分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学的集成理论 提交时间： 2022-11-18 合作期刊: 《数据智能（英文）》
van Vlijmen, Herman
Mons, Albert
Waalkens, Arne
Franke, Wouter
Baak, Arie
Ruiter, Gerbrand
Kirkpatrick, Christine
Santos, Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva
Meerman, Bert
Jellema, Renger
Arts, Derk
Kersloot, Martijn
Knijnenburg, Sebastiaan
Lusher, Scott
Verbeeck, Rudi
Neefs, Jean-Marc
摘要： The industry sector is a very large producer and consumer of data, and many companies traditionally focused on production or manufacturing are now relying on the analysis of large amounts of data to develop new products and services. As many of the data sources needed are distributed and outside the company, FAIR data will have a major impact, both by reducing the existing internal data silos and by enabling the efficient integration with external (public and commercial) data. Many companies are still in the early phases of internal data FAIRification, providing opportunities for SMEs and academics to apply and develop their expertise on FAIR data in collaborations and public-private partnerships. For a global Internet of FAIR Data Services to thrive, also involving industry, professional tools and services are essential. FAIR metrics and certifications on individuals, data, organizations, and software, must ensure that data producers and consumers have independent quality metrics on their data. In this opinion article we reflect on some industry specific challenges of FAIR implementation to be dealt with when choices are made regarding Industry GOing FAIR.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间： 2024-11-26
摘要： The Monte Carlo (MC) method offers significant advantages in handling complex geometries and physicalprocesses in particle transport problems and has become a widely used approach in reactor physics analysis,radiation shielding design, and medical physics. However, with the rapid advancement of new nuclear en-ergy systems, the Monte Carlo method faces challenges in efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability, limiting itseffectiveness in meeting modern design requirements. Overcoming technical obstacles related to high-fidelitycoupling, high-resolution computation, and intelligent design is essential for using the Monte Carlo methodas a reliable tool in numerical analysis for these new nuclear energy systems. To address these challenges,the Nuclear Energy and Application Laboratory (NEAL) team at the University of South China developed amultifunctional and generalized intelligent code platform called MagicMC, based on the Monte Carlo particletransport method. MagicMC is a developing tool dedicated to nuclear applications, incorporating intelligentmethodologies. It consists of two primary components: a basic unit and a functional unit. The basic unit,which functions similarly to a standard Monte Carlo particle transport code, includes seven modules: geometry,source, transport, database, tally, output, and auxiliary. The functional unit builds on the basic unit by addingfunctional modules to address complex and diverse applications in nuclear analysis. MagicMC introduces adynamic Monte Carlo particle transport algorithm to address time-space particle transport problems withinemerging nuclear energy systems and incorporates a CPU-GPU heterogeneous parallel framework to enablehigh-efficiency, high-resolution simulations for large-scale computational problems. Anticipating future trendsin intelligent design, MagicMC integrates several advanced features, including CAD-based geometry modeling,global variance reduction methods, multi-objective shielding optimization, high-resolution activation analysis,multi-physics coupling, and radiation therapy. In this paper, various numerical benchmarks—spanning reactortransient simulations, material activation analysis, radiation shielding optimization, and medical dosimetry anal-ysis—are presented to validate MagicMC. The numerical results demonstrate MagicMC’s efficiency, accuracy,and reliability in these preliminary applications, underscoring its potential to support technological advance-ments in developing high-fidelity, high-resolution, and high-intelligence MC-based tools for advanced nuclearapplications.
