Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-06-01 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most abundant resources in the world can be converted into value-added bio-chemicals by microbial fermentation. Compared with the traditionally used edible biomass materials, lignocelluloses fermentation by microorganism encounters the following key problems: developing economically efficient pretreatment of lignocellulose, increasing the microbial utilization of the second most abundant sugar xylose in lignocellulose hydrolysates, enhancing the microbial comprehensive utilization of mixed sugars and improving the microbial tolerance to inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysates, such as furfural and acetic acid. New breakthroughs have been made on the research of these problems recent years. In this review, the latest research advances were summarized to address these issues and prospects for future development of commercial microbial utilization of lignocellulose were suggested.
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2019-01-17 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract:细菌中普遍存在L/D型氨基酸,与L-氨基酸(L-AAs)不同,D-氨基酸(D-AAs)不参与蛋白质合成,而与细胞壁肽聚糖的合成有关,直接影响细菌细胞壁的形状、数量和强度。D-AAs在细菌表征、药物抑菌性、靶标确定等方面具有重要的作用。目前,外源添加D-AAs参与肽聚糖合成的机制已有一些研究进展,其荧光衍生物已应用于细菌可视化,特异性探测细胞壁形成/重塑、细菌生长和细胞形态。但D-AAs如何影响细菌生长及其抗逆性的机制尚未研究清楚。本文对D-AAs的研究现状进行了综述,重点介绍了D-AAs在细菌中的生物合成和参与细胞壁合成的机制,非典型D-AAs对细菌的调控以及在细菌可视化中的应用,并对D-AAs未来研究方向进行了展望。
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-06-01 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract: Metabolic engineering in bacteria requires optimization of gene expression levels to balance metabolic flux distributions and minimize accumulation of toxic intermediates towards an efficient biosynthesis of target products. Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria can interact with their target mRNA by base-pairing to inhibit or activate the translation of their target genes. Since small RNAs play critical regulatory roles in many physiological processes, they are considered to be powerful tools for the tuning of target genes expression in bacterial metabolic engineering. Many artificial sRNAs are applied in metabolic engineering in recent years. In this review, identification of sRNA targes genes, interaction between sRNAs and their targets and application of sRNAs in metabolic engineering were summarized.