
Rosalia O'Brien
Nor Pirzkal
Aaron Robotham
Russell E. Ryan,
Christopher N. A. Willmer
Timothy Carleton
Jose M. Diego
Abstract： We give an overview and describe the rationale, methods, and first results from NIRCam images of the JWST "Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science" ("PEARLS") project. PEARLS uses up to eight NIRCam filters to survey several prime extragalactic survey areas: two fields at the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP); seven gravitationally lensing clusters; two high redshift proto-clusters; and the iconic backlit VV 191 galaxy system to map its dust attenuation. PEARLS also includes NIRISS spectra for one of the NEP fields and NIRSpec spectra of two high-redshift quasars. The main goal of PEARLS is to study the epoch of galaxy assembly, AGN growth, and First Light. Five fields, the JWST NEP Time-Domain Field (TDF), IRAC Dark Field (IDF), and three lensing clusters, will be observed in up to four epochs over a year. The cadence and sensitivity of the imaging data are ideally suited to find faint variable objects such as weak AGN, high-redshift supernovae, and cluster caustic transits. Both NEP fields have sightlines through our Galaxy, providing significant numbers of very faint brown dwarfs whose proper motions can be studied. Observations from the first spoke in the NEP TDF are public. This paper presents our first PEARLS observations, their NIRCam data reduction and analysis, our first object catalogs, the 0.9-4.5 $\mu$m galaxy counts and Integrated Galaxy Light. We assess the JWST sky brightness in 13 NIRCam filters, yielding our first constraints to diffuse light at 0.9-4.5 {\mu}m. PEARLS is designed to be of lasting benefit to the community.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao
Dan Coe
Abdurro'uf
Lily Whitler
Intae Jung
Gourav Khullar
Ashish Kumar Meena
Pratika Dayal
Kirk S. S. Barrow
Lillian Santos-Olmsted
Adam Casselman
Eros Vanzella
Mario Nonino
Yolanda Jimenez-Teja
Masamune Oguri
Daniel P. Stark
Lukas J. Furtak
Adi Zitrin
Angela Adamo
Gabriel Brammer
Abstract： MACS0647$-$JD is a triply-lensed $z\sim11$ galaxy originally discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we report new JWST imaging, which clearly resolves MACS0647$-$JD as having two components that are either merging galaxies or stellar complexes within a single galaxy. Both are very small, with stellar masses $\sim10^8\,M_\odot$ and radii $r<100\,\rm pc$. The brighter larger component "A" is intrinsically very blue ($\beta\sim-2.6$), likely due to very recent star formation and no dust, and is spatially extended with an effective radius $\sim70\,\rm pc$. The smaller component "B" appears redder ($\beta\sim-2$), likely because it is older ($100-200\,\rm Myr$) with mild dust extinction ($A_V\sim0.1\,\rm mag$), and a smaller radius $\sim20\,\rm pc$. We identify galaxies with similar colors in a high-redshift simulation, finding their star formation histories to be out of phase. With an estimated stellar mass ratio of roughly 2:1 and physical projected separation $\sim400\,\rm pc$, we may be witnessing a galaxy merger 400 million years after the Big Bang. We also identify a candidate companion galaxy C $\sim3\,{\rm kpc}$ away, likely destined to merge with galaxies A and B. The combined light from galaxies A+B is magnified by factors of $\sim$8, 5, and 2 in three lensed images JD1, 2, and 3 with F356W fluxes $\sim322$, $203$, $86\,\rm nJy$ (AB mag 25.1, 25.6, 26.6). MACS0647$-$JD is significantly brighter than other galaxies recently discovered at similar redshifts with JWST. Without magnification, it would have AB mag 27.3 ($M_{UV}=-20.4$). With a high confidence level, we obtain a photometric redshift of $z=10.6\pm0.3$ based on photometry measured in 6 NIRCam filters spanning $1-5\rm\mu m$, out to $4300\,\r{A}$ rest-frame. JWST NIRSpec observations planned for January 2023 will deliver a spectroscopic redshift and a more detailed study of the physical properties of MACS0647$-$JD.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Steven L. Finkelstein
