Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2021-08-01 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： 采用 2002—2016 年 GRACE（Gravity recovery and climate experiment）重力卫星 JPL-RL06M 数据分析咸海流域陆地水储量变化（Terrestrial water storage change, TWSC）时空变化特征，并结合 CRU TS4.03 气象数据、GLDAS-Noah 地表蒸散发数据和高精度土地利用数据探究气候变化与人类活 动对陆地水储量的影响。结果表明：（1）2002—2016 年咸海流域陆地水储量变化呈现-3.20 mm·a-1 下降趋势，春、夏季陆地水储量呈盈余态势，秋、冬季呈现亏损状态；水储量变化在空间上表现为中 部和东部盈余，周边亏损的特征。（2）2002—2016 年咸海流域降水量呈-1.14 mm·a-1 下降趋势，地 表温度呈 0.11 ℃·a-1 上升趋势；相比气温，水储量变化与降水量相关性更强。（3）2000—2015 年，咸 海流域耕地面积小幅增加 1.65×104 km2，水域面积减少；农作物耗水和灌溉需水的增加加剧了咸海 流域水量支出，咸海流域蒸散发呈 21.63×108 m3·a-1 增加态势，在空间上与陆地水储量变化的相关 系数最高达 0.74，是影响陆地水储量变化的主要因素之一。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2023-03-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： As the main carrier of alpine freshwater ecosystems, alpine lakes are currently experiencing rapid climate change that has profound and complex effects on their ecosystems. In this study, we systematically analyze the effects of altitude-dependent warming on the thermal properties, dissolved oxygen stratification, and biological processes of alpine lakes in the context of climate change, describe the adaptation measures of alpine aquatic organisms and changes in underwater radiation characteristics in the context of radiation enhancement, and reveal the effects of precipitation changes on the cross-ecosystem material subsidies and biogeochemical cycles in alpine lakes, as well as the mechanism of the impact of precipitation changes on these cross-ecosystem material subsidies and biogeochemical cycles in mountain lakes. In the future research, we must improve the integrated response experiments of lake habitats under the changes of multiple climate factors, strengthen the systematic monitoring and integration of the whole elements of alpine lake ecosystems, and change the research type (i.e., static and qualitative research to process, dynamic, and quantitative research) to enhance knowledge on the response mechanism of alpine lake ecosystems to global climate change.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：本文基于水文观测和遥感监测数据，获取近60 a巴尔喀什湖面积、水位变化信息，重建湖泊水量变化时间序列，探明巴尔喀什湖水量变化特征；依据湖泊水量收入（入湖径流、降水）支出（湖面蒸发）建立巴尔喀什湖水量平衡模型，分析巴尔喀什湖水量平衡要素变化特征，定量解析气候变化和人类活动对巴湖水量变化的影响。结果表明：（1）19612020年，巴尔喀什湖水量以1987年为拐点先急剧减少后波动增加；入湖径流变化与湖泊水量变化过程基本一致，年均入湖径流量约为14.04 km3a-1；湖区降水以0.28 mma-1的速率波动增加；水体年均蒸发量约17.95km3a-1，其中，1987年最小为16.10 km3，2008年最高达20.30 km3。（2）过去60 a年，地下水与湖泊互为补充，其中20世纪70年代和80年代地下水补给湖泊水量较多，补给量约为1.91 km3。（3）在湖区尺度上，入湖流量与巴尔喀什湖水量显著相关，是影响湖泊水量变化的主导因素；在流域尺度上，气候波动对入湖流量长期变化的贡献率为71.67%，人类活动耗水的贡献率为28.33%；19701985年卡普恰盖水库蓄水及周边耕地扩张对入湖水量锐减的贡献率达47.47%，人类活动明显加剧了这一时期湖泊水位下降的进程。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-09-03 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：水资源是维持内陆河流域社会经济与生态环境协调发展的关键因素。针对水资源短缺现状，建立兼顾生态、生产和生活用水的优化配置方案是提高水资源利用效率、缓解供需矛盾的有效手段。本文以开都-孔雀河流域为研究区，采用二阶段区间优化算法，基于历史气象、水文、土地利用、社会经济等数据，构建水资源优化模型，对市政用水、生态用水、工农服务业用水等进行年、月、旬多尺度优化配置。该方法结合区间、概率优化的特点，可准确分析多水源来水和多用户用水的不确定性，实现不同政策情景下的水资源最优配置。研究表明：流域市政、畜牧业和二三产业需水基本能够满足，缺水主要发生在农业、生态用水和塔河下游输水。