分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30
摘要： 基于信号理论，研究采用三个依次递进的实验，分别以大学生群体和在职员工为被试进行检验，探讨了建议寻求者的注视方向对建议者建议提出意愿的影响。结果发现：(1)当建议寻求者的注视方向为正视时，能够促进建议者提出建议的意愿，建议者感知到的角色期待在其中起到了中介作用。(2)当建议者的拒绝敏感性高时，寻求者的注视方向对建议提出意愿有显著影响；当建议者的拒绝敏感性低时，这种影响减弱或消失；此外，拒绝敏感性也调节了角色期待感知的中介效应。
分类： 数学 >> 控制和优化 提交时间： 2019-08-30
摘要： In particle physics, scalar potentials have to be bounded from below in order for the physics to make sense. The precise expressions of checking lower bound of scalar potentials are essential, which is an analytical expression of checking copositivity and positive definiteness of tensors given by such scalar potentials. Because the tensors given by general scalar potential are 4th order and symmetric, our work mainly focuses on finding precise expressions to test copositivity and positive definiteness of 4th order tensors in this paper. First of all, an analytically sufficient and necessary condition of positive definiteness is provided for 4th order 2 dimensional symmetric tensors. For 4th order 3 dimensional symmetric tensors, we give two analytically sufficient conditions of (strictly) cpositivity by using proof technique of reducing orders or dimensions of such a tensor. Furthermore, an analytically sufficient and necessary condition of copositivity is showed for 4th order 2 dimensional symmetric tensors. We also give several distinctly analytically sufficient conditions of (strict) copositivity for 4th order 2 dimensional symmetric tensors. Finally, we apply these results to check lower bound of scalar potentials, and to present analytical vacuum stability conditions for potentials of two real scalar fields and the Higgs boson.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： The water deficit in arid and semi-arid regions is the primary limiting factor for the development of urban greenery and forestation. In addition, planting the species that consume low levels of water is useful in arid and semi-arid regions that have poor water management measures. Leaf water potential (Ψ) is a physiological parameter that can be used to identify drought resistance in various species. Indeed, Ψ is one of the most important properties of a plant that can be measured using a pressure chamber. Drought avoiding or drought resistant species have a lower Ψ than plants that use normal or high levels of water. To determine drought resistance of species that are suitable for afforestation in arid urban regions, we evaluated twenty woody species in the Isfahan City, central Iran. The experimental design was random split-split plots with five replications. The species were planted outdoor in plastic pots and then subjected to treatments that consisted of two soil types and five drip irrigation regimes. To evaluate the resistance of each species to drought, we used the Ψ and the number of survived plants to obtain the drought resistance index (DRI). Then, cluster analysis, dendrogram, and similarity index were used to group the species using DRI. Result indicates that the evaluated species were classified into five groups: (1) high water consuming species (DRI>–60 MPa); (2) above normal water consuming species (–60 MPa≥DRI>–90 MPa); (3) normal water consuming species (–90 MPa≥DRI>–120 MPa); (4) semi-drought resistant species (–120 MPa≥DRI>–150 MPa); and (5) drought resistant species (DRI≤–150 MPa). According to the DRI, Salix babylonica L., Populus alba L., and P. nigra L. are high water consuming species, Platanus orientalis L. and Albizia julibrissin Benth are normal water consuming species, and Quercus infectoria Oliv. and Olea europaea L. can be considered as drought resistant species.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Boreal forests are important carbon sinks and have tremendous potential to mitigate climate change. Aboveground biomass of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) stands in the Altay Mountains, Northwest China was studied and allometric equations that are related to the biomass of aboveground components using diameter at breast height (DBH) or both DBH and height (H) as independent variables for L. sibirica trees were derived in this paper. A linear simultaneous equation system by using either DBH or both DBH and H (DBH&H) indices, was used to ensure additivity of the biomass of individual tree components, and was fitted for L. sibirica. Model performance was validated using the jackknifing test. Results indicate that the goodness-of-fit for the regressions was lowest for the needles (R2 ranging from 0.696 to 0.756), and highest for the stem wood (R2 ranging from 0.984 to 0.997) and the aggregated biomass components (R2 ranging from 0.994 to 0.995). The coefficient of determination for each component was only marginally improved in terms of model fit and performance in the biomass equations that used DBH&H as the independent variables compared to that used DBH as the independent variable, and needles yielded an even worse fit. Stem biomass accounted for the largest proportion (87%) of the aboveground biomass. Based on the additive equations that used DBH as the single predicitor in this study, the mean aboveground carbon stock density and the carbon storage values of L. sibirica forests were 74.07 Mg C/hm2 and 30.69 Tg C, respectively, in the Altay Mountains. Empirical comparisons of published equations for the same species growing in the Altay Mountains of Mongolia were also presented. The mean aboveground carbon stock density estimated for L. sibirica forests was higher in the Chinese Altay Mountains than in the Mongolian Altay Mountains (66.00 Mg C/hm2).
