分类: 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间: 2024-03-19
摘要: 一元论与多元论之争是道德心理学领域近些年最为活跃的理论交锋之一。道德一元论认为所有外在的道德现象与内在的道德结构都可以用一种因素来解释。道德多元论则认为道德不能只用单一因素来解释,而是存在多个不同质的道德维度,且具有文化敏感性。对应道德理论和道德基础理论是这场争议的典型代表。双方就伤害的解释力、道德失声现象、模块化道德与洁净维度独立性等方面展开论争。未来研究应从三个具体方面进一步探索道德之一元论与多元论难题,进而保持道德心理学领域的理论活力。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-03-18
摘要: The exploration of exotic shapes and properties of atomic nuclei, e.g., α cluster and toroidal shape, is afascinating field in nuclear physics. To study the decay of these nuclei, a novel detector aimed at detectingmultiple alpha-particle events was designed and constructed. The detector comprises two layers of double-sidedsilicon strip detectors (DSSD) and a cesium iodide scintillator array coupled with silicon photomultipliers arrayas light sensors, which has the advantages of their small size, fast response, and large dynamic range. DSSDscouple with cesium iodide crystal arrays are used to distinguish multiple alpha hits. The detector array has acompact and integrated design that can be adapted to different experimental conditions. The detector array wassimulated using Geant4, and the excitation energy spectra of some alpha-clustering nuclei were reconstructedto demonstrate the performance. The simulation results show that the detector array has excellent angularand energy resolutions, enabling effective reconstruction of the nuclear excited state by multiple alpha particleevents. This detector offers a new and powerful tool for nuclear physics experiments and has the potential todiscover interesting physical phenomena related to exotic nuclear structures and their decay mechanisms
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-03-18
摘要: In recent years, the gap between the supply and demand of medical radioisotopes has increased, necessitating new methods for producing medical radioisotopes. Photonuclear reactions based on gamma sources have unique advantages in terms of producing high specific activity and innovative medical radioisotopes. However, the lack of experimental data on reaction cross sections for photonuclear reactions of medical radioisotopes of interest has severely limited the development and production of photonuclear transmutation medical radioisotopes. In this study, the entire process of the generation, decay, and measurement of medical radioisotopes was simulated using online gamma activation and offline gamma measurements combined with a shielding gammaray spectrometer. Based on a quasi-monochromatic gamma beam from the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS), the feasibility of the measurement of production cross section for surveyed medical isotopes was simulated, and specific solutions for measuring medical radioisotopes with low production cross sections were provided. The feasibility of this method for high precision measurements of the reaction cross section of medical radioisotopes was demonstrated.
分类: 数字出版 >> 数字技术 提交时间: 2024-03-18
摘要: 摘要: 目的/意义 剖析数字人文项目扶助边缘群体的实践案例,旨在为我国开展以数字人文项目扶助边缘群体探索提供经验与启示。 方法/过程 采用案例分析法,于国内外78个边缘群体扶助类数字人文项目中提取实践要素,从扶助主体多元参与,聚力共创;扶助对象兼顾显隐,与时偕行;扶助举措立破并举,多管齐下;扶助成果形式纷呈,稳中求进四个维度追踪扶助效用,解析扶助经验。 结果/结论 得出我国边缘群体扶助类数字人文项目建设启示:着眼社会制度优势,释放政府主体动能;面向扶助对象需要,开展精准靶向扶助;统一务实举措进向,助力数字红利落地;构筑轻量化成果集群,推动集体智慧可持续复利。
分类: 心理学 >> 应用心理学 提交时间: 2024-03-18
摘要: 为了帮助青年新冠感染人群在疫情结束后恢复和发展心理健康平衡状态, 我们开发了可以作为现有心理健康资源补充的在线自助心理干预机器人。首先, 我们利用提示工程技术,基于大语言模型GPT-4构建擅长问题解决疗法 (Problem-Solving Therapy, PST)的聊天机器人。然后进行预测试和正式实验 来验证聊天机器人的有效性。预测试的结果表明聊天机器人在与用户的交互过程 中遵守问题解决疗法的核心工作步骤。正式实验的结果显示,PST聊天机器人在 问题识别和问题解决维度上的表现好于普通聊天机器人,说明PST聊天机器人可 以帮助用户更快定位困扰自己的问题和以及制定出可行的问题解决计划。但在关 系质量维度上PST聊天机器人与普通聊天机器人没有差别,也没有在性别和新冠 后遗症这两个因素上发现对两种聊天机器人的评价有差异。说明PST聊天机器人 的人机关系质量没有显著提升,但聊天机器人的普遍可接受性和广泛适用性仍在 实际应用中具有一定优势。研究结果支持大语言模型在创新性实现心理自助干预 方面的可能性。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-03-18
摘要: 通过在Nilsson势中引入八极关联相互作用,基于推转壳模型(CSM)下的粒子数守恒方法(PNC)处理包含单极和四极对力的哈密顿量,研究了反射不对称(RA)原子核的基态转动带。基于此,PNC-CSM的计算结果重现了轻锕系区偶偶核236,238U和238,240Pu的交替宇称带,以及奇-𝐴核237U和239Pu的宇称带双重带的转动惯量实验值。与相邻偶偶核236,238U和238,240Pu相比,奇-𝐴核237U和239Pu的𝑠=−𝑖内禀转动带的转动惯量增加了50%∼60%。这些增加的转动惯量主要是由费米面附近中子轨道的泡利堵塞效应减弱了中子体系的对关联导致。U和Pu同位素中,转动惯量随着转动频率缓慢增加则可以解释为转动使得体系的对关联减弱。在低频率区,反射不对称原子核的转动惯量明显高于相对应的反射对称(RS)原子核的转动惯量。并且,与反射对称原子核相比,较大的八极形变将导致反射不对称原子核体系的对关联减弱更加明显。