Micaela B. Bagley
Henry C. Ferguson
Stephen M. Wilkins
Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
Casey Papovich
L. Y. Aaron Yung
Pablo Arrabal Haro
Peter Behroozi
Mark Dickinson
Dale D. Kocevski
Anton M. Koekemoer
Rebecca L. Larson
Aurelien Le Bail
Alexa M. Morales
Pablo G. Perez-Gonzalez
Denis Burgarella
Romeel Dave
Michaela Hirschmann
Rachel S. Somerville
Abstract： We present an investigation into the first 500 Myr of galaxy evolution from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. CEERS, one of 13 JWST ERS programs, targets galaxy formation from z~0.5 to z>10 using several imaging and spectroscopic modes. We make use of the first epoch of CEERS NIRCam imaging, spanning 35.5 sq. arcmin, to search for candidate galaxies at z>9. Following a detailed data reduction process implementing several custom steps to produce high-quality reduced images, we perform multi-band photometry across seven NIRCam broad and medium-band (and six Hubble broadband) filters focusing on robust colors and accurate total fluxes. We measure photometric redshifts and devise a robust set of selection criteria to identify a sample of 26 galaxy candidates at z~9-16. These objects are compact with a median half-light radius of ~0.5 kpc. We present an early estimate of the z~11 rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function, finding that the number density of galaxies at M_UV ~ -20 appears to evolve very little from z~9 to z~11. We also find that the abundance (surface density [arcmin^-2]) of our candidates exceeds nearly all theoretical predictions. We explore potential implications, including that at z>10 star formation may be dominated by top-heavy initial mass functions, which would result in an increased ratio of UV light per unit halo mass, though a complete lack of dust attenuation and/or changing star-formation physics may also play a role. While spectroscopic confirmation of these sources is urgently required, our results suggest that the deeper views to come with JWST should yield prolific samples of ultra-high-redshift galaxies with which to further explore these conclusions.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Larry D. Bradley
Dan Coe
Gabriel Brammer
Lukas J. Furtak
Rebecca L. Larson
Felipe Andrade-Santos
Rachana Bhatawdekar
Marusa Bradac
Tom Broadhurst
Adam Carnall
Christopher J. Conselice
Jose M. Diego
Brenda Frye
Seiji Fujimoto
Tiger Y. -Y Hsiao
Taylor A. Hutchison
Intae Jung
Guillaume Mahler
Stephan McCandliss
Masamune Oguri
Abstract： JWST was designed to peer into the distant universe and study galaxies nearer the beginning of time than previously. Here we report the discovery of 12 galaxy candidates observed 300-600 Myr after the Big Bang with photometric redshifts between z ~ 8.5-13 measured using JWST NIRCam imaging of the galaxy cluster WHL0137 observed in 8 filters spanning 0.8-5.0 $\mu$m, plus 9 HST filters spanning 0.4-1.7 $\mu$m. Three of these candidates are gravitationally lensed by the foreground galaxy cluster and have magnifications of $\mu \sim 3 - 8$. The remaining nine candidates are located in a second JWST NIRCam module, centered ~29' from the cluster center, with expected magnifications of $\mu$ <~ 1.1. Our sample of high-redshift candidates have observed F200W AB magnitudes between 25.9 and 28.1 mag and intrinsic F200W AB magnitudes between 26.4 and 29.7 mag ($M_{UV}$ = -22.5 to -17). We find the stellar masses of these galaxies are in the range $\log M_{*}/M_{\odot}$ = 8 - 9, and down to 7.5 for the lensed galaxies. All are young with mass-weighted ages < 100 Myr, low dust content $A_V$ < 0.15 mag, and high specific star formation rates sSFR ~10-50 Gyr$^{-1}$ for most. One z ~ 9 candidate is consistent with an age < 5 Myr and a sSFR ~250 Gyr$^{-1}$, as inferred from a strong F444W excess, implying [OIII]+H-beta rest-frame equivalent width ~2000 Angstrom, although an older and redder z~ 10 object is also allowed. Another z~9 candidate ID9356 is lensed into an arc 2.6" long by the effects of strong gravitational lensing ($\mu$~8), and has at least two bright knots of unevenly distributed star formation. This arc is the most spatially-resolved galaxy at z~9 known to date, revealing structures ~30 pc across. Follow-up spectroscopy of WHL0137 with JWST/NIRSpec is planned for later this year, which will validate some of these candidates and study their physical properties in more detail.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Jorge A. Zavala