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： The community assembly rules and species coexistence have always been interested by ecologists. The community phylogenetic structure is the consequence of the interaction process between the organisms and the abiotic environment and has been used to explain the relative impact of abiotic and biotic factors on species co-existence. In recent years, grassland degradation and biodiversity loss have become increasingly severe on the Mongolian Plateau, while the drivers for these changes are not clearly explored, especially whether climate change is a main factor is debated in academia. In this study, we examined the phylogenetic structure of grassland communities along five transects of climate aridity on the Mongolian Plateau, and analyzed their relations with environmental factors, with the aims to understand the formation mechanism of the grassland communities and the role of climatic factors. We surveyed grassland communities at 81 sites along the five transects, and calculated their net relatedness index (NRI) at two different quadrat scales (small scale of 1 m2 and large scale of 5 m2) to characterize the community phylogenetic structure and analyze its relationship with the key 11 environmental factors. We also calculated the generalized UniFrac distance (GUniFrac) among the grassland communities to quantify the influence of spatial distance and environmental distance on the phylogenetic β diversity. The results indicated that plant community survey using the large scale quadrat contained sufficient species to represent community compositions. The community phylogenetic structure of grasslands was significantly overdispersed at both the small and large scales, and the degree of overdispersion was greater at the large scale than at the small scale, suggesting that competitive exclusion instead of habitat filtering played a major role in determination of community composition. Altitude was the main factor affecting the community phylogenetic structure, whereas climatic factors, such as precipitation and temperature, had limited influence. The principal component analysis of the 11 environmental factors revealed that 94.04% of their variation was accounted by the first four principal components. Moreover only 14.29% and 23.26% of the variation in community phylogenetic structure were explained by the first four principal components at the small and large scales, respectively. Phylogenetic β diversity was slightly significantly correlated with both spatial distance and environmental distance, however, environmental distance had a less explanatory power than spatial distance, indicating a limited environmental effect on the community phylogenetic structure of grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau. In view of the limited effect of climatic factors on the community phylogenetic structure of grasslands, climate change may have a smaller impact on grassland degradation than previously thought.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Desert mosses, which are important stabilizers in desert ecosystems, are distributed patchily under and between shrubs. Mosses differ from vascular plants in the ways they take up nutrients. Clarifying their distribution with ecological stoichiometry may be useful in explaining their mechanisms of living in different microhabitats. In this study, Syntrichia caninervis, the dominant moss species of moss crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, was selected to examine the study of stoichiometric characteristics in three microhabitats (under living shrubs, under dead shrubs and in exposed ground). The stoichiometry and enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil were analyzed. The plant function in the above-ground and below-ground parts of S. caninervis is significantly different, so the stoichiometry of the above-ground and below-ground parts might also be different. Results showed that carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents in the below-ground parts of S. caninervis were significantly lower than those in the above-ground parts. The highest N and P contents of the two parts were found under living shrubs and the lowest under dead shrubs. The C contents of the two parts did not differ significantly among the three microhabitats. In contrast, the ratios of C:N and C:P in the below-ground parts were higher than those in the above-ground parts in all microhabitats, with significant differences in the microhabitats of exposed ground and under living shrubs. There was an increasing trend in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil available phosphorous (SAP), and C:P and N:P ratios from exposed ground to under living shrubs and to under dead shrubs. No significant differences were found in soil total phosphorous (STP) and soil available nitrogen (SAN), or in ratios of C:N and SAN:SAP. Higher soil urease (SUE) and soil nitrate reductase (SNR) activities were found in soil under dead shrubs, while higher soil sucrase (STC) and soil β-glucosidase (SBG) activities were respectively found in exposed ground and under living shrubs. Soil alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity reached its lowest value under dead shrubs, and there was no significant difference between the microhabitats of exposed ground and under living shrubs. Results indicated that the photosynthesis-related C of S. caninervis remained stable under the three microhabitats while N and P were mediated by the microhabitats. The growth strategy of S. caninervis varied in different microhabitats because of the different energy cycles and nutrient balances. The changes of stoichiometry in soil were not mirrored in the moss. We conclude that microhabitat could change the growth strategy of moss and nutrients cycling of moss patches
