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  • Correction of distorted X-ray absorption spectra collected with capillary sample cell

    分类: 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间: 2023-06-16

    摘要: In certain exceptional cases, capillary samples must be used to measure X-ray absorption spectra (XAS). However, the inhomogeneous thickness of capillary samples causes XAS distortion. This study discusses the distortion and correction of the XAS curve caused by the inhomogeneous thickness of capillary samples. The relationship between the distorted XAS curve mdeq (measured values) and the real absorption coefficient msdeq (true values) of the sample was established. The distortion was slight and negligible when the vertical size (2h) of the X-ray beam spot was smaller than 60% of the capillary tubes inner diameter (2Rin). When h/Rin >1, X-ray leakage is inevitable and should be avoided during measurement. Partial X-ray leakage caused by an X-ray beam spot size larger than the inner diameter of the capillary tube leads to serious compressed distortion of the XAS curve. When h/Rin <1, the distorted XAS data were well corrected. Possible errors and their influence on the corrected XAS are also discussed. Simulations and corrections for distortions verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the corrected method.

  • 在液滴作用下悬浮薄膜的毛细皱纹标度律

    分类: 物理学 >> 电磁学、光学、声学、传热、经典力学和流体动力学 提交时间: 2017-09-30

    摘要: 研究意义: 悬浮于液体的薄膜在其上有个液滴(drop),由于液滴的表面张力的作用,薄膜会发生皱纹。皱纹的长度和数量对于测量和标定薄膜材料的性能非常有意义。 J. Huang, M. Juszkiewicz, W. H. de Jeu, E. Cerda, T.Emrick, N. Menon and T. P. Russell在 Science, 317, 650(2007) 通过细致的实验,并通过曲线拟合得到了薄膜皱纹长度和数量的经验表达式,2010年D. Vella, M. Adda-Bedia and E. Cerda, Soft Matter 6,5778 (2010),利用圆形薄板理论进行了解析和数值分析,从理论上部分地验证了 Huang et al(2007)的经验公式。 存在的问题是: 1. 目前得到的经验表达式是否是普遍适用的结果? 2.如果不是普遍适用,那么在什么情况下可以使用这些经验公式? 3.目前的结果都是在各向同性薄膜的情况下获得的结果,那么对于正交各向同性薄膜的情况如何把现有表达式推广到正交各向同性薄膜? 4.Huang (2007), Vella (2010)和其他成果都是只是研究静态情况,而实际情况是,表面张力的作用是一个动力学的过程,随着时间的发展,皱纹长度和数量要发生变化,如何在静态成果的基础上,推广到皱纹动力学? 5.另外,液滴的半径如果超过毛细尺度,重力就起主导作用,就必须考虑重力的影响(之前的论文都没有考虑),这时的皱纹长度和数量与时间的关系满足什么标度律? 本文的工作: 首先我们使用量纲分析方法,推导出皱纹长度和数量的一般关系,发现皱纹长度和数量由二个组合无量纲参数的联合作用控制,在一般非线性变形的情况下,没有普遍适用的规律(标度律),只有在线性小变形的情况,才有普遍适用的标度律。 在小变形的情况下,皱纹长度主要有薄膜面内刚度与表面张力之比控制,其物理意义就是,在液滴薄膜张力一定的情况下,薄膜面内拉伸性能越好皱纹越长,反之,越短。皱纹数量取决于液滴的半径和薄膜弯曲刚度与表面张力之比,薄膜越容易弯曲皱纹越多,反之,越少。这里的结果完全符合物理观察。 对于小变形情况,我们把各向同性薄膜的情况推广到正交各向同性的情况。 对于皱纹动力学问题,我们利用Tanner的液滴半径随时间的标度律,结合我们得到的结果,成功地得到了皱纹长度和数量的动力学结果。以前没有看到皱纹动力学的结果。 最后,我们给出了重力主导的皱纹长度和数量的表达式,发现在重力主导的情况下,皱纹长度和数量对于给定的问题,是一个常数。以前没有看到重力主导情况下的皱纹结果。

  • Numerical Simulations and Analyses of Temperature Control Loop Heat Pipe for Space CCD Camera

    分类: 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间: 2017-11-02 合作期刊: 《热科学学报》

    摘要: This paper deals with the output improvement of heating and cooling cycle by using the work-fluid including phase change material. The experimental study is carried out by heat exchange between work-fluid and heat transfer surface. The work-fluid is flown to a high temperature or a low temperature heat transfer surface from the narrow path. In order to increase the amount of the heat transmission, a trace of Diethylether (boiling point 34.8 degrees C), as a phase change material (PCM), is added to the work-fluid. The parameters of the experiment are additive amount of PCM, the rotational speed of the displacer piston and the temperature of heat transfer surface. It is clarified that the increasing of engine cycle output is brought by the PCM addition. The effect of PCM addition is evaluated by output ratio which is defined from the experimental cycle output data. The requirements for acquiring the increasing effect of output by adding PCM are clarified.