Veronique Buat
Caitlin M. Casey
Denis Burgarella
Steven L. Finkelstein
Micaela B. Bagley
Laure Ciesla
Emanuele Daddi
Mark Dickinson
Henry C. Ferguson
Maximilien Franco
E. F. Jim'enez-Andrade
Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
Anton M. Koekemoer
Aurélien Le Bail
E. J. Murphy
Casey Papovich
Sandro Tacchella
Stephen M. Wilkins
Itziar Aretxaga
Abstract： Lyman Break Galaxy (LBG) candidates at z>10 are rapidly being identified in JWST/NIRCam observations. Due to the (redshifted) break produced by neutral hydrogen absorption of rest-frame UV photons, these sources are expected to drop out in the bluer filters while being well detected in redder filters. However, here we show that dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at lower redshifts (z<7) may also mimic the near-infrared (near-IR) colors of z>10 LBGs, representing potential contaminants in LBG candidate samples. First, we analyze CEERS-DSFG-1, a NIRCam dropout undetected in the F115W and F150W filters but detected at longer wavelengths. Combining the JWST data with (sub)millimeter constraints, including deep NOEMA interferometric observations, we show that this source is a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z~5.1. We also present a tentative 2.6sigma SCUBA-2 detection at 850um around a recently identified z~16 LBG candidate in the same field and show that, if the emission is real and associated with this candidate, the available photometry is consistent with a z~5 dusty galaxy with strong nebular emission lines despite its blue near-IR colors. Further observations on this candidate are imperative to mitigate the low confidence of this tentative submillimeter emission and its positional uncertainty. Our analysis shows that robust (sub)millimeter detections of NIRCam dropout galaxies likely imply z=4-6 redshift solutions, where the observed near-IR break would be the result of a strong rest-frame optical Balmer break combined with high dust attenuation and strong nebular line emission, rather than the rest-frame UV Lyman break. This provides evidence that DSFGs may contaminate searches for ultra high-redshift LBG candidates from JWST observations.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Camilla Pacifici
Kartheik G. Iyer
Bahram Mobasher
Elisabete da Cunha
Viviana Acquaviva
Denis Burgarella
Gabriela Calistro Rivera
Adam C. Carnall
Yu-Yen Chang
Nima Chartab
Kevin C. Cooke
Ciaran Fairhurst
Jeyhan Kartaltepe
Joel Leja
Katarzyna Malek
Brett Salmon
Marianna Torelli
Alba Vidal-Garcia
Mederic Boquien
Gabriel G. Brammer
Abstract： The study of galaxy evolution hinges on our ability to interpret multi-wavelength galaxy observations in terms of their physical properties. To do this, we rely on spectral energy distribution (SED) models which allow us to infer physical parameters from spectrophotometric data. In recent years, thanks to the wide and deep multi-waveband galaxy surveys, the volume of high quality data have significantly increased. Alongside the increased data, algorithms performing SED fitting have improved, including better modeling prescriptions, newer templates, and more extensive sampling in wavelength space. We present a comprehensive analysis of different SED fitting codes including their methods and output with the aim of measuring the uncertainties caused by the modeling assumptions. We apply fourteen of the most commonly used SED fitting codes on samples from the CANDELS