分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Dibyendu Nandy
Dipankar Banerjee
Prantika Bhowmik
Allan Sacha Brun
Robert H. Cameron
S. E. Gibson
Shravan Hanasoge
Louise Harra
Donald M. Hassler
Rekha Jain
Jie Jiang
Laurène Jouve
Duncan H. Mackay
Sushant S. Mahajan
Cristina H. Mandrini
Mathew Owens
Shaonwita Pal
Rui F. Pinto
Chitradeep Saha
Xudong Sun
摘要： Despite investments in multiple space and ground-based solar observatories by the global community, the Sun's polar regions remain unchartered territory - the last great frontier for solar observations. Breaching this frontier is fundamental to understanding the solar cycle - the ultimate driver of short-to-long term solar activity that encompasses space weather and space climate. Magnetohydrodynamic dynamo models and empirically observed relationships have established that the polar field is the primary determinant of the future solar cycle amplitude. Models of solar surface evolution of tilted active regions indicate that the mid to high latitude surges of magnetic flux govern dynamics leading to the reversal and build-up of polar fields. Our theoretical understanding and numerical models of this high latitude magnetic field dynamics and plasma flows - that are a critical component of the sunspot cycle - lack precise observational constraints. This limitation compromises our ability to observe the enigmatic kilo Gauss polar flux patches and constrain the polar field distribution at high latitudes. The lack of these observations handicap our understanding of how high latitude magnetic fields power polar jets, plumes, and the fast solar wind that extend to the boundaries of the heliosphere and modulate solar open flux and cosmic ray flux within the solar system. Accurate observation of the Sun's polar regions, therefore, is the single most outstanding challenge that confronts Heliophysics. This paper argues the scientific case for novel out of ecliptic observations of the Sun's polar regions, in conjunction with existing, or future multi-vantage point heliospheric observatories. Such a mission concept can revolutionize the field of Heliophysics like no other mission concept has - with relevance that transcends spatial regimes from the solar interior to the heliosphere.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Donald M. Hassler
Sarah E Gibson
Jeffrey S Newmark
Nicholas A. Featherstone
Lisa Upton
Nicholeen M Viall
J Todd Hoeksema
Frederic Auchere
Aaron Birch
Doug Braun
Paul Charbonneau
Robin Colannino
Craig DeForest
Mausumi Dikpati
Cooper Downs
Nicole Duncan
Heather Alison Elliott
Yuhong Fan
Silvano Fineschi
Laurent Gizon
摘要： Solaris is a transformative Solar Polar Discovery-class mission concept to address crucial outstanding questions that can only be answered from a polar vantage. Solaris will image the Sun's poles from ~75 degree latitude, providing new insight into the workings of the solar dynamo and the solar cycle, which are at the foundation of our understanding of space weather and space climate. Solaris will also provide enabling observations for improved space weather research, modeling and prediction, revealing a unique, new view of the corona, coronal dynamics and CME eruptions from above.
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