分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The Copernican principle, the notion that we are not at a special location in the Universe, is one of the cornerstones of modern cosmology and its violation would invalidate the Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, causing a major change in our understanding of the Universe. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to perform observational tests of this principle. We determine the precision with which future surveys will be able to test the Copernican principle and their ability to detect any possible violations. We forecast constraints on the inhomogeneous Lema\^{\i}tre-Tolman-Bondi model with a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ ($\Lambda$LTB), basically a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model, but endowed with a spherical inhomogeneity. We consider combinations of currently available data and simulated Euclid data, together with external data products, based on both $\Lambda$CDM and $\Lambda$LTB fiducial models. These constraints are compared to the expectations from the Copernican principle. When considering the $\Lambda$CDM fiducial model, we find that Euclid data, in combination with other current and forthcoming surveys, will improve the constraints on the Copernican principle by about $30\%$, with $\pm10\%$ variations depending on the observables and scales considered. On the other hand, when considering a $\Lambda$LTB fiducial model, we find that future Euclid data, combined with other current and forthcoming data sets, will be able to detect Gpc-scale inhomogeneities of contrast $-0.1$. Next-generation surveys, such as Euclid, will thoroughly test homogeneity at large scales, tightening the constraints on possible violations of the Copernican principle.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We cross-correlate positions of galaxies measured in data from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey with Compton-$y$-maps generated using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the {\it Planck} mission. We model this cross-correlation measurement together with the galaxy auto-correlation to constrain the distribution of gas in the Universe. We measure the hydrostatic mass bias or, equivalently, the mean halo bias-weighted electron pressure $\langle b_{h}P_{e}\rangle$, using large-scale information. We find $\langle b_{h}P_{e}\rangle$ to be $[0.16^{+0.03}_{-0.04},0.28^{+0.04}_{-0.05},0.45^{+0.06}_{-0.10},0.54^{+0.08}_{-0.07},0.61^{+0.08}_{-0.06},0.63^{+0.07}_{-0.08}]$ meV cm$^{-3}$ at redshifts $z \sim [0.30, 0.46, 0.62,0.77, 0.89, 0.97]$. These values are consistent with previous work where measurements exist in the redshift range. We also constrain the mean gas profile using small-scale information, enabled by the high-resolution of the SPT data. We compare our measurements to different parametrized profiles based on the cosmo-OWLS hydrodynamical simulations. We find that our data are consistent with the simulation that assumes an AGN heating temperature of $10^{8.5}$K but are incompatible with the model that assumes an AGN heating temperature of $10^{8.0}$K. These comparisons indicate that the data prefer a higher value of electron pressure than the simulations within $r_{500c}$ of the galaxies' halos.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We present in this paper one of the largest galaxy morphological classification catalogues to date, including over 20 million of galaxies, using the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Monochromatic $i$-band DES images with linear, logarithmic, and gradient scales, matched with debiased visual classifications from the Galaxy Zoo 1 (GZ1) catalogue, are used to train our CNN models. With a training set including bright galaxies ($16\le{i}<18$) at low redshift ($z<0.25$), we furthermore investigate the limit of the accuracy of our predictions applied to galaxies at fainter magnitude and at higher redshifts. Our final catalogue covers magnitudes $16\le{i}<21$, and redshifts $z<1.0$, and provides predicted probabilities to two galaxy types -- Ellipticals and Spirals (disk galaxies). Our CNN classifications reveal an accuracy of over 99\% for bright galaxies when comparing with the GZ1 classifications ($i<18$). For fainter galaxies, the visual classification carried out by three of the co-authors shows that the CNN classifier correctly categorises disky galaxies with rounder and blurred features, which humans often incorrectly visually classify as Ellipticals. As a part of the validation, we carry out one of the largest examination of non-parametric methods, including $\sim$100,000 galaxies with the same coverage of magnitude and redshift as the training set from our catalogue. We find that the Gini coefficient is the best single parameter discriminator between Ellipticals and Spirals for this data set.