Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2018-06-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：中亚的哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦是全球铀矿资源富集区之一，具有铀矿资源储量大、分布集中、开采条件较好等特点。自2009年以来，中亚铀矿开采量长期居世界首位，2016年占世界铀矿总开采量的43.5%（其中91%分布于哈萨克斯坦）。中国与中亚铀矿合作始于2005年，自2010年以来发展较快。文章分析了中国与中亚铀矿合作开发的必要性和可行性，阐述了合作开发模式从铀矿贸易、铀矿勘探开发发展到核燃料组件加工，并对合作开发的前景作了预测。主要结论为： 2030年以前中亚铀矿可满足中国核电发展对进口天然铀需求量的70%—75%；其后，随着中亚铀矿资源的快速消耗，2035年保障程度降至40%—50%。最后，文章提出了加强和深化中国与中亚铀矿合作的对策建议：以“五通”理念引领合作开发，尽快编制《中国与中亚铀矿合作开发规划纲要》，明确未来合作开发的重点，不断提高中资企业在合作开发中的地位作用，重视防范和化解合作开发的风险。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-09 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： 草本层是古尔班通古特沙漠植被的重要组成部分，在维持沙漠稳定、养分循环等方面具有重要意义。水分通常以积雪和降雨形式输入到土壤，输入方式及数量变化对荒漠植物的存活和生长有重要影响。本文以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘草本层为研究对象，利用人工增减积雪的方法，共设置4个积雪处理(0，50%，100%，200%积雪，其中100%积雪为对照)，于2009—2016年春季调查草本植物的数量特征和物种丰富度，分析草本植物数量特征对水分变化的响应；同时结合气象数据，分析不同年份一年生荒漠草本植物数量特征与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明：表层土壤含水量与积雪厚度成正比，相应的草本植物的幼苗密度与积雪水当量、表层土壤含水量成正比关系；2009—2016年，年内积雪量的变化对物种丰富度没有显著影响，各积雪处理间物种丰富度差异不显著；2009—2016年自然处理下年际间物种丰富度差异显著，2015年物种丰富度显著小于其余年份。结合气象数据分析发现，物种丰富度年际变化主要受幼苗建成期的降雨调控，并且干旱年份过后的湿润年份物种丰富度不受前一年降水的影响，说明荒漠草本植物层片具有较强的自我调节能力；自然处理下，不同年份草本植物旺盛期的存活数量与大气干旱程度(空气饱和差)呈显著负相关关系（R2值为0.611，P0.05），说明大气干旱程度更能表征荒漠草本植物生长峰值期的存活情况。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-01 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Mountain grassland are an essential component of pasture resources in the Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region. However, mountain grassland are highly vulnerable to human-associated disturbance andclimate change. The responses of the mountain grassland plant community characteristics and diversity todifferent grazing managements in Barkol County, Xinjiang, are still unclear. In this study, three different grazingmanagement treatments were set up in 2012 to investigate the response patterns of the plant communitycharacteristics, diversity, and the relationship between the diversity and the aboveground biomass in the mountaingrasslands. The three grazing management blocks were M0, M1, and M2, which represented the permanentgrazing prohibition, winter grazing, and year-round grazing management, respectively. During the peak growingseasons of 2013, 2017, and 2022, the data regarding the number of species, height, coverage, density, andaboveground plant biomass were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that the different grazingmanagements had no significant impacts on the importance value of the dominant species, such as Stipa glareosa.However, the importance values of the nondominant species such as Neotrinia splendens and Achnatheruminebrians (Hance) Keng increased under winter and year- round grazing. As grazing intensity increased, plantheight, coverage, density, aboveground biomass, and their response ratios declined significantly (P<0.05). Therewere no significant differences in the Shannon- Wiener diversity, Simpson dominance, and Pielou evennessindices in M0, M1, and M2. In contrast, the Margalef richness index elevated markedly (P<0.05), indicating thatgrazing provided more survival resources helpful for other species. In the permanent grazing prohibition block,the aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with the Simpson dominance, Shannon-Wiener diversity, andPielou evenness indices. In the winter grazing block, aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with theMargalef richness index. Overall, the importance value of the dominant species showed no remarkabledifferences under varying grazing management, and its dominance remained unchanged. Except for the Margalefrichness index, the other diversity indices were not significantly influenced by grazing. Winter and year- roundgrazing enhanced the vital value of unpalatable species, altering the composition of forage, which was notconducive to future animal husbandry development. In summary, as the enclosure time increased, permanentgrazing prohibition was beneficial for restoring degraded grasslands, improving community characteristic values,improving grassland productivity, and maintaining community stability to a certain extent. Grazing would affectresource redistribution in the ecosystem, releasing ecological niches for more species, but year-round grazing ledto intensified grassland degradation because of overgrazing pressure.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In September 2022, the President of the People’s Republic of China visited Uzbekistan for the first time after the epidemic. In the subsequent joint statement between China and Uzbekistan, China welcomed the adoption of the Aral Sea initiative proposed by Uzbekistan at the General Assembly of the United Nations. The two sides expressed their willingness to actively promote synergy between the Global Development Initiative and projects related to improving the ecological, economic, and social environment of the Aral Sea region under the framework of the United Nations. In this context, this paper describes the current situation of the Aral Sea crisis with a quantitative method and summarizes the necessity and significance of China’s participation in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea using the literature analysis method. The author believes that China has favorable conditions in terms of policies and mechanisms, funds, talents and cooperation foundation in participating in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea, and suggests that under the principle of win-win cooperation, overall coordination, and doing something and leaving something undone, starting from exploring scientific issues and improving people’s livelihood, taking desertification combating, water and soil conservation, modern agricultural technology, and the promotion and utilization of new energy as the starting point, and using China’s wisdom, experience and strength in participating in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea, promoting the development of the green Aral Sea, effectively deepening China’s scientific and technological cooperation with Central Asia, and providing scientific and technological support for the construction of a community with a shared future for China-Central Asia and even high-quality development of the Belt and Road.
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