photometric catalogs at z~1 and z~3. We find agreement on the stellar mass, while we observe some discrepancies in the star formation rate (SFR) and dust attenuation results. To explore the differences and biases among the codes, we explore the impact of the various modeling assumptions as they are set in the codes (e.g., star formation histories, nebular, dust, and AGN models) on the derived stellar masses, SFRs, and A_V values. We then assess the difference among the codes on the SFR-stellar mass relation and we measure the contribution to the uncertainties by the modeling choices (i.e., the modeling uncertainties) in stellar mass (~0.1dex), SFR (~0.3dex), and dust attenuation (~0.3mag). Finally, we present some resources summarizing best practices in SED fitting.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Micaela B. Bagley
Nor Pirzkal
Steven L. Finkelstein
Casey Papovich
Danielle A. Berg
Jennifer M. Lotz
Gene C. K. Leung
Henry C. Ferguson
Anton M. Koekemoer
Mark Dickinson
Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
Dale D. Kocevski
Rachel S. Somerville
L. Y. Aaron Yung
Bren E. Backhaus
Caitlin M. Casey
Marco Castellano
Óscar A. Chávez Ortiz
Katherine Chworowsky
Isabella G. Cox
Abstract： We present the Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public (NGDEEP)
Survey, a deep slitless spectroscopic and imaging Cycle 1 JWST treasury survey
designed to constrain feedback mechanisms in low-mass galaxies across cosmic
time. NGDEEP targets the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with NIRISS slitless
spectroscopy (f~1.2e-18 erg/s/cm^2, 5sigma) to measure metallicities and
star-formation rates (SFRs) for low-mass galaxies through the peak of the
cosmic SFR density (0.5
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Brian Welch
Dan Coe
Erik Zackrisson
S. E. de Mink
Swara Ravindranath
Jay Anderson
Gabriel Brammer
Larry Bradley
Jinmi Yoon
Patrick Kelly
Jose M. Diego
Rogier Windhorst
Adi Zitrin
Paola Dimauro
Yolanda Jimenez-Teja
Abdurro'uf
Mario Nonino
Ana Acebron
Felipe Andrade-Santos
Roberto J. Avila
Abstract： The gravitationally lensed star WHL0137-LS, nicknamed Earendel, was identified with a photometric redshift $z_{phot} = 6.2 \pm 0.1$ based on images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) images of Earendel in 8 filters spanning 0.8--5.0$\mu$m. In these higher resolution images, Earendel remains a single unresolved point source on the lensing critical curve, increasing the lower limit on the lensing magnification to $\mu > 4000$ and restricting the source plane radius further to $r < 0.02$ pc, or $\sim 4000$ AU. These new observations strengthen the conclusion that Earendel is best explained by an individual star or multiple star system, and support the previous photometric redshift estimate. Fitting grids of stellar spectra to our photometry yields a stellar temperature of $T_{\mathrm{eff}} \simeq 13000$--16000 K assuming the light is dominated by a single star. The delensed bolometric luminosity in this case ranges from $\log(L) = 5.8$--6.6 $L_{\odot}$, which is in the range where one expects luminous blue variable stars. Follow-up observations, including JWST NIRSpec scheduled for late 2022, are needed to further unravel the nature of this object, which presents a unique opportunity to study massive stars in the first billion years of the universe.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Seiji Fujimoto
Steven L. Finkelstein
Denis Burgarella
Chris L. Carilli
Véronique Buat
Caitlin M. Casey
Laure Ciesla
Sandro Tacchella
Jorge A. Zavala
Gabriel Brammer
Yoshinobu Fudamoto
Masami Ouchi
Francesco Valentino
M. C. Cooper
Mark Dickinson
Maximilien Franco
Mauro Giavalisco
Taylor A. Hutchison
Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
Anton M. Koekemoer
