本刊主管单位为中国科学院，主办单位为中国科学院云南天文台，国内统一连续出版物号为CN 53-1240/P，国际标准期刊号ISSN 2097-3675，刊期为双月刊，面向国内外公开发行。主要刊登天文技术方法或应用于天文方面的AI技术、天文数据处理、天文台址设备运行管理等方面的学术论文，天文仪器设备发展和大科学装置的综述性论文以及天文技术与仪器新概念、新理论、新成果、新技术等方面的原创性论文。
关键词: Dome A; Cloud cover; Vertical wind shear; Skin temperature; Net solar radiation; Climate stability;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.3724/ ati2025061
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：With excellent seeing conditions, ultra-low infrared background noise, high frequency of space debris transits, and continuous polar night coverage, Dome A in Antarctica has become an ideal platform for ground-based astronomy and space situational monitoring. As a crucial observatory site for international deep space, deep Earth, deep sea, and polar exploration, it is very important to evaluate the suitability of Dome A as an observatory site. However, owing to extreme environmental constraints, the evaluation of site conditions is mainly based on single-point measurements, making it challenging to comprehensively evaluate the effective site range and uniformity. This study integrated satellite remote sensing data to develop a cross-comparison framework for diverse indicators across Dome A, to evaluate its spatial uniformity. We find that the area surrounding the Dome A site, defined within a roughly 1° × 1° latitude and longitude range, possesses excellent astronomical observation conditions.
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1021
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关键词: Axial flux motor; Low temperature; 3D finite element analysis; Antarctic astronomical telescope; Dome A;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.3724/ ati2025053
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：Effective motors are crucial for driving astronomical telescopes, especially for those operating in Antarctica, where the harsh environment and operating conditions, including extreme low temperature, ice/snow accumulation, low power consumption, and unattended operation, introduce challenges to the design and development of motor drives. We present the design of a permanent magnet synchronous motor suitable for this environment, conducting a quantitative analysis on the impacts of cryogenic conditions on lubricant performance, differential thermal contraction of metallic components, and remanent flux density of neodymium iron boron (N52) permanent magnets. We also implement a labyrinth seal structure, combined with silicone sealing rings, to mitigate ice crystal intrusion risks. Finite element analysis and laboratory tests demonstrate a maximum torque output of 25 Nm. This kind of motor is used in the Antarctic 15 cm Near Infrared Telescope at Dome A, Antarctica. Operation data shows a total encoder feedback error of 0.0678" for the telescope control system with 15" s−1 tracking speed at −56.79°C. These results comprehensively validate the high reliability and precision of the motor under the extreme conditions of the polar environment.
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4288
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1082
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关键词: Robotic; All-sky imager; Auroras; Airglow; Optical imaging;
DOI：https://doi.org/10. 3724/ati2025054
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：We report a new standalone Robotic All-Sky narrowband Imager (RASI) for auroral and airglow studies. RASI has new optics and an electromechanical system, low operation and installation costs, easy deployment and fully automatic features. The new optics provide an all-sky field of view with excellent image quality and sensitivity. The new electromechanical system design offers a more compact size and the capability for outdoor independent deployment. We have also developed a fully automatic data acquisition software for RASI, which is based on the perception of solar altitude and the all-sky cloud cover. In conclusion, the RASI demonstrates significant advantages over the traditional all-sky narrowband imager, and it is highly suitable for the intensity measurements of large-scale auroras and airglow distributions.
