Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It is their distinct spatial and temporal scales for natural substances defined various kinds of disciplines of natural sciences, as well as their connections. Based on the disruptive advances attributable to the revolutions of Molecular Biology and Genomics in the 20th century, by introducing the principles of engineering science into life science and biotechnology, the third revolution of Convergence has been emerged and rapidly developed into the cutting-edge frontier of academic research since the beginning of this century. The serial review articles of this issue illustrated both the history and the connotations of synthetic biology via highlighting main fields of research for synthetic biology, especially their scientific and technological fundamentals and social governance issues, thus it may cause attentions from the academic, the public and governments.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-03-22 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：微生物组是指一个特定环境或者生态系统中全部微生物及其遗传信息，包括其细胞群体和数量、全部遗传物质（基因组），它界定了涵盖微生物群及其全部遗传与生理功能，其内涵包括了微生物与其环境和宿主的相互作用。微生物组学是一个崭新的学科，微生物组研究取得的成果，必将为国家经济社会发展、人类生活质量改善提供源源不断的创新活力。因此，微生物组学也是一个世界各国争相发展的战略性科技领域，美国、日本等发达国家已经部署了支持微生物组研究的国家计划。在分析国内发展现状的基础上，结合我国发展过程中的国家需求，文章分析了我国微生物组研究面临的机遇和挑战，提出了部署中国微生物组计划“国家需求导向、科学假设驱动、技术创新支撑”的基本原则。建议设立中国微生物组计划国家重点研发计划；探讨了中国微生物组计划的重点领域和内容，涉及健康、环境、工农业和海洋等领域。希望通过中国微生物组计划的实施，主导国际大科学计划并强化我国在相应领域的话语权，显著提升我国科技创新和科技成果转化能力，催生一批基于颠覆性技术的战略性新兴产业，为我国经济社会发展和人类文明进步作出应有的贡献。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The bio-medical data has entered a new era from exabyte-scale of genomic data to petabyte-scale of multi-dimensional big data, transforming the biological and medical research into a “data-intensive science” that is also referred as the fourth paradigm of discovery. Such transformation presented a set of new challenges: we have to efficiently gather and share high-dimensional and multi-level clinical and research data, further facilitate the comprehensive utilization of various omics data, clinical data, and phenome data of large population, eventually convert big data to new knowledge. Such challenges have to be faced by employing a new series of paradigm shifting ideas. In particular, new frameworks should be developed to improve the current submission-based data storage system to an integration-oriented system; to improve the subjective-based data sharing system to an interactive-oriented system; to integrate the cutting edge information technologies into the current data mining system. At the same time, large efforts have to be invested in developing data standardization guidelines and quality control technologies. These ideas will be critical in order to establish next generation of bio-medical big data centers and will be a new trend of future research.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-06-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Synthetic biology revolutionizes the comprehension of life systems from an engineering perspective, employing a “bottomup” approach in life science research. It adopts an iterative research paradigm of “design-build-test-learn” in life science research and creates engineered new life systems grounded in genomics and systems biology. This provides a new pathway of “from creation to understanding” for life sciences, departing from the traditional reductionist research strategy of “study the whole to understand the parts” and opening up a new culture of “building to understand” the essence of life. Additionally, synthetic biology elevates existing biotechnologies previously based on “simulating natural processes” and “genetic engineering modifications” to a level of “quantitative rational design” and “standardized construction testing”, pushing bioengineering and metabolic engineering towards efficient, universal engineering “reprogramming” and even “de novo construction”, thereby achieving the goal of “building to use”. This study reviews the significant progress of synthetic biology in the aspect of “building to understand” in basic life science research in recent years, providing specific cases of its “building to use” in fields such as chemical engineering, medicine, food, and the environment, showcasing the profound impact synthetic biology is exerting on the comprehensive development of human society. Moreover, it underscores the importance of constructing a convergent ecosystem and governance framework to foster the robust and expeditious development of synthetic biology.
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-05-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：开展雨生红球藻基因组测序研究，对于解读绿藻起源与进化及生物逆境胁迫响应机理，及推动雨生红球藻产业发展都具有重要意义。利用Illumina Hiseq 2500对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)进行高通量测序，获得低覆盖度全基因组草图。通过计算k-mer分布预测该基因组草图大小约为547 Mbp，GC含量为59.2 %，为纯合或单倍体。共得到11,059个预测基因，平均基因长度为1,711 bp，平均CDS长度为681 bp；平均每个基因包含3.2个外显子，外显子平均长度为353 bp。代谢通路分析表明，具有完整的糖酵解、三羧酸循环、磷酸戊糖途径、嘌呤和嘧啶合成等基本代谢通路。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-03-22 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：宏基因组研究的思想与技术推动了微生物组的兴起，积累了丰富的微生物基因组以及健康、动植物和环境相关的微生物宏基因组数据，形成了具备一定规模和影响力的数据库、标准化方法与分析工具。大多数平台聚焦于为项目或特定类型的微生物菌群提供数据支撑，难以满足更深入全面的微生物生物学研究需求。文章建议采用综合聚焦微生物分类单元总和的微生物系统组与聚焦特定生态位微生物种群总和的微生物组的思路，建设综合性的微生物组数据仓库，整合微生物分类、进化、生态以及相关“组学”数据与信息。在此基础上，进一步综合生命科学基础研究和系统合成生物学研究的数据，支撑经高水平质控的综合性参考数据库、标准化的拼接与注释以及一流的数据汇交、搜索分享、深度学习和分析挖掘方法的研究开发。由此，亦将进一步集成大型微生物组项目的元数据及数据，形成数据综合完整、管理安全高效，服务功能完备的微生物组大数据中心。
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