Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As the main body of a country’s economic activities, enterprises play an important role in transforming basic scientific research into applied technology to achieve technological upgrading of national industries. It is crucial to explore how Chinese enterprises can achieve rapid technological upgrading and industrial transformation in order to realize the transition from quantitative economic development to high-quality economic development. It is worth noting that in key technological fields such as chips, precision manufacturing, medical devices, and artificial intelligence, core technologies are still firmly controlled by enterprises in developed countries such as Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. Currently, Chinese enterprises can only strive to make progress at the level of catch-up technology, and face severe challenges in realizing cutting-edge technological innovation. As the current external environment is deteriorating, Chinese enterprises are constrained at the middle-technology level, and have the possibility to fail into middle-technology trap. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the technological progress mechanism of western enterprises and learn from the successful experience of them. In general, Chinese enterprises should learn from the opening feature of western enterprises, as the openness at the technology, system, and talent levels, as well as the specialized division of labor at the global level achieved through openness, are important factors for western companies to achieve rapid technological progress. This study put forward some suggestions for Chinese enterprises on how to help the country avoid failing into middle-technology trap through the comparison of Chinese and western enterprise systems and the analysis of the new energy automobile industry and the Internet industry. First of all, China should learn from the West to build an open enterprise system. While enterprises themselves remain open, they should cooperate with government legislation and public policy intervention to promote the establishment of a unified national market, in order to achieve three levels of openness at the supply chain and industrial chain levels, namely, openness between enterprises, openness between domestic regions, and openness towards the world. Secondly, the government should accelerate the establishment of a national unified market through legislation, public policy intervention and other forms of intervention. Finally, China needs to achieve three levels of openness in the supply chain and industrial chain, including the openness among enterprises, openness among domestic regions, and openness to the world.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： One of the conditions for breaking through the middle-technology trap is that there are some companies or institutions that could transform basic research into applied technologies. The progress of applied technology, as well as the inventions and new products and services produced by the applied technology system, play an important role in increasing productivity, improving quality of life, and promoting social and economic development. Different from the situation in basic scientific research, China’s applied technology used to be among the most advanced in the world in history. It was not until the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century that it began to lag behind the West. Since the founding of the PRC, China’s applied technology has made tremendous progress. Especially in the four decades since the reform and opening up, China’s applied technology system has developed rapidly. But compared with the most advanced level in the world, China’s applied technology system still has many aspects that need to be improved. This study argues that in order to further improve China’s applied technology, we should first have a deep understanding of the current situation of the system, then identify the problems and shortcomings that need to be resolved, and on this basis, propose improvement plans. Improving the applied technology system is a complex undertaking, subject to many factors. This study examines the shortcomings of China’s applied technology system and discusses how to improve them from the perspectives of scientific and technological population and tacit technological knowledge.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： A major pillar of the new innovation-driven three-pronged development model is pure basic research. With the development of an innovation-driven economy, pure basic research has become increasingly important in promoting scientific and technological progress. In the past few decades, China has made a lot of progress in pure basic research. However, in the new threepronged development model consisting of the pure basic research system, the applied technology system and the financial support system, pure basic research is generally where China’s weakness lies. This study proposes that in order to comprehensively improve China’s pure basic research capabilities, we must first clarify some misunderstandings, and then find the fundamental reasons why China’s pure basic research is relatively weak, and on this basis, formulate strategies for improving pure basic research. China’s pure basic research is indeed relatively weak compared to the advanced level in the world, but China’s relatively backward pure basic research is not directly related to the problem of the so-called being taken by the throat. The main reason for being taken by the throat is that China’s technology level is not good enough due to insufficient accumulation of tacit knowledge and investment in research and development in applied technology. This study argues that China has not yet begun to make efforts in developing pure basic research in a real sense, which is the fundamental reason why China’s pure basic research is relatively backward. Precisely because China has not yet begun to exert its efforts in pure basic research, China’s potential in this area is huge. As China’s comprehensive national strength rises, it is a wise move to gradually increase investment in pure basic research, which is in line with the long-term interests of China and mankind. This study points out that the key strategy for improving China’s pure basic research is to enlarge the scientific population and make full use of their talents. Based on this idea, this study discusses specific strategies to improve the education system, the management system and soft infrastructure, in order to fundamentally improve the level of pure basic research in China.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the second half of the 20th century, a few East Asian economies successfully bypassed the middle-technology trap through technological progress and industrial upgrading. How could these economies utilize foreign technology, thereby catching up with and surpassing the medium level of technological development, stepping into the edge of technological frontier? Their successful experience can be used by China to stride over the trap. This study analyzes the common elements of the success of these economies from both external and internal aspects. Externally, these economies happened to be benefited from an international business environment that is open and free. Consequently, the cross-border flow of talents, goods and capital became an important source of accelerator for technology diffusion and innovation. From the perspective of internal development, these economies were benefited from (1) a gradually market-oriented policy environment, (2) a high-quality education system and open system of human capital, as well as (3) an enterprise-oriented innovation system for applied science that can transform basic science into applied technologies, (4) a financial system with local characteristics.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Through an analysis of the scientific research institution and R&D system of three typical models in the United States, Germany, and Japan, this study summarizes six common characteristics of the scientific research institution and R&D system. Based on this, it analyzes the current status and issues of China’s scientific research institution and R&D system. Finally, this study proposes the establishment of a dual-track scientific research institution and R&D system. On the one hand, it suggests creating a new track of R&D policies aimed at the private sector to address questions like why innovate, where to innovate, and how to innovate for private enterprises. On the other hand, it recommends gradually reforming the old track of policies for scientific research aimed at universities and research institutions, promoting the development of off-system universities and research institutions, research funding sponsors, as well as publishers and academic journals, to drive institutional reform within the on-system relevant institutions.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： After years of development, it is evident that China’s manufacturing industry has been seen a significant improvement in its scale and coverage. However, it has still not broken free from the dilemma of being big but not strong, comprehensive but not excellent. This phenomenon has garnered extensive attention from both the academic and policy communities. This study contends that technological progress is the core of high-quality development in the manufacturing industry. Through empirical research, it is discovered that for latecomer countries in the early stages of economic development, achieving economic growth and income improvement through technology imitation is relatively feasible. However, it becomes a challenging task to achieve technological catch-up and original technological progress after the phase of imitation. Based on this fact, it is argued that China is currently in a state of medium-level technology. It faces the potential threat of ambush from the front (technological blockades from advanced countries) and the pressure of pursuit from behind (low-cost competition from other latecomer countries). To avoid falling into the middle-technology trap, it is imperative to vigorously promote original technological progress.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： middle-technology trap, original technology, basic research, application technology, financial system, venture capital,enterprise reform
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