Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Shin-Jeong Kim
Se-Heon Oh
Jing Wang
Lister Staveley-Smith
Bärbel S. Koribalski
Minsu Kim
Hye-Jin Park
Shinna Kim
Kristine Spekkens
Tobias Westmeier
O. Ivy Wong
Gerhardt R. Meurer
Peter Kamphuis.
Barbara Catinella
Kristen B. W. McQuinn
Frank Bigiel
Benne W. Holwerda
Jonghwan Rhee
Karen Lee-Waddell
Nathan Deg
Abstract： We examine the HI gas kinematics of galaxy pairs in two clusters and a group using Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) WALLABY pilot survey observations. We compare the HI properties of galaxy pair candidates in the Hydra I and Norma clusters, and the NGC 4636 group, with those of non-paired control galaxies selected in the same fields. We perform HI profile decomposition of the sample galaxies using a tool, {\sc baygaud} which allows us to de-blend a line-of-sight velocity profile with an optimal number of Gaussian components. We construct HI super-profiles of the sample galaxies via stacking of their line profiles after aligning the central velocities. We fit a double Gaussian model to the super-profiles and classify them as kinematically narrow and broad components with respect to their velocity dispersions. Additionally, we investigate the gravitational instability of HI gas disks of the sample galaxies using Toomre Q parameters and HI morphological disturbances. We investigate the effect of the cluster environment on the HI properties of galaxy pairs by dividing the cluster environment into three subcluster regions (i.e., outskirts, infalling and central regions). We find that the denser cluster environment (i.e., infalling and central regions) is likely to impact the HI gas properties of galaxies in a way of decreasing the amplitude of the kinematically narrow HI gas ($M_{\rm{narrow}}^{\rm{HI}}$/$M_{\rm{total}}^{\rm{HI}}$), and increasing the Toomre Q values of the infalling and central galaxies. This tendency is likely to be more enhanced for galaxy pairs in the cluster environment.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract： The FAST Ultra-Deep Survey (FUDS) is a blind survey that aims for the direct detection of HI in galaxies at redshifts $z<0.42$. The survey uses the multibeam receiver on the Five Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) to map six regions, each of size 0.72 deg$^2$ at high sensitivity ($\sim 50 \mu$Jy) and high frequency resolution (23 kHz). The survey will enable studies of the evolution of galaxies and their HI content with an eventual sample size of $\sim 1000$. We present the science goals, observing strategy, the effects of radio frequency interference (RFI) at the FAST site, our mitigation strategies and the methods for calibration, data reduction and imaging as applied to initial data. The observations and reductions for the first field, FUDS0, are completed, with around 128 HI galaxies detected in a preliminary analysis. Example spectra are given in this paper, including a comparison with data from the overlapping GAL2577 field of Arecibo Ultra-Deep Survey (AUDS).
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Shun Wang
Jing Wang
Bi-Qing For
Bumhyun Lee
Tristan Reynolds
Xuchen Lin
Lister Staveley-Smith
Li Shao
O. Ivy Wong
Barbara Catinella
Paolo Serra
Lourdes Verdes-Montenegro
Tobias Westmeier
Karen Lee-Waddell
Baerbel S. Koribalski
Chandrashekar Murugeshan
Ahmed Elagali
Dane Kleiner
Jonghwan Rhee
Frank Bigiel
Abstract： We study the tidal interaction of galaxies in the Eridanus supergroup, using HI data from the pre-pilot survey of WALLABY (Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY). We obtain optical photometric measurements and quantify the strength of tidal perturbation using a tidal parameter $S_{sum}$. For low-mass galaxies of $M_* \lesssim 10^9 M_\odot$, we find a dependence of decreasing HI-to-optical disk size ratio with increasing $S_{sum}$, but no dependence of HI spectral line asymmetry with $S_{sum}$. This is consistent with the behavior expected under tidal stripping. We confirm that the color profile shape and color gradient depend on the stellar mass, but there is additional correlation of low-mass galaxies having their color gradients within $2R_{50}$ increasing with higher $S_{sum}$. For these low-mass galaxies, the dependence of color gradients on $S_{sum}$ is driven by color becoming progressively redder in the inner disk when tidal perturbations are stronger. For high-mass galaxies, there is no dependence of color gradients on $S_{sum}$, and we find a marginal reddening throughout the disks with increasing $S_{sum}$. Our result highlights tidal interaction as an important environmental effect in producing the faint end of the star formation suppressed sequence in galaxy groups.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Hélène M. Courtois
Khaled Said
Jeremy Mould
T. H. Jarrett
Daniel Pomarède
Tobias Westmeier
Lister Staveley-Smith
Alexandra Dupuy
Tao Hong
Daniel Guinet
Cullan Howlett
Nathan Deg
Bi-Qing For
Dane Kleiner
Bärbel Koribalski
Karen Lee-Waddell
Jonghwan Rhee
Kristine Spekkens
Jing Wang
O. I. Wong