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The measurement of the absolute neutrino mass scale from cosmological large-scale clustering data is one of the key science goals of the Euclid mission. Such a measurement relies on precise modelling of the impact of neutrinos on structure formation, which can be studied with $N$-body simulations. Here we present the results from a major code comparison effort to establish the maturity and reliability of numerical methods for treating massive neutrinos. The comparison includes eleven full $N$-body implementations (not all of them independent), two $N$-body schemes with approximate time integration, and four additional codes that directly predict or emulate the matter power spectrum. Using a common set of initial data we quantify the relative agreement on the nonlinear power spectrum of cold dark matter and baryons and, for the $N$-body codes, also the relative agreement on the bispectrum, halo mass function, and halo bias. We find that the different numerical implementations produce fully consistent results. We can therefore be confident that we can model the impact of massive neutrinos at the sub-percent level in the most common summary statistics. We also provide a code validation pipeline for future reference.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The Euclid mission $-$ with its spectroscopic galaxy survey covering a sky
area over $15\,000 \ \mathrm{deg}^2$ in the redshift range $0.9
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The Euclid space telescope will survey a large dataset of cosmic voids traced by dense samples of galaxies. In this work we estimate its expected performance when exploiting angular photometric void clustering, galaxy weak lensing and their cross-correlation. To this aim, we implement a Fisher matrix approach tailored for voids from the Euclid photometric dataset and present the first forecasts on cosmological parameters that include the void-lensing correlation. We examine two different probe settings, pessimistic and optimistic, both for void clustering and galaxy lensing. We carry out forecast analyses in four model cosmologies, accounting for a varying total neutrino mass, $M_\nu$, and a dynamical dark energy (DE) equation of state, $w(z)$, described by the CPL parametrisation. We find that void clustering constraints on $h$ and $\Omega_b$ are competitive with galaxy lensing alone, while errors on $n_s$ decrease thanks to the orthogonality of the two probes in the 2D-projected parameter space. We also note that, as a whole, the inclusion of the void-lensing cross-correlation signal improves parameter constraints by $10-15\%$, and enhances the joint void clustering and galaxy lensing Figure of Merit (FoM) by $10\%$ and $25\%$, in the pessimistic and optimistic scenarios, respectively. Finally, when further combining with the spectroscopic galaxy clustering, assumed as an independent probe, we find that, in the most competitive case, the FoM increases by a factor of 4 with respect to the combination of weak lensing and spectroscopic galaxy clustering taken as independent probes. The forecasts presented in this work show that photometric void-clustering and its cross-correlation with galaxy lensing deserve to be exploited in the data analysis of the Euclid galaxy survey and promise to improve its constraining power, especially on $h$, $\Omega_b$, the neutrino mass, and the DE evolution.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Current and future imaging surveys require photometric redshifts (photo-zs) to be estimated for millions of galaxies. Improving the photo-z quality is a major challenge but is needed to advance our understanding of cosmology. In this paper we explore how the synergies between narrow-band photometric data and large imaging surveys can be exploited to improve broadband photometric redshifts. We used a multi-task learning (MTL) network to improve broadband photo-z estimates by simultaneously predicting the broadband photo-z and the narrow-band photometry from the broadband photometry. The narrow-band photometry is only required in the training field, which also enables better photo-z predictions for the galaxies without narrow-band photometry in the wide field. This technique was tested with data from the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS) in the COSMOS field. We find that the method predicts photo-zs that are 13% more precise down to magnitude i_{AB} 1. Applying this technique to deeper samples is crucial for future surveys such as \Euclid or LSST. For simulated data, training on a sample with i_{AB} <23, the method reduces the photo-z scatter by 16% for all galaxies with i_{AB}<25. We also studied the effects of extending the training sample with photometric galaxies using PAUS high-precision photo-zs, which reduces the photo-z scatter by 20% in the COSMOS field.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Cosmological constraints from key probes of the Euclid imaging survey rely critically on the accurate determination of the true redshift distributions, $n(z)$, of tomographic redshift bins. We determine whether the mean redshift, $$, of ten Euclid tomographic redshift bins can be calibrated to the Euclid target uncertainties of $\sigma()$ is measured in each tomographic redshift bin to an accuracy of order 0.01 or better. By measuring the clustering redshifts on subsets of the full Flagship area, we construct scaling relations that allow us to extrapolate the method performance to larger sky areas than are currently available in the mock. For the full expected Euclid, BOSS, and DESI overlap region of approximately 6000 deg$^{2}$, the uncertainties attainable by clustering redshifts exceeds the Euclid requirement by at least a factor of three for both $n(z)$ models considered, although systematic biases limit the accuracy. Clustering redshifts are an extremely effective method for redshift calibration for Euclid if the sources of systematic biases can be determined and removed, or calibrated-out with sufficiently realistic simulations. We outline possible future work, in particular an extension to higher redshifts with quasar reference samples.