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Soil tillage and straw retention in dryland areas may affect the soil aggregates and the distribution of total organic carbon. The aims of this study were to establish how different tillage and straw retention practices affect the soil aggregates and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in the aggregate fractions based on a long-term (approximately 15 years) field experiment in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau, northwestern China. The experiment included four soil treatments, i.e., conventional tillage with straw removed (T), conventional tillage with straw incorporated (TS), no tillage with straw removed (NT) and no tillage with straw retention (NTS), which were arranged in a complete randomized block design. The wet-sieving method was used to separate four size fractions of aggregates, namely, large macroaggregates (LA, >2000 μm), small macroaggregates (SA, 250–2000 μm), microaggregates (MA, 53–250 μm), and silt and clay (SC, <53 μm). Compared to the conventional tillage practices (including T and TS treatments), the percentages of the macroaggregate fractions (LA and SA) under the conservation tillage practices (including NT and NTS treatments) were increased by 41.2%–56.6%, with the NTS treatment having the greatest effect. For soil layers of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–30 cm, values of the mean weight diameter (MWD) under the TS and NTS treatments were 10.68%, 13.83% and 17.65%, respectively. They were 18.45%, 19.15% and 14.12% higher than those under the T treatment, respectively. The maximum contents of the aggregate-associated SOC and TN were detected in the SA fraction, with the greatest effect being observed for the NTS treatment. The SOC and TN contents were significantly higher under the NTS and TS treatments than under the T treatment. Also, the increases in SOC and TN levels were much higher in the straw-retention plots than in the straw-removed plots. The macroaggregates (including LA and SA fractions) were the major pools for SOC and TN, regardless of tillage practices, storing 3.25–6.81 g C/kg soil and 0.34–0.62 g N/kg soil. Based on the above results, we recommend the NTS treatment as the best option to boost soil aggregates and to reinforce carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau of northwestern China.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Natural soil-forming factors such as landforms, parent materials or biota lead to high variability in soil properties. However, there is not enough research quantifying which environmental factor(s) can be the most relevant to predicting soil properties at the catchment scale in semi-arid areas. Thus, this research aims to investigate the ability of multivariate statistical analyses to distinguish which soil properties follow a clear spatial pattern conditioned by specific environmental characteristics in a semi-arid region of Iran. To achieve this goal, we digitized parent materials and landforms by recent orthophotography. Also, we extracted ten topographical attributes and five remote sensing variables from a digital elevation model (DEM) and the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM), respectively. These factors were contrasted for 334 soil samples (depth of 0–30 cm). Cluster analysis and soil maps reveal that Cluster 1 comprises of limestones, massive limestones and mixed deposits of conglomerates with low soil organic carbon (SOC) and clay contents, and Cluster 2 is composed of soils that originated from quaternary and early quaternary parent materials such as terraces, alluvial fans, lake deposits, and marls or conglomerates that register the highest SOC content and the lowest sand and silt contents. Further, it is confirmed that soils with the highest SOC and clay contents are located in wetlands, lagoons, alluvial fans and piedmonts, while soils with the lowest SOC and clay contents are located in dissected alluvial fans, eroded hills, rock outcrops and steep hills. The results of principal component analysis using the remote sensing data and topographical attributes identify five main components, which explain 73.3% of the total variability of soil properties. Environmental factors such as hillslope morphology and all of the remote sensing variables can largely explain SOC variability, but no significant correlation is found for soil texture and calcium carbonate equivalent contents. Therefore, we conclude that SOC can be considered as the best-predicted soil property in semi-arid regions.