在区域分配上，库尔勒与和静县农业缺水最为显著；生态缺水主要发生在博湖县和库尔勒市，塔里木河下游生态输水单元最为缺水，在高来水水平下仍缺水0.27×108~ 0.92×108 m3·a-1。年内配水量最大发生在7月，最小为1月；9月缺水程度最高，农业和生态缺水量分别为0.36×108~1.43×108 m3和0.90×108 m3。不同的水资源管理政策将导致流域系统收益发生明显变化，与其他政策情景相比，经济效益优先的情景下，系统能获得更高的用水收益，是相对最优的水资源配置方案。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-02-10 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：文章利用大量翔实的实地调查记录和遥感反演数据，系统评估了塔里木河流域重大生态工程成效，分析了生态恢复过程及其环境效应，提出了未来塔里木河流域生态环境建设与保护的对策和建议，为塔里木河流域部署后续生态文明建设提供科学依据。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：
Based on the satellite data, the water level and area information of Lake Issyk-Kul was extracted, and the water volume was reconstruct; combined with CRU meteorological data from 1960-2020, the temperature and precipitation observation data from 1960- 2000 at the Cholpon- Ata meteorological station and the water volume observation data into the lake, the lake water balance model was established to analyze the changing characteristics of each element of the water balance and to explore its influencing factors. The results indicated that: (1) Since 1960, the water volume of Issyk-Kul Lake has undergone a process of continuous decrease and fluctuating increase, with 1998 being the inflection point of the change; from the 1960s to the mid-1980s, the water volume into the lake decreased continuously mainly due to the influence of irrigation diversions, and then turned to an increasing trend after 1986 with the decrease of irrigation water and the increase of precipitation and glacial meltwater; precipitation in the lake area increased at a rate of 9.1 mm·(10a)-1 , and the evapotranspiration tends to increase significantly with increasing temperature and lake area. (2) Before the mid-1980s, Issyk-Kul had a negative water balance in most years, and groundwater continued to recharge the lake; since 1986, the water balance deficit of the lake gradually decreased, and since 1998, the positive balance has been dominated. (3) The interaction of water balance components such as runoff, precipitation and evaporation determines the changes in lake water volume, while climate change in the flow-producing areas and irrigation diversions in irrigation areas indirectly drive the changes in lake water volume by changing runoff; from 1960 to 1986, human activities, mainly irrigation diversions, were the dominant factor driving the changes in Issyk- Kul water volume, with a contribution of 71.6%, and since 1987 the cumulative contribution of climate change factors to changes in lake water volume exceeds 80%.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-04-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：气候变化下的山区径流时空变异特征是干旱区水文水资源研究的热点之一。本研究选择天山南坡开都河流域源区为典型研究区，基于1958—2017年大山口水文站和巴音布鲁克水文站径流数据，及巴音布鲁克气象观测数据，采用TFPWMK趋势检验、小波分析与小波相干等方法分析径流序列的趋势、突变和周期特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：近60 a来，开都河源区径流、降水、气温呈显著增加趋势，并且径流量、降水量与最高气温的增率在加快，而平均气温与最低气温的增率减缓；径流量、降水与平均气温的突变年份集中在20世纪90年代，并且均存在28 a的周期；夏季径流量增加主要受夏季升温的影响，而早春径流量增加主要与冬季降水增加、早春升温有关；在年尺度上，降水是影响开都河径流变化的主要因素，气温主要以积温形式影响着径流的变化；在月尺度上，积温与降水均与径流呈显著正相关关系，且源区上游径流较下游径流对气温变化更为敏感。
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