Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Major research infrastructures (referred to as “major infrastructures”) are the key to innovation in the era of big science, and is an important symbol of a country’s scientific and technological innovation capability and comprehensive national power. In order to seize the commanding point of scientific and technological innovation, the major developed countries have been actively developing and optimizing the layout of major infrastructures, while vigorously promoting the opening and sharing of major infrastructures to achieve the efficient allocation and utilization of scientific and technological resources, transforming their advantages in scientific and technological infrastructures into advantages in innovation and development. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) currently manages 28 major infrastructures that are open to global research users. This study analyzes the current open sharing situation of major infrastructures of the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), and analyzes in-depth the demand, effectiveness, and difficulties of China’s use of major infrastructures of DOE from 2015 to 2022, to provide reference for the open sharing and layout construction of major infrastructure in China.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper aims to extract the tacit knowledge from the massive literatures by constructing a two-mode complex network model. [Method/process] Through the NetworkX complex network toolkit, a two-mode complex network model was constructed based on the co-occurrence relationship of any two nodes. The direct relationship between nodes and nodes was extracted by weighting the co-occurrence relationship of nodes in the network model, calculating the topology information of the network and AP clustering. The most appropriate prediction algorithm was selected by using AUC method to evaluate the four link prediction algorithms, such as AA, JC, wAA and wJC. The tacit knowledge was predicted by the most appropriate prediction algorithm from the complex networks. [Result/conclusion] The results showed that the wAA link prediction algorithm was the optimal link prediction algorithm. The two mode complex network model, indicators and method system were effective in drug target mining in the Chemical Abstracts Service database. The next step is to try in other databases or other research fields to further verify the generality and effectiveness of the model.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper intends to construct a technology transfer characteristics indicator system to provide information supporting for patent technology transfer, help to identify patents with potential application in advance, and promote the transfer of scientific and technological achievements. [Method/process] This paper based on patent transfer behavior which has already happened. First, we defined the transferred and not transferred datasets, and analyzed the differences between two datasets. Then we constructed the technological transfer characteristic indicator system based on the patent documents at 4 perspectives of technology, law, market and subject. Finally, we conducted statistical tests and empirical model tests. [Result/conclusion] The basic characteristic indicators based on the patent documents can predict technology transfer, and the impact degree of each indicator is relatively balanced and there is no dominant indicator. The predictive effect of the indicator system was tested by the SVM model, which showed that it could be applied to national level, organization level and patent level analysis.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Mastering the patent layout situation and judging the current risks are of great significance for strategically carrying out patent layout and avoiding R & D risks, and seizing the competitive advantage of technological innovation and industrial upgrading.[Method/process] Based on ‘technology-effect’ matrix, the comprehensive index expression of the identification of patent layout situation and risk was established. Through comprehensive judgment and multiple case verification, the model of patent layout situation and risk identification model was formed including the identification rule and analysis process. Based on the ‘technology-effect’ matrix, the patent layout situation icon visualization and risk level visualization were combined to directly show the patent layout situation and risk.[Result/conclusion] From the technological meso level, risk judging method of patent layout situation based on ‘technology-effect’ matrix was established, which can clearly detect the patent advantage zone, patent opportunity zone, patent barrier zone and patent blank zone. And the coping strategies were also discussed. The method can be carried out at multiple levels including countries, regions, industries, institutions, project teams, R & D teams, and individuals, which can support the monitoring of patent layout situation and risk throughout the whole technology life cycle.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper constructs a new method to identify the generic technology of the industry. It provides scientific decision-making basis for science and technology management, scientific research and enterprise R & D. [Method/process] Through concept discrimination and feature judgment, the most important characteristics of generic technology were determined to be fundamentality and universality. The centrality index and structure hole index were used to measure the fundamentality of technology. The count of technology covering industries/ inter industry technology fields/intra industry technology fields were used to measure the universality of technology. Entropy weight method was used to give weight to each index, combined with four quadrant analysis method to identify industry generic technology. [Result/conclusion] Taking the integrated circuit industry as an empirical study example, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are preliminarily verified by literature research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Major achievements of space science and technology are important symbols of a country’s scientific and technological level and ability. The basic consensus of the aerospace community is that China’s space technology has been well-developed, space applications need to be strengthened, and space science is relatively the less-developed. Thus, it is extremely urgent for China to build a strong country in space science and tackle the “bottleneck”. Here we elaborate the internal logic among the strength of S&T, aerospace, and space science, expound the connotation of space science strength, investigate the index system, and suggest the three-tier system scientifically for the first time. On this basis, this study analyzes China’s world position, finds the main gap, and puts forward several suggestions for its future development. Although this outcome indicates that China is in the third place in global space science, it should not be over interpreted. On the contrary, the core aim lies in that we should accelerate the development of space science with 15% growth of the national space science investment in the limited time window period of the next 15~30 years, and build up the leading space science and accomplish major original breakthroughs, the primary sign of China as an aerospace strength and S&T strength in the middle of 21st century.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The scientific governance is the most important to S&T because of its dual nature for societies. The concept and method of governance has been adapted to strengthen the management of the S&T systematically, which is the scientific choice of national economic and social development. As the one of the significant breakthroughs to innovation, disruptive technology is the strategic opportunity to build China into a world science and technology power. With the potential, dramatic, and systematic impact, disruptive technology could reshape the rules and structures. For disruptive technological innovation, it is urgent to introduce the forward-looking governance notion to master its great impact in advance, and promote its development and application actively and scientifically. In order to promote the disruptive technology development and predict and reduce its risks, this study constructs a forward-looking governance system of disruptive technology innovation, discusses the basic characteristics of the system, establishes the core research framework, and provides the suggestions on the main governance process.
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-05-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：专利是技术的有效载体，通过专利态势分析可以在一定程度上有效掌握技术发展脉络及发展趋势。基于专利信息，采用定量数据、定性调研与专家智慧有机结合的方法，从申请趋势、保护市场、领域分布、重要专利权人等多维度分析视角进行农业生物技术领域专利技术态势分析。通过专利态势分析掌握全球农业生物技术专利保护概貌，指出重点方向。在此基础上结合中国农业生物技术领域专利法律状态和专利转让许可状况探讨中国农业生物技术专利保护现状及存在问题，以期支撑中国农业生物技术领域的创新决策。
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