分类： 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Mountain glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change. In this paper, we systematically analyzed and discussed the responses of glaciers to climate change during 1960–2017 in western China by the methods of least squares and correlation analysis. Results show that the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, and precipitation significantly increased in western China at the rates of 0.32°C/10a, 0.48°C/10a, 0.39°C/10a, and 11.20 mm/10a, respectively. However, the wind speed, hours of sunshine, snowfall, and snowy days displayed decreasing trends at the rates of –0.53 m/(s•10a), 3.72 h/10a, –2.90 mm/10a, and –0.10 d/10a, respectively. The annual percentage of glacier area decreased by approximately 0.42%, and the average glacier area decreased by 2.76 km2/a. Meanwhile, glacial shrinkages were greater in the Altay Mountains, Tanggula Mountains, and Qilian Mountains than in the other mountainous regions. Glacier accumulation decreased while melt volume increased at a rate of 2.7×104 m3/a. The area of melt volume was 1.3 times that of the glacier accumulation area. The glacier mass balance (GMB) decreased substantially at a rate of –14.0 mm/a, whereas the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) showed an increasing trend at a rate of 0.5 mm/a. After 1997, the mass was smaller than –500.0 mm, indicating a huge loss in glaciers. Furthermore, relationships between ELA and GMB and various climatic factors were established. Temperature and precipitation demonstrated a significantly negative correlation, whereas wind speed and snowy days had significantly positive correlations with GMB. Snowy days also exhibited a remarkably negative correlation with ELA. The strong warming trend and less snowy days were thought to be the main factors leading to glacial melting, whereas the increase in precipitation, and reductions of sunshine hours and wind speed might slow glacial melting.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Riverine sand dunes develop as a result of fluvial-aeolian interactions. The primarily barchan dune chains along the Xiangshui River (a branch of the Xar Moron River in the western part of the Horqin Sandy Land of China) form a typical riverine dune field. We collected a series of samples from the riverine sand dunes parallel to the direction of the prevailing wind and investigated the sand sources and formation mechanisms of these dunes by determining the grain size, heavy mineral content and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the samples. The sand of the near-river dunes was coarser than the sand of the dunes distant from the river, indicating that coarse sand of the valley mainly deposited on near-river dunes. The heavy mineral analysis suggested that wind-sand activity levels were intense on the upwind dunes, but relatively weak on the downwind dunes. This indicated that the sand sources for the near-river dunes were more abundant than those of the distant dunes. Our OSL analysis of samples suggested that the deposition rates on dunes near the river were greater than the deposition rates on dunes distant from the river. The development of dunes along the river indicated that the river played an important role in dune formation and development. In