分类： 农、林、牧、渔 >> 土壤学 提交时间： 2024-11-19 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Nitrogen deposition and water tables are important factors to control soil microbial community structure. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of nitrogen deposition and water tables coupling on bacterial diversity, abundance, and community structure in arid alpine wetlands remain unclear. The nitrogen deposition (0, 10, and 20 kg N/(hm2•a)) experiments were conducted in the Bayinbulak alpine wetland with different water tables (perennial flooding, seasonal waterlogging, and perennial drying). The 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) gene sequencing technology was employed to analyze the changes in bacterial community diversity, network structure, and function in the soil. Results indicated that bacterial diversity was the highest under seasonal waterlogging condition. However, nitrogen deposition only affected the bacterial Chao1 and beta diversity indices under seasonal waterlogging condition. The abundance of bacterial communities under different water tables showed significant differences at the phylum and genus levels. The dominant phylum, Proteobacteria, was sensitive to soil moisture and its abundance decreased with decreasing water tables. Although nitrogen deposition led to changes in bacterial abundance, such changes were small compared with the effects of water tables. Nitrogen deposition with 10 kg N/(hm2•a) decreased bacterial edge number, average path length, and robustness. However, perennial flooding and drying conditions could simply resist environmental changes caused by 20 kg N/(hm2•a) nitrogen deposition and their network structure remain unchanged. The sulfur cycle function was dominant under perennial flooding condition, and carbon and nitrogen cycle functions were dominant under seasonal waterlogging and perennial drying conditions. Nitrogen application increased the potential function of part of nitrogen cycle and decreased the potential function of sulfur cycle in bacterial community. In summary, composition of bacterial community in the arid alpine wetland was determined by water tables, and diversity of bacterial community was inhibited by a lower water table. Effect of nitrogen deposition on bacterial community structure and function depended on water tables.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地球科学史 提交时间： 2017-12-18 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) are important C pools in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China, however, variations of SOC and SIC stocks under different cultivation practices and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates are not clear in this area. A long-term field experiment started in June 2003 was conducted to investigate the SOC and SIC stocks in a calcareous soil of the Chinese Loess Plateau under four cultivation practices, i.e., fallow (FA), conventional cultivation (CC), straw mulch (SM), and plastic film-mulched ridge and straw-mulched furrow (RF), in combination with three N fertilization rates, i.e., 0 (N0), 120 (N120), and 240 (N240) kg N/hm2. Results indicate that the crop straw addition treatments (SM and RF) increased the contents of soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and SOC, and the SOC stock increased by 10.1%–13.3% at the upper 20 cm soil depth in comparison to the 8-year fallow (FA) treatment. Meanwhile, SIC stock significantly increased by 19% at the entire tested soil depth range (0–100 cm) under all crop cultivation practices in comparison to that of soil exposed to the long-term fallow treatment, particularly at the upper 60 cm soil depth. Furthermore, moderate N fertilizer application (120 kg N/hm2) increased SOC stock at the upper 40 cm soil depth, whereas SIC stock decreased as the N fertilization rate increased. We conclude that the combined application of crop organic residues and moderate N fertilization rate could facilitate the sequestrations of SOC and SIC in the calcareous soil.
分类： 化学 >> 物理化学 提交时间： 2017-11-05 合作期刊: 《结构化学》
摘要： Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. It has been used as an important herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and also as one of the most popular fruits. There are various kinds of bioactive compounds in F. margarita, such as polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, etc. In addition, many studies have reported that these bioactive compounds can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, drosophila lure components in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and daily chemical products due to their biological activities. This review focuses on the structural features and biological activities of polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils and flavonoids and other bioactive substances from F. margarita and their potential applications in food, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-05-23
Guo, Dr. Yuhang
Li, Dr. Qiang
bao, Dr. yu
Pan, Mr. Ziwen
Lv, Dr. You
Stewart, Dr. Rhea
Hillier, Prof. Adrian
Cottrell, Prof. Stephen
Baker, Prof. Peter
Lord, Prof. James
liu, Mr. lei
Liang, Prof. Zhijun
Li, Dr. Mengzhao
Zhao, Prof. Mei
Gaobo, Dr. Xu
Feng, Dr. Meichan
摘要： Muon Spin Rotation/Relaxation/Resonance (μSR) is a versatile and powerful non-destructive technology for investigating the magnetic properties of materials at the microscopic level. The μSR technique typically utilizes fully spin polarized beams of positive muons generated at particle accelerator facilities and measures the evolution of the muon spin polarization inside a sample to extract information about the local magnetic environment in materials. With the development of accelerator technologies, intensities of muon beams are being continuously improved, which will cause a pile-up problem to the μSR spectrometer. This problem is becoming especially challenging at intense pulsed muon sources since the instantaneous data rates are expected to be much higher. The first muon source in China, named MELODY, is currently under construction and will be a pulsed source of muons operated at a repetition frequency of only 1 Hz due to limitations of the accelerator system at CSNS. Consequently, there is a strong motivation to operate MELODY at significantly higher muon intensities. This necessitates an upgrade of the detector system inside the spectrometer, which should be smaller and faster to accommodate the increased intensity per pulse of muons. The Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD), characterized by a typical pulse width of 2 ns and a segmentation size in the centimeters range, has the potential to significantly improve the counting rates of μSR spectrometers that utilize a high intensity pulsed muon source. Thus, it is expected that the LGAD detector is a promising candidate to enhance the performance of μSR spectrometers at the new MELODY muon source. To validate this, tests on the LGAD were conducted at the ISIS pulsed muon source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK. This paper will describe the setup of the candidate LGAD devices and the subsequent analysis of the experiment data.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间： 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
ZHAO Xing-Wen
QIAN Yi
KONG Jie
SU Hong
DU Zhong-Wei
ZHANG Xue-Heng
YAN Duo
LI Zhan-Kui
LI Hai-Xia
WANG Xiao-Hui
TONG Teng
摘要： A readout electronics has been developed for the silicon strip array detector system of HIRFL-CSR-ETF. It consists of 48 front end electronics (FEE) boards, 12 PXI-DAQ boards and one trigger board. It can implement energy and time measurements of 4608 channels. Each FEE board is based on 6 ASICs (ATHED), which implements energy and time measurements of 96 channels. The PXI-DAQ board meets requirements of high-speed counting and amount of readout channels and can process signals of 4 FEEs. The trigger board is developed to select the valid events. The energy linearity of the readout electronics is better than 0.3% in the dynamic range of 0.10.7 V. In the test with a standard triple alpha source, the energy resolution was 1.8% at 5.48 MeV. This readout electronics enables the silicon strip array system to identify particles of A 14.
