分类： 生物学 >> 细胞生物学 分类： 生物学 >> 神经生物学 分类： 生物学 >> 分子生物学 分类： 物理学 >> 电磁学、光学、声学、传热、经典力学和流体动力学 提交时间： 2017-01-20
摘要： This is a new idea that based on effective treatment of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease with transcranial magnetoelectric stimulation technology, it can understand a hypothesis about voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is the best target for activation by physical means, basic content：Parkinson's disease , Alzheimer's disease etc. neuronal degeneration diseases, that closely related to physical-gated ion channels, which can be treated with physical means, activating neurotransmitters-energic neurons plays key roles in the treatment, and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is the best target for physical means, the purpose is to induce Ca2+ inflowing and triggers neuronal axon terminals synaptic vesicles releasing neurotransmitters. The theory of brain cell activation sets forth the principle, method and purpose of treatment of the physical gated ion channel diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neural degeneration diseases, and indicates that the attempt to treat these diseases using pharmaceutical and chemical approaches could shake our confidence in conquering the diseases, and the application of physical approaches or combined application of physical and chemical approaches in the treatment of some major encephalopathy may be our main research direction in the future.
分类： 生物学 >> 细胞生物学 提交时间： 2016-06-14
摘要： ABSTRACT T-cell response and tolerance in non-lymph tissues (liver and small intestine) differ from lymph tissue response and tolerance as occurs in the spleen and thymus. However, the distribution and composition of the TCR repertoire in non-lymph tissues, and how they differ and associate with counterparts in lymph tissue, peripheral blood and non-lymph tissue is unclear. Thus, we studied these tissues in BALB/c mice at one-, three- and five-months-of-age. Genomic DNA were extracted from organs and multiple PCR amplification was performed for the TCT β chain CDR3 region, followed by high-throughput sequencing(HTS) of the CDR3 region. Spatial-temporal homogeneity and heterogeneity of TCR β chain CDR3 repertoires were analyzed and compared. Data show that total CDR3 repertoire diversity was the same across mouse ages and diversity of thymal CDR3 in the youngest mouse was significantly greater than the older mice. CDR3 intestinal diversity in the oldest mouse was greater than in the other two mice. CDR3 diversity in the thymus spleen and blood for all mice exceeded that of the livers and small intestine and CDR3 in the spleen, blood, and liver decreased with ageing. At all ages, lowly -expanded clone (LEC) was greatest in the thymus, followed by the spleen, blood, liver, and small intestines and highly-expanded clones (HEC) had the opposite trend. Liver medium-expanded clones (MEC) was the most abundant compared to other tissues at all animal ages. Overlapping CDR3 in total CDR3 sequences were greatest in the small intestine, and least in the thymus at all ages and overlapped CDR3 had the opposite pattern. The distribution of CDR3 repertoire length was normal, with a median of 14 amino acids in tissues of all mice but the youngest mouse intestinal distribution had a median of 12 amino acids. CDR3 repertoire amino acid usage was consistent among all mouse tissues and K, M, H, I were abnormally low. V, D, and J usage in the CDR3 repertoire were not different at any age nor were TRBV, TRBD, and TRBJ usage. Usage of the TRBV1, TRBV5, TRB13, TRBV19, and TRBV31 family was high frequency, and the TRBJ01-7(ORF) and TRBJ02-6 (P) family was used at low frequency. TRBJ02-7 usage was significantly higher compared to other TRBJ families. TRBD01 usage was significantly higher than TRBD02 usage. For n-insertions and v, j, d5, and d3 deletions, there were some differences among examined tissues. Thus, the composition and characteristics of the CDR3 repertoire are unique across different tissues at different ages in BALB/c mice. CDR3 repertoire composition was similar within the thymus, blood, spleen, and liver at all ages; and the intestinal composition was different from the thymus, spleen, blood, and liver. These data offer a novel method to explore source, differentiation, proliferation and response of distinct T cells in different tissues at different mouse ages.
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