Abstract： We present ALMA Band 7 observations of a remarkably bright galaxy candidate at $z_{\rm phot}$=$16.7^{+1.9}_{-0.3}$ ($M_{\rm UV}$=$-21.6$), S5-z17-1, identified in JWST Early Release Observation data of Stephen's Quintet. We do not detect the dust continuum at 866 $\mu$m, ruling out the possibility that S5-z17-1 is a low-$z$ dusty starburst with a star-formation rate (SFR) of $\gtrsim 30\,M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. We detect a 5.1$\sigma$ line feature at $338.726\pm0.007$ GHz exactly coinciding with the JWST source position, with a 2% likelihood of the signal being spurious. The most likely line identification would be [OIII]52$\mu$m at $z=16.01$ or [CII]158$\mu$m at $z=4.61$, whose line luminosities do not violate the non-detection of the dust continuum in both cases. Together with three other $z\gtrsim$ 11-13 candidate galaxies recently observed with ALMA, we conduct a joint ALMA and JWST spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis and find that the high-$z$ solution at $z\sim$11-17 is favored in every candidate as a very blue (UV continuum slope of $\approx-2.3$) and luminous ($M_{\rm UV}$ $\approx$ [$-$24:$-$21]) system. Still, we find in some candidates that reasonable SED fits ($\Delta$ $\chi^{2}\lesssim4$) are reproduced by type-II quasar and/or quiescent galaxy templates with strong emission lines at $z\sim3$-5, where such populations predicted from their luminosity functions and EW([OIII]+H$\beta$) distributions are abundant in survey volumes used for the $z\sim$11-17 candidates. While these recent ALMA observation results have strengthened the likelihood of the high-$z$ solutions, lower-$z$ possibilities are not completely ruled out in some of the $z\sim$11-17 candidates.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Intae Jung
Steven L. Finkelstein
Rebecca L. Larson
Taylor A. Hutchison
Amber N. Straughn
Micaela B. Bagley
Marco Castellano
Nikko J. Cleri
M. C. Cooper
Mark Dickinson
Henry C. Ferguson
Benne W. Holwerda
Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
Seonwoo Kim
Anton M. Koekemoer
Casey Papovich
Hyunbae Park
Laura Pentericci
Pablo G. Perez-Gonzalez
Mimi Song
Abstract： We perform a ground-based near-infrared spectroscopic survey using the
Keck/MOSFIRE spectrograph to target Ly$\alpha$ emission at $7.0
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Caitlin M. Casey
Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
Nicole E. Drakos
Maximilien Franco
Santosh Harish
Louise Paquereau
Olivier Ilbert
Caitlin Rose
Isabella G. Cox
James W. Nightingale
Brant E. Robertson
John D. Silverman
Anton M. Koekemoer
Richard Massey
Henry Joy McCracken
Jason Rhodes
Hollis B. Akins
Aristeidis Amvrosiadis
Rafael C. Arango-Toro
Micaela B. Bagley
Abstract： We present the survey design, implementation, and outlook for COSMOS-Web, a
255 hour treasury program conducted by the James Webb Space Telescope in its
first cycle of observations. COSMOS-Web is a contiguous 0.54 deg$^2$ NIRCam
imaging survey in four filters (F115W, F150W, F277W, and F444W) that will reach
5$\sigma$ point source depths ranging $\sim$27.5-28.2 magnitudes. In parallel,
we will obtain 0.19 deg$^2$ of MIRI imaging in one filter (F770W) reaching
5$\sigma$ point source depths of $\sim$25.3-26.0 magnitudes. COSMOS-Web will
build on the rich heritage of multiwavelength observations and data products
available in the COSMOS field. The design of COSMOS-Web is motivated by three
primary science goals: (1) to discover thousands of galaxies in the Epoch of
Reionization ($6
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Casey Papovich
Justin Cole
Guang Yang
Steven L. Finkelstein
Guillermo Barro
Véronique Buat
Denis Burgarella
Pablo G. Pérez-González
Paola Santini
Lise-Marie Seillé
Lu Shen
Pablo Arrabal Haro
Micaela B. Bagley
Eric F. Bell
Laura Bisigello
Antonello Calabrò
Caitlin M. Casey
Marco Castellano
Katherine Chworowsky
Nikko J. Cleri
Abstract： We present results from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Survey (CEERS) on
the stellar-population parameters for 28 galaxies with redshifts $4
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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