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We investigate the cosmological constraints that can be expected from measurement of the cross-correlation of galaxies with cosmic voids identified in the Euclid spectroscopic survey, which will include spectroscopic information for tens of millions of galaxies over $15\,000$ deg$^2$ of the sky in the redshift range $0.9\leq z<1.8$. We do this using simulated measurements obtained from the Flagship mock catalogue, the official Euclid mock that closely matches the expected properties of the spectroscopic data set. To mitigate anisotropic selection-bias effects, we use a velocity field reconstruction method to remove large-scale redshift-space distortions from the galaxy field before void-finding. This allows us to accurately model contributions to the observed anisotropy of the cross-correlation function arising from galaxy velocities around voids as well as from the Alcock-Paczynski effect, and we study the dependence of constraints on the efficiency of reconstruction. We find that Euclid voids will be able to constrain the ratio of the transverse comoving distance $D_{\rm M}$ and Hubble distance $D_{\rm H}$ to a relative precision of about $0.3\%$, and the growth rate $f\sigma_8$ to a precision of between $5\%$ and $8\%$ in each of four redshift bins covering the full redshift range. In the standard cosmological model, this translates to a statistical uncertainty $\Delta\Omega_\mathrm{m}=\pm0.0028$ on the matter density parameter from voids, better than can be achieved from either Euclid galaxy clustering and weak lensing individually. We also find that voids alone can measure the dark energy equation of state to $6\%$ precision.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Two of the most sensitive probes of the large scale structure of the universe are the clustering of galaxies and the tangential shear of background galaxy shapes produced by those foreground galaxies, so-called galaxy-galaxy lensing. Combining the measurements of these two two-point functions leads to cosmological constraints that are independent of the galaxy bias factor. The optimal choice of foreground, or lens, galaxies is governed by the joint, but conflicting requirements to obtain accurate redshift information and large statistics. We present cosmological results from the full 5000 sq. deg. of the Dark Energy Survey first three years of observations (Y3) combining those two-point functions, using for the first time a magnitude-limited lens sample (MagLim) of 11 million galaxies especially selected to optimize such combination, and 100 million background shapes. We consider two cosmological models, flat $\Lambda$CDM and $w$CDM. In $\Lambda$CDM we obtain for the matter density $\Omega_m = 0.320^{+0.041}_{-0.034}$ and for the clustering amplitude $S_8 = 0.778^{+0.037}_{-0.031}$, at 68% C.L. The latter is only 1$\sigma$ smaller than the prediction in this model informed by measurements of the cosmic microwave background by the Planck satellite. In $w$CDM we find $\Omega_m = 0.32^{+0.044}_{-0.046}$, $S_8=0.777^{+0.049}_{-0.051}$, and dark energy equation of state $w=-1.031^{+0.218}_{-0.379}$. We find that including smaller scales while marginalizing over non-linear galaxy bias improves the constraining power in the $\Omega_m-S_8$ plane by $31$% and in the $\Omega_m-w$ plane by $41$% while yielding consistent cosmological parameters from those in the linear bias case. These results are combined with those from cosmic shear in a companion paper to present full DES-Y3 constraints from the three two-point functions (3x2pt).
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: This work, together with its companion paper, Secco and Samuroff et al. (2021), presents the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 cosmic shear measurements and cosmological constraints based on an analysis of over 100 million source galaxies. With the data spanning 4143 deg$^2$ on the sky, divided into four redshift bins, we produce the highest significance measurement of cosmic shear to date, with a signal-to-noise of 40. We conduct a blind analysis in the context of the $\Lambda$CDM model and find a 3% constraint of the clustering amplitude, $S_8\equiv \sigma_8 (\Omega_{\rm m}/0.3)^{0.5} = 0.759^{+0.025}_{-0.023}$. A $\Lambda$CDM-Optimized analysis, which safely includes smaller scale information, yields a 2% precision measurement of $S_8= 0.772^{+0.018}_{-0.017}$ that is consistent with the fiducial case. The two low-redshift measurements are statistically consistent with the Planck Cosmic Microwave Background result, however, both recovered $S_8$ values are lower than the high-redshift prediction by $2.3\sigma$ and $2.1\sigma$ ($p$-values of 0.02 and 0.05), respectively. The measurements are shown to be internally consistent across redshift bins, angular scales and correlation functions. The analysis is demonstrated to be robust to calibration systematics, with the $S_8$ posterior consistent when varying the choice of redshift calibration sample, the modeling of redshift uncertainty and methodology. Similarly, we find that the corrections included to account for the blending of galaxies shifts our best-fit $S_8$ by $0.5\sigma$ without incurring a substantial increase in uncertainty. We examine the limiting factors for the precision of the cosmological constraints and find observational systematics to be subdominant to the modeling of astrophysics. Specifically, we identify the uncertainties in modeling baryonic effects and intrinsic alignments as the limiting systematics.