Abstract： The WALLABY pilot survey has been conducted using the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP). The integrated 21-cm HI line spectra are formed in a very different manner compared to usual single-dish spectra Tully-Fisher measurements. It is thus extremely important to ensure that slight differences (e.g. biases due to missing flux) are quantified and understood in order to maximise the use of the large amount of data becoming available soon. This article is based on four fields for which the data are scientifically interesting by themselves. The pilot data discussed here consist of 614 galaxy spectra at a rest wavelength of 21cm. Of these spectra, 472 are of high enough quality to be used to potentially derive distances using the Tully-Fisher relation. We further restrict the sample to the 251 galaxies whose inclination is sufficiently close to edge-on. For these, we derive Tully-Fisher distances using the deprojected WALLABY velocity widths combined with infrared (WISE W1) magnitudes. The resulting Tully-Fisher distances for the Eridanus, Hydra, Norma and NGC 4636 clusters are 21.5, 53.5, 69.4 and 23.0 Mpc respectively, with uncertainties of 5--10\%, which are better or equivalent to the ones obtained in studies using data obtained with giant single dish telescopes. The pilot survey data show the benefits of WALLABY over previous giant single-dish telescope surveys. WALLABY is expected to detect around half a million galaxies with a mean redshift of $z = 0.05 (200 Mpc)$. This study suggests that about 200,000 Tully-Fisher distances might result from the survey.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Kana Morokuma-Matsui
Kenji Bekki
Jing Wang
Paolo Serra
Yusei Koyama
Tomoki Morokuma
Fumi Egusa
Bi-Qing For
Kouichiro Nakanishi
Bäbel S. Koribalski
Takashi Okamoto
Tadayuki Kodama
Bumhyun Lee
Filippo M. Maccagni
Rie E. Miura
Daniel Espada
Tsutomu T. Takeuchi
Dong Yang
Minju M. Lee
Masaki Ueda
Abstract： We conduct a $^{12}$C$^{16}$O($J$=1-0) (hereafter CO) mapping survey of 64 galaxies in the Fornax cluster using the ALMA Morita array in cycle 5. CO emission is detected from 23 out of the 64 galaxies. Our sample includes dwarf, spiral and elliptical galaxies with stellar masses of $M_{\rm star}\sim10^{6.3-11.6}$~M$_\odot$. The achieved beam size and sensitivity are $15''\times8''$ and $\sim12$~mJy~beam$^{-1}$ at the velocity resolution of $\sim10$~km~s$^{-1}$, respectively. We study the cold-gas (molecular- and atomic-gas) properties of 38 subsamples with $M_{\rm star}>10^9$~M$_\odot$ combined with literature HI data. We find that: (1) the low star-formation (SF) activity in the Fornax galaxies is caused by the decrease in the cold-gas mass fraction with respect to stellar mass (hereafter, gas fraction) rather than the decrease of the SF efficiency from the cold gas; (2) the atomic-gas fraction is more heavily reduced than the molecular-gas fraction of such galaxies with low SF activity. A comparison between the cold-gas properties of the Fornax galaxies and their environmental properties suggests that the atomic gas is stripped tidally and by the ram pressure, which leads to the molecular gas depletion with an aid of the strangulation and consequently SF quenching. Pre-processes in the group environment would also play a role in reducing cold-gas reservoirs in some Fornax galaxies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Jing Wang
Lister Staveley-Smith
Tobias Westmeier
Barbara Catinella
Li Shao
T. N. Reynolds
Bi-Qing For
Bumhyun Lee
Ze-zhong Liang
Shun Wang
A. Elagali
H. Denes
D. Kleiner
Baerbel S. Koribalski
K. Lee-Waddell
S-H. Oh
J. Rhee
P. Serra
K. Spekkens
O. I. Wong
Abstract： This study uses HI image data from the WALLABY pilot survey with the ASKAP telescope, covering the Hydra cluster out to 2.5$r_{200}$. We present the projected phase-space distribution of HI-detected galaxies in Hydra, and identify that nearly two thirds of the galaxies within $1.25r_{200}$ may be in the early stages of ram pressure stripping. More than half of these may be only weakly stripped, with the ratio of strippable HI (i.e., where the galactic restoring force is lower than the ram pressure in the disk) mass fraction (over total HI mass) distributed uniformly below 90%. Consequently, the HI mass is expected to decrease by only a few 0.1 dex after the currently strippable portion of HI in these systems has been stripped. A more detailed look at the subset of galaxies that are spatially resolved by WALLABY observations shows that, while it typically takes less than 200 Myr for ram pressure stripping to remove the currently strippable portion of HI, it may take more than 600 Myr to significantly change the total HI mass. Our results provide new clues to understanding the different rates of HI depletion and star formation quenching in cluster galaxies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Benne W. Holwerda
Frank Bigiel
Albert Bosma
Helene M. Courtois
Nathan Deg
Helga Dénes
Ahmed Elagali
Bi-Qing For
Baerbel Koribalski
Denis A. Leahy
Karen Lee-Waddell
Ángel R. López-Sánchez
Se-Heon Oh
Tristan N. Reynolds
Jonghwan Rhee
Kristine Spekkens
Jing Wang
Tobias Westmeier
O. Ivy Wong
Abstract： Galaxy morphology in atomic hydrogen (HI) and in the ultra-violet (UV) are closely linked. This has motivated their combined use to quantify morphology over the full H i disk for both H i and UV imaging. We apply galaxy morphometrics: Concentration, Asymmetry, Gini, M20 and Multimode-Intensity-Deviation statistics to the first moment-0 maps of the WALLABY survey of galaxies in the Hydra cluster center. Taking advantage of this new HI survey, we apply the same morphometrics over the full HI extent on archival GALEX FUV and NUV data to explore how well HI truncated, extended ultraviolet disk (XUV) and other morphological phenomena can be captured using pipeline WALLABY data products. Extended HI and UV disks can be identified relatively straightforward from their respective concentration. Combined with WALLABY HI, even the shallowest GALEX data is sufficient to identify XUV disks. Our second goal is to isolate galaxies undergoing ram-pressure stripping in the H i morphometric space. We employ four different machine learning techniques, a decision tree, a k-nearest neighbour, a support-vector machine, and a random forest. Up to 80% precision and recall are possible with the Random Forest giving the most robust results.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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