addition, airflow fluctuation and the formation of the waveform dunes had a type of feedback relationship. Grain size, heavy mineral and OSL analyses are widely used methods in wind-sand research. Sand dune grain size characteristics reflect the effects of airflow on the transport and separation of sand materials, as well as the physical characteristics of the sand sources. Heavy mineral characteristics are often used to investigate the relationships between sediments and sand sources. OSL indicates dune age, revealing formation of dunes. Therefore, it is useful to explore dune sand sources, as well as the mechanisms underlying dune formation, by determining grain size, heavy mineral content and OSL. This study investigated the sand sources of riverine dunes and provided new information about riverine dune formation and development.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Low-carbon economic development is a strategy that is emerging in response to global climate change. Being the third-largest energy base in the world, Central Asia should adopt rational and efficient energy utilization to achieve the sustainable economic development. In this study, the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method was used to explore the influence factors of CO2 emissions in Central Asia (including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan) during the period 1992–2014. Moreover, decoupling elasticity and decoupling index based on the LMDI decomposition results were employed to explore the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions during the study period. Our results show that the total CO2 emissions decreased during the period 1992–1998, influenced by the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent financial crisis. After 1998, the total CO2 emissions started to increase slowly along with the economic growth after the market economic reform. Energy-related CO2 emissions increased in Central Asia, mainly driven by economic activity effect and population effect, while energy intensity effect and energy carbon structure effect were the primary factors inhibiting CO2 emissions. The contribution percentages of these four factors (economic activity effect, population effect, energy intensity effect and energy carbon structure effect) to the total CO2 emissions were 11.80%, 39.08%, –44.82% and –4.32%, respectively, during the study period. Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan released great quantities of CO2 with the annual average emissions of 189.69×106, 45.55×106 and 115.38×106 t, respectively. In fact, their economic developments depended on high-carbon energies. The decoupling indices clarified the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth, highlighting the occurrence of a ''weak decoupling'' between these two variables in Central Asia. In conclusion, our results indicate that CO2 emissions are still not completely decoupled from economic growth in Central Asia. Based on these results, we suggest four key policy suggestions in this paper to help Central Asia to reduce CO2 emissions and build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2019-08-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Net primary production (NPP) is an indicator of rangeland ecosystem function. This research assessed the