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: This work considers which higher-order effects in modelling the cosmic shear angular power spectra must be taken into account for Euclid. We identify which terms are of concern, and quantify their individual and cumulative impact on cosmological parameter inference from Euclid. We compute the values of these higher-order effects using analytic expressions, and calculate the impact on cosmological parameter estimation using the Fisher matrix formalism. We review 24 effects and find the following potentially need to be accounted for: the reduced shear approximation, magnification bias, source-lens clustering, source obscuration, local Universe effects, and the flat Universe assumption. Upon computing these explicitly, and calculating their cosmological parameter biases, using a maximum multipole of $\ell=5000$, we find that the magnification bias, source-lens clustering, source obscuration, and local Universe terms individually produce significant ($\,>0.25\sigma$) cosmological biases in one or more parameters, and accordingly must be accounted for. In total, over all effects, we find biases in $\Omega_{\rm m}$, $\Omega_{\rm b}$, $h$, and $\sigma_{8}$ of $0.73\sigma$, $0.28\sigma$, $0.25\sigma$, and $-0.79\sigma$, respectively, for flat $\Lambda$CDM. For the $w_0w_a$CDM case, we find biases in $\Omega_{\rm m}$, $\Omega_{\rm b}$, $h$, $n_{\rm s}$, $\sigma_{8}$, and $w_a$ of $1.49\sigma$, $0.35\sigma$, $-1.36\sigma$, $1.31\sigma$, $-0.84\sigma$, and $-0.35\sigma$, respectively; which are increased relative to the $\Lambda$CDM due to additional degeneracies as a function of redshift and scale.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Recent cosmic shear studies have shown that higher-order statistics (HOS) developed by independent teams now outperform standard two-point estimators in terms of statistical precision thanks to their sensitivity to the non-Gaussian features of large-scale structure. The aim of the Higher-Order Weak Lensing Statistics (HOWLS) project is to assess, compare, and combine the constraining power of $10$ different HOS on a common set of $Euclid$-like mocks, derived from N-body simulations. In this first paper of the HOWLS series we compute the non-tomographic ($\Omega_{\rm m}$, $\sigma_8$) Fisher information for one-point probability distribution function, peak counts, Minkowski functionals, Betti numbers, persistent homology Betti numbers and heatmap, and scattering transform coefficients, and compare them to the shear and convergence two-point correlation functions in the absence of any systematic bias. We also include forecasts for three implementations of higher-order moments, but these cannot be robustly interpreted as the Gaussian likelihood assumption breaks down for these statistics. Taken individually, we find that each HOS outperforms the two-point statistics by a factor of around $2$ in the precision of the forecasts with some variations across statistics and cosmological parameters. When combining all the HOS, this increases to a $4.5$ times improvement, highlighting the immense potential of HOS for cosmic shear cosmological analyses with $Euclid$. The data used in this analysis are publicly released with the paper.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Hot, ionized gas leaves an imprint on the cosmic microwave background via the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. The cross-correlation of gravitational lensing (which traces the projected mass) with the tSZ effect (which traces the projected gas pressure) is a powerful probe of the thermal state of ionized baryons throughout the Universe, and is sensitive to effects such as baryonic feedback. In a companion paper (Gatti et al. 2021), we present tomographic measurements and validation tests of the cross-correlation between galaxy shear measurements from the first three years of observations of the Dark Energy Survey, and tSZ measurements from a combination of Atacama Cosmology Telescope and ${\it Planck}$ observations. In this work, we use the same measurements to constrain models for the pressure profiles of halos across a wide range of halo mass and redshift. We find evidence for reduced pressure in low mass halos, consistent with predictions for the effects of feedback from active galactic nuclei. We infer the hydrostatic mass bias ($B \equiv M_{500c}/M_{\rm SZ}$) from our measurements, finding $B = 1.8\pm0.1$ when adopting the ${\it Planck}$-preferred cosmological parameters. We additionally find that our measurements are consistent with a non-zero redshift evolution of $B$, with the correct sign and sufficient magnitude to explain the mass bias necessary to reconcile cluster count measurements with the ${\it Planck}$-preferred cosmology. Our analysis introduces a model for the impact of intrinsic alignments (IA) of galaxy shapes on the shear-tSZ correlation. We show that IA can have a significant impact on these correlations at current noise levels.