摘要: 昆明蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架要求坚持生物多样性保护和可持续维持机 制的原则，探寻人与自然和谐共生美好愿景的实现路径。云南拥有全国乃至全球都极为 丰富的野生食用菌资源，形成了独特的菌文化。该研究在调查云南野生食用菌资源保护 利用现状的基础上，梳理了从全国到地方的相关法律法规及政策文件，指出，随着天然菌类 产品日益受到追捧，野生食用菌的采集销售量大增、产值高涨，背后潜藏野生食用菌数量锐 减，部分野生食用菌类群处于濒危、易危的境地。人们生态保护意识薄弱，无序采集、乱采 滥采等因素都危及野生食用菌资源的生存发展；与此同时，相关产业标准的缺失也极大阻碍 了云南野生食用菌产业的发展。对此，建议（1）加快野生食用菌资源保护与发展的专门立 法，不能停留在目前碎片化或者混同化的立法状态，也不能只满足于本地的政策性保护；（2） 建构野生食用菌采集、销售（包括国际贸易）、加工、运输等标准体系，对野生食用菌进行 分类分级精准保护，尤其对于采集国家保护类群，应当逐步建立起采集许可证体系；（3） 强化全产业链技术支撑，推进野生食用菌种质保藏、人工培育、精深加工等科技体系建设。 使野生食用菌的采集、加工和流通做到有标准可依，资源的保护利用做到有政策可查，为野 生食用菌的保护、利用和产业可持续发展提供支撑和保障。
Abstract: The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework requires adherence to the principles of biodiversity conservation and sustainable maintenance mechanisms, exploring the path to realizing the beautiful vision of coexisting harmoniously with nature. Yunnan has extremely rich wild edible fungus resources, forming a unique edible fungus culture. In order to improve people's ecological conservation awareness, promote the survival and development of wild edible fungus resources, and further promote the development of Yunnan's wild edible fungus industry, this article uses the literature review method and questionnaire survey method to investigate the current status of protection and utilization of Yunnan's wild edible fungus resources based on the sorting of relevant laws and regulations and policy documents from national to local levels.This study found that: With the increasing popularity of natural mushroom products, the production and output value of wild edible fungus have increased significantly, but the number of wild edible fungus has sharply reduced, and some wild edible fungus populations are in a state of endangered and vulnerable. Weak ecological conservation awareness, disorderly collection, and other factors all endanger the survival and development of wild edible fungus resources. Meanwhile, the lack of relevant industry standards also greatly hinders the development of Yunnan's wild edible fungus industry. In view of the above problems, the paper proposes the following suggestions: (1) Accelerate the special legislation for protection and development of wild edible fungus resources, not staying in the current fragmented or confused legislative state, and not only satisfying local policy protection; (2) Construct a standard system for wild edible fungus collection, sales (including international trade), processing, transportation, etc., accurately protecting wild edible fungus, especially for the collection of nationally protected populations, a collection license system should be gradually established; (3) Strengthen the technical support for the whole industry chain and promote the construction of science and technology systems such as wild edible fungus germplasm preservation, artificial cultivation, and advanced processing. Through this paper, the following achievements are obtained. (1) Further supplement and improve the standards for wild mushroom collection, processing and circulation. (2) The protection and utilization of resources can be traced back to policies. (3) Support and guarantee the protection, utilization and sustainable development of wild mushroom industry.
| [V1] | 2023-05-21 20:03:59 | ChinaXiv:202305.00169V1 | 下载全文 |
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