potential of the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model for estimating NPP and its spatial and temporal changes in semi-arid rangelands of Semirom County, Iran. Using CASA model, we estimated the NPP values based on monthly climate data and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) obtained from the MODIS sensor. Regression analysis was then applied to compare the estimated production data with observed production data. The spatial and temporal changes in NPP and light utilization efficiency (LUE) were investigated in different rangeland vegetation types. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was also calculated at different time scales and the correlation of SPI with NPP changes was determined. The results indicated that the estimated NPP values varied from 0.00 to 74.48 g C/(m2•a). The observed and estimated NPP values had different correlations, depending on rangeland conditions and vegetation types. The highest and lowest correlations were respectively observed in Astragalus spp.-Agropyron spp. rangeland (R2=0.75) with good condition and Gundelia spp.-Cousinia spp. rangeland (R2=0.36) with poor and very poor conditions. The maximum and minimum LUE values were found in Astragalus spp.-Agropyron spp. rangeland (0.117 g C/MJ) with good condition and annual grasses-annual forbs rangeland (0.010 g C/MJ), respectively. According to the correlations between SPI and NPP changes, the effects of drought periods on NPP depended on vegetation types and rangeland conditions. Annual plants had the highest drought sensitivity while shrubs exhibited the lowest drought sensitivity. The positive effects of wet periods on NPP were less evident in degraded areas where the destructive effects of drought were more prominent. Therefore, determining vegetation types and rangeland conditions is essential in NPP estimation. The findings of this study confirmed the potential of the CASA for estimating rangeland production. Therefore, the model output maps can be used to evaluate, monitor and optimize rangeland management in semi-arid rangelands of Iran where MODIS NPP products are not available.
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2019-08-28
摘要： 多目标追踪任务是研究动态场景中视觉注意加工机制常用的范式。自1998年开始对多目标追踪神经机制的影像学研究以来，研究者采用ERP和fMRI等技术对多目标注意追踪所涉及的神经电生理活动和脑功能区激活方面开展了大量研究。ERP研究发现，追踪过程持续的ERP脑电成分如N2pc、CDA的波幅与注意追踪负荷有关，并且出现在目标与非目标上的探测刺激诱发的脑电成分如N1、P1波幅的差异可反映注意资源的分配，具体为目标在追踪过程中得到了激活，而非目标受到了抑制。fMRI研究比较一致地发现了顶叶(包括前顶内沟、后顶内沟、顶上小叶)、背外侧额叶皮层等在注意追踪中的强烈激活。其中顶内沟主要与注意负荷有关，顶内沟的活动水平直接决定了观察者注意追踪的行为表现。而顶上小叶可能更多的负责注意转移。背外侧额叶皮层可能负责追踪时的感觉运动预测过程。
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2019-08-28
摘要： 无损的功能性磁共振脑成像（functional magnetic resonance imaging， fMRI）技术已经成为脑科学研究领域的重要研究手段之一。然而，全球不同实验室在 fMRI 数据的存储和处理流程上存在一定的分歧，限制了脑科学的快速发展。为了解决这一问题，最近国际脑科学家联合推出了脑成像数据存储的标准化框架（Brain Imaging Data Structure, BIDS），以及能够处理以 BIDS格式整理的数据的应用程序（BIDS APP）。本文首先概述了 BIDS 以及 BIDS APP 的处理流程，然后讨论了由于对 BIDS 数据预处理技术的选择不同所导致的不同的后续统计分析流程。面对新兴的 BIDS 程序和技术，未来的脑成像研究者需要考虑如何将其与传统的 fMRI 统计软件合理搭配以期达到更好的统计力度。
分类： 数学 >> 计算数学 提交时间： 2019-08-27