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We constrain extensions to the $\Lambda$CDM model using measurements from the Dark Energy Survey's first three years of observations and external data. The DES data are the two-point correlation functions of weak gravitational lensing, galaxy clustering, and their cross-correlation. We use simulated data and blind analyses of real data to validate the robustness of our results. In many cases, constraining power is limited by the absence of nonlinear predictions that are reliable at our required precision. The models are: dark energy with a time-dependent equation of state, non-zero spatial curvature, sterile neutrinos, modifications of gravitational physics, and a binned $\sigma_8(z)$ model which serves as a probe of structure growth. For the time-varying dark energy equation of state evaluated at the pivot redshift we find $(w_{\rm p}, w_a)= (-0.99^{+0.28}_{-0.17},-0.9\pm 1.2)$ at 68% confidence with $z_{\rm p}=0.24$ from the DES measurements alone, and $(w_{\rm p}, w_a)= (-1.03^{+0.04}_{-0.03},-0.4^{+0.4}_{-0.3})$ with $z_{\rm p}=0.21$ for the combination of all data considered. Curvature constraints of $\Omega_k=0.0009\pm 0.0017$ and effective relativistic species $N_{\rm eff}=3.10^{+0.15}_{-0.16}$ are dominated by external data. For massive sterile neutrinos, we improve the upper bound on the mass $m_{\rm eff}$ by a factor of three compared to previous analyses, giving 95% limits of $(\Delta N_{\rm eff},m_{\rm eff})\leq (0.28, 0.20\, {\rm eV})$. We also constrain changes to the lensing and Poisson equations controlled by functions $\Sigma(k,z) = \Sigma_0 \Omega_{\Lambda}(z)/\Omega_{\Lambda,0}$ and $\mu(k,z)=\mu_0 \Omega_{\Lambda}(z)/\Omega_{\Lambda,0}$ respectively to $\Sigma_0=0.6^{+0.4}_{-0.5}$ from DES alone and $(\Sigma_0,\mu_0)=(0.04\pm 0.05,0.08^{+0.21}_{-0.19})$ for the combination of all data. Overall, we find no significant evidence for physics beyond $\Lambda$CDM.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We constrain cosmological and galaxy-bias parameters using the combination of galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements from the Dark Energy Survey Year-3 data. We describe our modeling framework, and choice of scales analyzed, validating their robustness to theoretical uncertainties in small-scale clustering by analyzing simulated data. Using a linear galaxy bias model and redMaGiC galaxy sample, we obtain constraints on the matter density to be $\Omega_{\rm m} = 0.325^{+0.033}_{-0.034}$. We also implement a non-linear galaxy bias model to probe smaller scales that includes parameterization based on hybrid perturbation theory and find that it leads to a 17% gain in cosmological constraining power. We perform robustness tests of our methodology pipeline and demonstrate the stability of the constraints to changes in the theoretical model. Using the redMaGiC galaxy sample as foreground lens galaxies, we find the galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements to exhibit significant signals akin to de-correlation between galaxies and mass on large scales, which is not expected in any current models. This likely systematic measurement error biases our constraints on galaxy bias and the $S_8$ parameter. We find that a scale-, redshift- and sky-area-independent phenomenological de-correlation parameter can effectively capture the impact of this systematic error. We trace the source of this de-correlation to a color-dependent photometric issue and minimize its impact on our result by changing the selection criteria of redMaGiC galaxies. Using this new sample, our constraints on the $S_8$ parameter are consistent with previous studies, and we find a small shift in the $\Omega_{\rm m}$ constraints compared to the fiducial redMaGiC sample. We constrain the mean host halo mass of the redMaGiC galaxies in this new sample to be approximately $1.6 \times 10^{13} M_{\odot}/h$.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We perform a cosmic shear analysis in harmonic space using the first year of data collected by the Dark Energy Survey (DES-Y1). We measure the cosmic weak lensing shear power spectra using the Metacalibration catalogue and perform a likelihood analysis within the framework of CosmoSIS. We set scale cuts based on baryonic effects contamination and model redshift and shear calibration uncertainties as well as intrinsic alignments. We adopt as fiducial covariance matrix an analytical computation accounting for the mask geometry in the Gaussian term, including non-Gaussian contributions. A suite of 1200 lognormal simulations is used to validate the harmonic space pipeline and the covariance matrix. We perform a series of stress tests to gauge the robustness of the harmonic space analysis. Finally, we use the DES-Y1 pipeline in configuration space to perform a similar likelihood analysis and compare both results, demonstrating their compatibility in estimating the cosmological parameters $S_8$, $\sigma_8$ and $\Omega_m$. The methods implemented and validated in this paper will allow us to perform a consistent harmonic space analysis in the upcoming DES data.