CMOS direct conversion X-ray detector coupled with fluorinated liquid

分类： 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间： 2024-06-25

Shi-Hua Liu Chao-Song Gao Xin Zhang Xiang-Ming Sun Meng Wu Zhi-Hui Han Tong Wan Yongshuai Ge

摘要： X-ray detectors show potential applications in medical imaging, materials science, and nuclear energy. To achieve high detection efficiency and spatial resolution, many conventional semiconductor materials, such as amorphous selenium, cadmium telluride zinc, and perovskites have been utilized in direct conversion X-ray detectors. However, these semiconductor materials are susceptible to temperature-induced performance degradation, crystallization, delamination, uneven lattice growth, radiation damage, and high dark current. This study explores a new approach by coupling an FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid with a specialized high-resolution and high-readout-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) pixel array, specifically the Topmetal $ textrm{ uppercase expandafter{ romannumeral2}}^{-}$ chip, to fabricate a direct conversion X-ray detector. The fluorinated liquid FC40 (molecular formula: $ ce{C^{21}F^{48}N^2}$) is an electronic medium that is minimally affected by temperature and displays no issues with uniform conductivity. It exhibits a low dark current and minimal radiation damage and enables customizable thickness in X-ray absorption. This addresses the limitations inherent in conventional semiconductor-based detectors. In this study, simple X-ray detector imaging tests were conducted, demonstrating the excellent coupling capability between FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid and CMOS chips by the X-ray detector. A spatial resolution of SI{4.0}{lp/mm} was measured using a striped line par card, and a relatively clear image of a cockroach was displayed in the digital radiography imaging results. Preliminary test results indicated the feasibility of fabricating an X-ray detector by combining FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid and CMOS chips. Owing to the absence of issues related to chip-material coupling, a high spatial resolution could be achieved by reducing the chip pixel size. This method presents a new avenue for studies on novel liquid-based direct conversion X-ray detectors.

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