Abstract:
Directional radiation and scattering play an essential role in light
manipulation for various applications in integrated nanophotonics, antenna and
metasurface designs, quantum optics, etc. The most elemental system with this
property is the class of directional dipoles, including the circular dipole,
Huygens dipole, and Janus dipole. A unified realization of all three dipole
types and a mechanism to freely switch among them are previously unreported,
yet highly desirable for developing compact and multifunctional directional
sources. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the synergy
of chirality and anisotropy can give rise to all three directional dipoles in
one structure at the same frequency under linearly polarized plane wave
excitations. This mechanism enables a simple helix particle to serve as a
directional dipole dice (DDD), achieving selective manipulation of optical
directionality via different "faces" of the particle. We employ three "faces"
of the DDD to realize face-multiplexed routing of guided waves in three
orthogonal directions with the directionality determined by spin, power flow,
and reactive power, respectively. This construction of the complete
directionality space can enable the unprecedented high-dimensional control of
both near-field and far-field directionality with broad applications in
photonic integrated circuits, quantum information processing, and
subwavelength-resolution imaging.
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