分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Tidal disruption events (TDEs) can uncover the quiescent supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the center of galaxies. After the disruption of a star by a SMBH, the highly elliptical orbit of the debris stream will be gradually circularized due to the self-crossing, and then the circularized debris will form an accretion disk. The recent TDE candidate AT 2019avd has double peaks in its optical light curve, and the X-ray emerges near the second peak. The durations of the peaks are ~400 and 600 days, respectively, and the separation between them is ~700 days. We fit its spectral energy distribution (SED) and analyze its light curves in the optical/UV, mid-infrared, and X-ray bands. We find that this source can be interpreted as a two-phase scenario in which the first phase is dominated by the stream circularization, and the second phase is the delayed accretion. We use the succession of the self-crossing model and the delayed accretion model to fit the first and the second peaks, respectively. The fitting result implies that AT 2019avd can be interpreted by the partial disruption of a 0.9 M_sun star by a 7 * 10^6 M_sun SMBH, but this result is sensitive to the stellar model. Furthermore, we find the large-amplitude (by factors up to $\sim 5$) X-ray variability in AT 2019avd can be interpreted as the rigid-body precession of the misaligned disk due to the Lense--Thirring effect of a spinning SMBH, with the precession period of 10 - 25 days.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We present and analyze the optical/UV and X-ray observations of a nearby tidal disruption event (TDE) candidate AT2019azh, spanning from $\sim$ 30 d before to $\sim$ 400 d after its early optical peak. The X-rays show a late brightening by a factor of $\sim$ 30-100 around 200 days after discovery, while the UV/opticals continuously decayed. The early X-rays show two flaring episodes of variation, temporally uncorrelated with the early UV/opticals. We found a clear sign of X-ray hardness evolution, i.e., the source is harder at early times, and becomes softer as it brightens later. The drastically different temporal behaviors in X-rays and UV/opticals suggest that the two bands are physically distinct emission components, and probably arise from different locations. These properties argue against the reprocessing of X-rays by any outflow as the origin of the UV/optical peak. The full data are best explained by a two-process scenario, in which the UV/optical peak is produced by the debris stream-stream collisions during the circularization phase; some shocked gas with low angular momentum forms an early, low-mass 'precursor' accretion disk which emits the early X-rays. The major body of the disk is formed after the circularization finishes, whose enhanced accretion rate produces the late X-ray brightening. AT2019azh is a strong case of TDE whose emission signatures of stream-stream collision and delayed accretion are both identified.
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