分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学的集成理论 提交时间： 2022-11-16 合作期刊: 《数据智能（英文）》
摘要： Since their publication in 2016 we have seen a rapid adoption of the FAIR principles in many scientific disciplines where the inherent value of research data and, therefore, the importance of good data management and data stewardship, is recognized. This has led to many communities asking What is FAIR? and How FAIR are we currently?, questions which were addressed respectively by a publication revisiting the principles and the emergence of FAIR metrics. However, early adopters of the FAIR principles have already run into the next question: How can we become (more) FAIR? This question is more difficult to answer, as the principles do not prescribe any specific standard or implementation. Moreover, there does not yet exist a mature ecosystem of tools, platforms and standards to support human and machine agents to manage, produce, publish and consume FAIR data in a user-friendly and efficient (i.e., easy) way. In this paper we will show, however, that there are already many emerging examples of FAIR tools under development. This paper puts forward the position that we are likely already in a creolization phase where FAIR tools and technologies are merging and combining, before converging in a subsequent phase to solutions that make FAIR feasible in daily practice.
分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学技术其他学科 分类： 心理学 >> 心理学其他学科 提交时间： 2021-12-21
摘要： Game map is an important human-computer interactive content-bearing platform in major games. With the application of cellular automata(CA) and Procedural Content Generation (PCG)in map generation, the spatial scale and data volume of current game maps are increasing greatly, while in game map test procedure, automatic methods such as interactive test script are inadequate both in depth and application breadth, especially in the lack of game map evaluation from player experience perspective. This research proposes an automatic game map test method based on agent reinforcement learning. By establishing agents’ interactive action models standing for different types of players’ behaviors in the map, universal evaluation of the map environment is enhanced through agent actions, which can optimize game map design from the perspective of player experience with quantitative value of inferiority. Finally, our campus scenes in Minecraft were used as the experimental environments to verify the effectiveness of the method.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-11-12
摘要： 植被覆盖度能很好的反映流域生态状况，遥感技术为大规模、高效、精准地监测植被覆盖变化提供了重要手段。本文分析了2001—2020年黄河流域上游植被覆盖度时空变化特征，利用Hurst指数与Cv系数检验其持续性、稳定性；分析气候、地形和人口对植被覆盖度变化的影响。结果表明：（1）植被覆盖度由东北向西南递增，69.25%区域呈增长趋势。稳定区域面积占总面积的73.79%，强持续性区域面积占比为66.49%。（2）植被覆盖度与降水正相关区域占比75.63%，与气温正相关区域占比39.28%。（3）植被覆盖度随着高程的增加先升高后下降，与坡度呈正相关，与坡向关系不显著。（4）植被覆盖度在人口密度为65~85人·km-2与GDP为27000~37000元·km-2时最高，人类活动对黄河流域上游植被覆盖变化呈现促进作用。研究结果为黄河流域上游生态高质量发展提供科学参考。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-11-12
摘要： 隔代可塑性是后代免受环境胁迫的有效方式，通过增加子代与环境匹配的可能性来缓冲环境变化对子代的影响，提高子代对所处环境的适应度。因此，本研究以生长发育快、对环境响应敏感的一年生短命植物优势种尖喙牻牛儿苗（Erodium oxyrhinchum）作为研究材料，结合增水、增氮处理，从短命植物生理生化指标角度分析短命植物代际间对气候因子的响应差异，尝试明确气候因子对荒漠短命植物隔代生理可塑性的影响。结果表明：（1）增水处理显著提高了两代植株的可溶性糖（SS）含量、其余生理指标呈代际差异性，增水处理下可溶性蛋白（SP）、可溶性糖（SS）、过氧化物酶（POD）呈隔代适应性。（2）增氮处理显著抑制亲代植株的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）含量，对子代植株过氧化氢酶（CAT）、活性氧（ROS）含量呈抑制作用，增氮处理下可溶性蛋白（SP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）呈隔代适应性。（3）水氮互作处理显著促进亲代植株的过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、活性氧（ROS）含量，但显著抑制超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量。对子代植株超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）含量呈促进作用，过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、活性氧（ROS）含量呈抑制作用，水氮互作处理下可溶性蛋白（SP）、过氧化物酶（POD）呈隔代适应性。总体而言，降水、氮沉降对尖喙牻牛儿苗隔代生理可塑性具有显著影响，尖喙牻牛儿苗生理生化指标对增水、增氮以及水氮互作处理呈现不同的响应差异。未来降水、氮沉降的增加可能改变尖喙牻牛儿苗后代的生态适应能力和策略，进而改变其种群未来发展趋势。
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