分类： 地球科学 >> 空间物理学 提交时间： 2017-03-10
摘要： 目前对火星CH4气体的探测是探索火星生命的一项重要手段，圈定出火星表面CH4源区的位置可为将来火星生命的探索选取合适的目标点。本文在对火星CH4气体共振散射进行探测的基础上，通过数值模拟的方法对火星CH4气体的空间分布进行了反演。反演结果能再现模型的密度分布，辨认出CH4气体密度分布较为稠密的区域，从而可以确定出火星表面CH4源区的位置。
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2018-04-24 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： The main purpose of this study was to explore the dynamic changes of greenhouse gas (GHG) from grasslands under different degradation levels during the growing seasons of Inner Mongolia, China. Grassland degradation is associated with the dynamics of GHG fluxes, e.g., CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes. As one of the global ecological environmental problems, grassland degradation has changed the vegetation productivity as well as the accumulation and decomposition rates of soil organic matter and thus will influence the carbon and nitrogen cycles of ecosystems, which will affect the GHG fluxes between grassland ecosystems and the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how the exchanges of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes between soil and atmosphere are influenced by the grassland degradation. We measured the fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O in lightly degraded, moderately degraded and severely degraded grasslands in Inner Mongolia of China during the growing seasons from July to September in 2013 and 2014. The typical semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia plays a role as the source of atmospheric CO2 and N2O and the sink for CH4. Compared with CO2 fluxes, N2O and CH4 fluxes were relatively low. The exchange of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes between the grassland soil and the atmosphere may exclusively depend on the net exchange rate of CO2 in semi-arid grasslands. The greenhouse gases showed a clear seasonal pattern, with the CO2 fluxes of –33.63–386.36 mg/(m•h), CH4 uptake fluxes of 0.113–0.023 mg/(m•h) and N2O fluxes of –1.68–19.90 µg/(m•h). Grassland degradation significantly influenced CH4 uptake but had no significant influence on CO2 and N2O emissions. Soil moisture and temperature were positively correlated with CO2 emissions but had no significant effect on N2O fluxes. Soil moisture may be the primary driving factor for CH4 uptake. The research results can be in help to better understand the impact of grassland degradation on the ecological environment.
分类： 农、林、牧、渔 >> 农业基础学科 提交时间： 2017-11-08 合作期刊: 《中国生态农业学报》
摘要： 冬季施用鸡粪和生物炭对南方稻田土壤CO2与CH4 排放的影响
分类： 农、林、牧、渔 >> 农业基础学科 提交时间： 2017-10-20 合作期刊: 《中国生态农业学报》
摘要： 在陇中黄土高原干旱半干旱区, 采用小区定位试验, 对不同生物质炭输入水平下春小麦农田土壤温室气体(CO2、N2O 和CH4)的排放通量进行全生育期连续观测, 并分析其影响因子。结果表明: 6 个生物质炭输 入水平处理下[0 t·hm2 (CK)、10 t·hm2、20 t·hm2、30 t·hm2、40 t·hm2、50 t·hm2], 旱作农田土壤在春小麦全生育期内均表现为CH4 弱源、N2O 源和CO2 源。全生育期各处理CH4 平均排放通量依次为: 0.005 7 mg·m2·h1、0.004 7 mg·m2·h1、0.003 6 mg·m2·h1、0.003 3 mg·m2·h1、0.002 7 mg·m2·h1 和0.000 4 mg·m2·h1, N2O 平均排放通量依次为: 0.230 5 mg·m2·h1、0.144 1 mg·m2·h1、0.135 3 mg·m2·h1、0.098 9 mg·m2·h1、0.125 0 mg·m2·h1 和0.151 3 mg·m2·h1, CO2 平均排放通量依次为: 0.449 2 μmol·m2·s1、0.447 0 μmol·m2·s1、0.430 3 μmol·m2·s1、0.391 4 μmol·m2·s1、0.408 0 μmol·m2·s1 和0.416 4 μmol·m2·s1。土壤CH4 排放通量随生物质炭输入量的增加而减小; 当生物质炭输入量小于30 t·hm2 时, 土壤N2O、CO2 排放通量随其输入量增加而显著减小, 但当其输入量超过30 t·hm2 时, N2O、CO2 排放通量则呈显著增大趋势。各处理在5~15 cm 土层平均土壤温度差异显著(P<0.05), 在5~10 cm 土层平均土壤含水量差异显著(P<0.05), 土壤温度及含水量受生物质炭影响明显; 且CK 处理不同土层的土壤温度及含水量波动最大, 生物质炭输入可在一定程度上降低不同土层土壤的水热变化幅度; N2O、CO2 排放通量与10~15 cm 土层土壤温度呈显著性负相关, 与20~25 cm 土壤温度呈显著性正相关; CH4 平均排放通量与5~10 cm 土层土壤温度呈显著性负相关, 与其含水量呈显著性正相关; N2O 平均排放 通量与15~20 cm 土层土壤温度呈显著性正相关; CH4、N2O、CO2 平均排放通量与0~5 cm 土层土壤水分呈显著性负相关。生物质炭的输入能够减小温室气体的排放, 且会因其输入量的不同而异, 因此适量应用生物质炭有利于旱作农田生育期内增汇减排。
提交时间： 2017-05-02
Huang, AS [Huang, Aisheng][ 1 ]
Liu, Q [Liu, Qian][ 1 ]
Wang, NY [Wang, Nanyi][ 2 ]
Zhu, YQ [Zhu, Yaqiong][ 1 ]
Caro, J [Caro, Juergen][ 2 ]
摘要： Through layer-by-layer [LBL] deposition of a graphene oxide [GO] suspension on a semicontinuous ZIF-8 layer, we have developed a novel bicontinuous ZIF-8@GO membrane. Since only the gaps between the ZIF-8 crystals are sealed by the GO layer due to capilla
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