摘要: 2018年11月3012月3日中国西北新疆地区发生了罕见的冬季雨雪风沙强降尘天气事件，基于气象观测记录、环境监测和大气降尘连续观测数据，分析研究了此次异常天气过程的大气污染物的时空变化特点及其环境影响。结果显示：该天气过程造成新疆90%以上的绿洲城市遭受大气颗粒物污染，污染组分主要以粗颗粒污染物为主，环境PM1（0 空气动力学直径10 m的颗粒物）最大浓度高达4745 gm-3；大风天气与PM10浓度以及空气质量指数（Air Quality Index，AQI）高度正相关；首府乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物总沉降量约90104~152104 t，大气降尘强度均值为85 gm-2，超过城市年均值的60%。此次冬季异常雨雪风沙天气过程导致环境空气重污染和高降尘量，风蚀沙尘颗粒物在大气环流场急流作用下传输到绿洲区域，对城市大气环境质量的恶化影响显著，塔克拉玛干沙漠是造成此次西北新疆地区大范围强降尘事件的主要源地。
Abstract: An unusual winter synoptic process of mixed rain and snow with strong airborne dustfall occurred in Xinjiang, northwestern China from November 30 to December 3, 2018. Based on the meteorological records, environmental monitoring data, and continuous atmospheric dustfall observations, we analyzed the characteristics of the air pollutants during the synoptic process and studied their impact on the environment. The results showed that, during this anomalous synoptic process, >90% of the oasis cities in Xinjiang Province, China were affected by the atmospheric particulate pollution. The inhalable particulate matter comprised mostly coarse particles. This abnormal synoptic process caused the concentration of particulate matter to rapidly rise with PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 10 m) concentration in Xinjiang reaching a maximum of 4745 gm-3. The occurrence of strong winds in the Xinjiang cities was highly positively correlated with the elevated PM10 concentration and air quality index. This synoptic process resulted in a total atmospheric dust deposition of approximately 0.9- 1.52 million tons in the provincial capital city of Urumqi. The average airborne dustfall intensity in Urumqi was 85 gm-2, exceeding the citys annual average by 60%. This anomalous winter rain and snow mixed with eolian dust caused severe pollution of the atmosphere as well as intense atmospheric dustfall. Under the action of atmospheric circulation with jet streams, enormous amounts of particulates were transported to the oasis areas, seriously deteriorating the quality of the atmosphere in the urban environment. The Taklamakan Desert is the main pollution source for these strong winter dustfall events in Xinjiang, northwestern China.
| [V1] | 2023-05-30 19:02:19 | ChinaXiv:202305.00257V1 | 下载全文 |
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