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Recent cosmological analyses with large-scale structure and weak lensing measurements, usually referred to as 3$\times$2pt, had to discard a lot of signal-to-noise from small scales due to our inability to precisely model non-linearities and baryonic effects. Galaxy-galaxy lensing, or the position-shear correlation between lens and source galaxies, is one of the three two-point correlation functions that are included in such analyses, usually estimated with the mean tangential shear. However, tangential shear measurements at a given angular scale $\theta$ or physical scale $R$ carry information from all scales below that, forcing the scale cuts applied in real data to be significantly larger than the scale at which theoretical uncertainties become problematic. Recently there have been a few independent efforts that aim to mitigate the non-locality of the galaxy-galaxy lensing signal. Here we perform a comparison of the different methods, including the Y transformation described in Park et al. (2021), the point-mass marginalization methodology presented in MacCrann et al. (2020) and the Annular Differential Surface Density statistic described in Baldauf et al. (2010). We do the comparison at the cosmological constraints level in a noiseless simulated combined galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing analysis. We find that all the estimators perform equivalently using a Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Year 1 like setup. This is because all the estimators project out the mode responsible for the non-local nature of the galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements, which we have identified as $1/R^2$. We finally apply all the estimators to DES Y3 data and confirm that they all give consistent results.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The photometric catalogue of galaxy clusters extracted from ESA Euclid data is expected to be very competitive for cosmological studies. Using state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations, we present systematic analyses simulating the expected weak lensing profiles from clusters in a variety of dynamic states and at wide range of redshifts. In order to derive cluster masses, we use a model consistent with the implementation within the Euclid Consortium of the dedicated processing function and find that, when jointly modelling mass and the concentration parameter of the Navarro-Frenk-White halo profile, the weak lensing masses tend to be, on average, biased low with respect to the true mass. Using a fixed value for the concentration, the mass bias is diminished along with its relative uncertainty. Simulating the weak lensing signal by projecting along the directions of the axes of the moment of inertia tensor ellipsoid, we find that orientation matters: when clusters are oriented along the major axis the lensing signal is boosted, and the recovered weak lensing mass is correspondingly overestimated. Typically, the weak lensing mass bias of individual clusters is modulated by the weak lensing signal-to-noise ratio, and the negative mass bias tends to be larger toward higher redshifts. However, when we use a fixed value of the concentration parameter the redshift evolution trend is reduced. These results provide a solid basis for the weak-lensing mass calibration required by the cosmological application of future cluster surveys from Euclid and Rubin.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The fiducial cosmological analyses of imaging galaxy surveys like the Dark Energy Survey (DES) typically probe the Universe at redshifts $z < 1$. This is mainly because of the limited depth of these surveys, and also because such analyses rely heavily on galaxy lensing, which is more efficient at low redshifts. In this work we present the selection and characterization of high-redshift galaxy samples using DES Year 3 data, and the analysis of their galaxy clustering measurements. In particular, we use galaxies that are fainter than those used in the previous DES Year 3 analyses and a Bayesian redshift scheme to define three tomographic bins with mean redshifts around $z \sim 0.9$, $1.2$ and $1.5$, which significantly extend the redshift coverage of the fiducial DES Year 3 analysis. These samples contain a total of about 9 million galaxies, and their galaxy density is more than 2 times higher than those in the DES Year 3 fiducial case. We characterize the redshift uncertainties of the samples, including the usage of various spectroscopic and high-quality redshift samples, and we develop a machine-learning method to correct for correlations between galaxy density and survey observing conditions. The analysis of galaxy clustering measurements, with a total signal-to-noise $S/N \sim 70$ after scale cuts, yields robust cosmological constraints on a combination of the fraction of matter in the Universe $\Omega_m$ and the Hubble parameter $h$, $\Omega_m h = 0.195^{+0.023}_{-0.018}$, and 2-3% measurements of the amplitude of the galaxy clustering signals, probing galaxy bias and the amplitude of matter fluctuations, $b \sigma_8$. A companion paper $\textit{(in preparation)}$ will present the cross-correlations of these high-$z$ samples with CMB lensing from Planck and SPT, and the cosmological analysis of those measurements in combination with the galaxy clustering presented in this work.