摘要： 本文基于阻尼块反幂法与子空间投影算法设计了一种求解特征值问题的广义共轭梯度算法, 同时也实现了相应的计算软件包. 然后对算法和计算过程进行了一系列的优化来提高算法的稳定性、计算效率和并行可扩展性, 使得本文的算法适合在并行计算环境下求解大规模稀疏矩阵的特征值. 所形成的软件包是基于Matrix-Free和Vector-Free设计的, 可以应用于任意的矩阵向量结构. 针对几种典型矩阵的测试结果表明本文的算法和软件包不但具有良好的数值稳定性, 同时相比于SLEPc软件包中的LOBPCG以及Jacobi-Davidson解法器有2-6倍的效率提升. 软件包的网址: https://github.com/pase2017/GCGE-1.0.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2019-08-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 该文将对水曲柳中JAZ蛋白家族的一员FmJAZ1的功能及对其上下游基因影响进行初步分析。首先利用无缝克隆的方法构建FmJAZ1-pROK2-GUS 过表达载体，利用三亲杂交的方法将载体转入农杆菌，随后使用农杆菌对水曲柳组培苗进行瞬时侵染，得到FmJAZ1过表达的侵染苗。最后在侵染后36 h使用DIECA（茉莉酸合成途径抑制剂）对侵染苗进行处理，分别取0、1、3、6、18、21、24 h七个时间点的样品，通过荧光定量PCR对FmJAZ1、JAZ2、GL1、EIN3、MYC2五个基因的表达进行分析。农杆菌瞬时侵染水曲柳幼苗后，FmJAZ1表达显著升高，为空载侵染的3.2倍，说明FmJAZ1瞬时转入水曲柳并完成基因表达，侵染有效。经过DIECA（茉莉酸合成途径抑制剂）处理的侵染苗FmJAZ1的相对表达量初期下降并出现明显波动，18 h后恢复平稳，证明它是JA通路的作用基因。同时检测了四个JA通路相关基因的表达，在1 h时JAZ2、GL1表达下调，其余均有轻微上调，随后各基因表达均呈上调。FmJAZ1瞬时转化水曲柳后FmJAZ1过表达，说明瞬时侵染有效；DIECA处理后FmJAZ1表达显著下调说明FmJAZ1的合成受JA调控。在水曲柳中FmJAZ1抑制转录因子GL1、EIN3、MYC2、FmJAZ2的表达，且FmJAZ2的合成也受JA调控。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2019-08-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 扩展蛋白（Expansins, EXP）是一类基因家族，几乎参与了植物发育的全过程，从种子萌发到果实成熟都有扩展蛋白的参与。利用生物信息学的方法对小立碗藓（Physcomitrella patens）Expansin基因家族成员进行鉴定，并分析其基因结构、染色体定位及系统发生关系；结果表明小立碗藓基因组中含有Expansin A（EXPA）32个、Expansin-like A(EXLA)6个，并未发现Expansin-like B（EXLB）及Expansin B（EXPB）。扩展蛋白氨基酸序列长度在228 ~ 290之间，编码蛋白质具有两个保守的结构域Pollen_allerg_1和DPBB_1。蛋白质亚细胞定位预测结果表明：运用CELLO在线工具预测发现小立碗藓中约4/5的EXP家族基因定位于细胞外；而Euk-mPLoc预测结果则显示小立碗藓EXP基因家族成员全定位于细胞外。基因结构分析表明，小立碗藓中约68% Expansin 基因有含有1 ~ 3个内含子。本研究分析了小立碗藓扩展蛋白基因家族的基本信息，可为深入研究其扩展蛋白基因的分子进化与生物学功能奠定基础。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2019-08-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 该研究从NCBI网站下载油棕全基因组序列信息，从Arabidopsis Information Resource（TAIR）数据库中下载得到拟南芥WRKY转录因子序列，并在油棕基因组数据库中进行BLAST同源序列比对分析，通过NCBI在线工具CDD和PFAM数据库进行蛋白结构与分析，剔除无WRKY结构域的系列，利用生物信息学方法对油棕WRKY转录因子进行分析及功能预测。结果表明：从油棕基因组数据库中发掘WRKY转录因子95个，该WRKY转录因子蛋白质所编码氨基酸大小为116～1 303 bp，95个均为亲水性蛋白，总体为不稳定蛋白（EgWRKY25和EgWRKY56除外），60个蛋白以α-螺旋为主要二级结构元件，35个以无规卷曲为主要二级结构元件。保守结构域系统进化树结果表明，油棕WRKY转录因子家族蛋白主要分为三大类（I、II和III），I类分为IC和IN亚类，II类分为II a、II b、II c和II d亚类。内含子和外显子结构结果表明，EgWRKY基因结构进化高度保守。该研究结果对油棕WRKY转录因子的挖掘、功能分析及分子生物学研究奠定了基础，此外，还对分子育种和遗传改良提供参考。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2019-08-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为了了解不同林龄和密度对马尾松人工林凋落叶养分结构和归还状况的影响，选择广西南宁市横县镇龙林场的四种林龄（幼龄林、中龄林、成熟林和过熟林）和四种密度（低密度林、中低密度林、中高密度林和高密度林）马尾松林共8种林分作为研究对象，分析了未破碎和破碎两个不同降解阶段的凋落叶C、N、P含量及其生态化学计量学特征。结果表明：（1）不同林龄中，凋落叶初始C含量在过熟林和成熟林较高，N含量在过熟林和中龄林较高，而P含量没有显著变化，导致凋落叶的C﹕N比值和C﹕P比值在成熟林最大，而N﹕P比值不同林龄间无显著差异，说明处在较快生长期的幼龄林和中龄林马尾松可能对N和P养分的需求较大。（2）不同密度林中，随着林木密度的增加，凋落叶初始C含量逐渐升高，N含量无显著变化，而P含量在降低；高密度林凋落叶的初始C﹕P比值和N﹕P比值较高，说明高种植密度下马尾松可能对N和P养分的需求较大，P素重吸收较强。（3）不同林龄和不同密度马尾松林的破碎凋落叶C含量、C﹕N比值、C﹕P比值和N﹕P比值比未破碎凋落叶的低，而N和P含量较高，说明凋落物在降解过程中出现N和P养分的富集现象。（4）中林龄和较高种植密度的马尾松破碎凋落叶与未破碎凋落物的C含量差值最大，而C﹕N比值和C﹕P比值也较低，说明这两种林分的凋落叶C的降解速率可能较大。上述结果表明，中龄林和中高、高密度林的马尾松可能对N和P养分的需求较大，重吸收效率较高，且凋落叶C的潜在分解速率较高，可能利于有机碳较快进入土壤中。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2019-08-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为深入研究春兰(Cymbidium goeringii)与奇花品种花器官发育调控的分子机制，用同源克隆方法，分别从普通春兰与春兰奇花品种‘天彭牡丹’的花芽中克隆得到1个cDNA长为849 bp D类MADS-box基因CygoSTK(Genbank 登录号为MH917912.1)，该基因序列在2种春兰中高度一致，包含1个长705 bp的完整ORF，编码1个由234个氨基酸残基组成的STK进化系MADS-box转录因子。结构分析表明：CygoSTK转录因子包含1个高度保守的MADS结构域（MADS domain）（1~57）和1个次级保守的K结构域（91~172），其C末端的转录激活区含有两个高度保守的基序：AGI基序和AGII基序。进一步用qPCR检测CygoSTK基因在春兰与奇花品种‘天彭牡丹’不同花器官中的相对表达量发现CygoSTK在普通春兰和‘天彭牡丹’子房中的表达量最高，显著高于该基因在相应品种其他花器官中的表达量（LSD，P＜0.05）。该研究结果表明CygoSTK基因在功能上有很强的保守性，主要参与春兰子房的发育。
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