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3924
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987
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关键词: Radio astronomy; Low frequency; Global spectrum; Antarctica;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.3724/ ati2025051
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：The redshifted 21 cm line, arising from neutral hydrogen, offers a unique probe into the intergalactic medium and the first stars and galaxies formed in the early universe. However, detecting this signal is a challenging task because of artificial radio-frequency interference (RFI) and systematic errors such as ground effects. The interior of the Antarctic continent provides an excellent location to make such observations, with minimal RFI and relatively stable foreground signals. Moreover, a flat plateau in central Antarctica, with an ice cap over 2000 m deep, will show less ground reflection of radio waves, reducing the signal complexity in the area around the probing antenna. It may be advantageous to perform cosmological 21 cm experiments in Antarctica, and a 21 cm Antarctic global spectrum experiment can potentially be deployed on the Antarctic ice cap. We have performed preliminary instrumental design, system calibration, and implementation of such an instrument optimized for extreme cold and capable of long-term autonomous operation. This system shows the ability to effectively detect the 21 cm signal, confirming Antarctica as an excellent observational site for radio cosmology.
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3798
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1026
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关键词: Antarctic telescope; Control system; Reliability; Optimization strategy;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.61977/ ati2025049
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：Antarctic telescopes, especially those located at Dome A, face significant reliability challenges owing to the extremely harsh working environment, among which the reliability of the control system is critical in ensuring stable operation. This paper describes various factors affecting the reliability of Antarctic telescopes, as well as the challenges of reliability improvement. Combined with the development of Antarctic telescopes and the experience of Antarctic scientific expeditions, we introduce, in detail, the optimization strategy for reliability enhancement, including the hardware layer, software layer, modular design to facilitate maintenance, and reliability management. The current status of the Antarctic Survey Telescope (AST3) is also briefly introduced, along with future development plans. We aim to provide ideas for the reliability design of Antarctic telescopes and provide technical support for the development of future Antarctic telescopes.
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3722
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972
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关键词: Dome A; Antarctic infrared thermal radiation; Mechanical defrosting; Aperture photometry;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.3724/ ati2025057
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：Dome A, in Antarctica, offers an exceptional site for ground-based infrared astronomy, with its extremely low atmospheric infrared background noise and excellent seeing conditions. However, deploying near-infrared telescopes in the harsh environment of Antarctica faces the critical challenge of frost accumulation on optical mirrors. While indium tin oxide heating films effectively defrost visible-band Antarctic astronomical telescopes, their thermal radiation at infrared wavelengths introduces significant stray light, severely degrading the signal-to-noise ratio for infrared observations. To address this limitation, we have designed a mechanical snow-removal system capable of efficiently clearing frost from sealing window surfaces at temperatures as low as –80°C. Aperture photometry of target sources, Canopus and HD 2151, revealed that after six days without intervention, floating snow extinction reduced target brightness by up to 3 magnitudes. Following mechanical defrosting, the source flux recovered to stable levels, with measured magnitudes showing rapid initial improvement followed by stabilization. Data analysis indicates that a frost removal strategy operating every 48 h, with each operation consisting of 4–6 cycles, enables efficient removal of frost and snow without introducing additional thermal noise. Future work will focus on optimizing the adaptive control algorithm and exploring novel low-temperature defrosting materials to extend the periods during which Antarctic infrared telescopes can operate unattended.
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3998
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1060
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0
关键词: Optical data processing; Space target identification; Fuzzy correlation; Arc-segment difference method; Orbit determination;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.61977/ ati2025029
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：In response to the issue of fuzzy matching and association when optical observation data are matched with the orbital elements in a catalog database, this paper proposes a matching and association strategy based on the arcsegment difference method. First, a matching error threshold is set to match the observation data with the known catalog database. Second, the matching results for the same day are sorted on the basis of target identity and observation residuals. Different matching error thresholds and arc-segment dynamic association thresholds are then applied to categorize the observation residuals of the same target across different arc-segments, yielding matching results under various thresholds. Finally, the orbital residual is computed through orbit determination (OD), and the positional error is derived by comparing the OD results with the orbit track from the catalog database. The appropriate matching error threshold is then selected on the basis of these results, leading to the final matching and association of the fuzzy correlation data. Experimental results showed that the correct matching rate for data arc-segments is 92.34% when the matching error threshold is set to 720″, with the arc-segment difference method processing the results of an average matching rate of 97.62% within 8 days. The remaining 5.28% of the fuzzy correlation data are correctly matched and associated, enabling identification of orbital maneuver targets through further processing and analysis. This method substantially enhances the efficiency and accuracy of space target cataloging, offering robust technical support for dynamic maintenance of the space target database.
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3183
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969
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关键词: Image SNR calculation; Imaging simulation; Ground-based optical detection system; Space target image sequence;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.61977/ ati2025023
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：Space target imaging simulation technology is an important tool for space target detection and identification, with advantages that include high flexibility and low cost. However, existing space target imaging simulation technologies are mostly based on target magnitudes for simulations, making it difficult to meet image simulation requirements for different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) needs. Therefore, design of a simulation method that generates target image sequences with various SNRs based on the optical detection system parameters will be important for faint space target detection research. Addressing the SNR calculation issue in optical observation systems, this paper proposes a ground-based detection image SNR calculation method using the optical system parameters. This method calculates the SNR of an observed image precisely using radiative transfer theory, the optical system parameters, and the observation environment parameters. An SNR-based target sequence image simulation method for ground-based detection scenarios is proposed. This method calculates the imaging SNR using the optical system parameters and establishes a model for conversion between the target's apparent magnitude and image grayscale values, thereby enabling generation of target sequence simulation images with corresponding SNRs for different system parameters. Experiments show that the SNR obtained using this calculation method has an average calculation error of <1 dB when compared with the theoretical SNR of the actual optical system. Additionally, the simulation images generated by the imaging simulation method show high consistency with real images, which meets the requirements of faint space target detection algorithm research and provides reliable data support for development of related technologies.
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3159
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1045
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0
关键词: Stellar flare detection; TESS light curve; ML; Automatic classification;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.61977/ ati2025028
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：The detection of stellar flares is crucial to understanding dynamic processes at the stellar surface and their potential impact on surrounding exoplanetary systems. Extensive time series data acquired by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) offer valuable opportunities for large-scale flare studies. A variety of methods is currently employed for flare detection, with machine learning (ML) approaches demonstrating strong potential for automated classification tasks, particularly for the analysis of astronomical time series. This review provides an overview of the methods used to detect stellar flares in TESS data and evaluates their performance and effectiveness. It includes our assessment of both traditional detection techniques and more recent methods, such as ML algorithms, highlighting their strengths and limitations. By addressing current challenges and identifying promising approaches, this manuscript aims to support further studies and promote the development of stellar flare research.
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2726
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836
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关键词: Equatorial coordinate system; LLR; PM; Satellite laser ranging; Space geodesy;
DOI：https://doi.org/10.61977/ ati2025027
提交时间： 2025-12-03
摘要：A method is presented for determining instant values of Earth’s polar motion (PM) using a set of lunar laser ranging (LLR) measurements acquired simultaneously by tri-static common view (TCV) at three LLR stations in Europe. We developed a model of the LLR TCV measurements, then formulated the linear equation for solving PM. Although there was no actual TCV event in the data, we conducted a two-phase study to test our method using actual LLR normal points (NPs) acquired by the European stations during 2012–2022. In the first phase, we simulated TCV events and PM solutions. The robustness of our method was assessed by introducing Universal Time (UT1) errors and per-station range errors in this phase. In the second phase, we augmented the actual LLR NPs with simulated data to generate realistic TCV events and solutions, using the ‘1+2’ and ‘2+1’ strategies, which differed in terms of data composition. Results indicated that a UT1 error of 0.1 ms caused PM errors of <18 mas, while a uniform range error of 50 mm resulted in PM errors of <180 mas. In the augmentation phase, the maximum solution errors were 752 and 899 mas, and 88.5% and 91.2% of the solutions were better than the predictions for the ‘1+2’ and ‘2+1’ strategies, respectively. The presented approach relies on precise geodetic data, and therefore, it is not intended to replace the traditional method. However, this study demonstrated that instant determination of PM is feasible and robust, although the accuracy requires further enhancement.
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2743
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899
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